The mission of scientific research in hospitals
According to the National Regulations on the Work of Hospitals, hospitals are required to carry out scientific research that focuses on improving the level of clinical care. At the same time, they should also actively create conditions to carry out research on experimental medicine and basic theories, giving rise to new technologies of diagnosis and treatment at home and abroad, so as to continuously improve the quality of medical care and develop medical science.
The tasks of scientific research in hospitals can be summarized as follows according to the source of the task, the type of scientific and technological activities or research content.
(a) classified by the source of the task
1. Vertical scientific research tasks: refers to the subjects and projects issued by the competent government departments at all levels. Including national, departmental and professional development plan identified in the scientific research tasks, or the Ministry of Health in accordance with the requirements of the development of medicine and health care and in the prevention and treatment of some of the scientific and technological difficulties encountered in the scientific and technological research topics. Such as national and Ministry of Health research projects, "863", "973" projects, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, ministries, provinces, commissions and bureaus fund projects. Generally through the merit or bidding for the implementation of the undertaking unit, the hospital, first of all, to ensure the implementation and realization of this part of the task, each unit should be based on their own strengths and characteristics, conditions of experimental equipment and scientific and technological personnel's ability, expertise and so on, and actively create the conditions to fight for the national task.
2. Horizontal scientific research tasks: this type of research and development issues are based on horizontal scientific and technological contracts, it is mainly commissioned by enterprises and institutions, research funds are generally provided by the commissioning unit. Since the opening of China's technology market, this kind of research and development issues are increasing, because they have a strong comprehensive, so often need to organize cross-sectoral, cross-industry, cross-system collaboration in order to complete the task, to take a positive attitude to undertake the task, and included in the plan to give protection.
3. Free choice of topics: is based on the development of the discipline and the expertise of scientific and technological personnel, combined with the actual needs of health care, scientific and technological personnel to propose their own research topics. Part of the evaluation, approval and other procedures, by the unit to give funding for the establishment of the topic, such as hospitals, funds, etc. The other part of the scientific and technological personnel according to their own. The other part is the research topics which are researched by scientific and technological personnel themselves according to their own interests or practical problems encountered in scientific research, teaching and medical practice. As long as the self-selected topics have innovative academic ideas, they are likely to be developed into major scientific research topics with a strong reserve nature. Therefore, full attention should be paid to self-selected topics, and actively create conditions to support and foster.
(2) Classification according to the type of scientific and technological activities
Because of the different ways of declaring the topics, it is necessary to classify them according to the research categories of scientific and technological activities by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
1. Basic research. Is to understand natural phenomena, explore the laws of nature for the purpose of research activities without or only generalized social applications envisioned. This type of research is highly exploratory, the research cycle is long, high requirements for research tools, the result of the research is often some scientific discoveries, impact on a wide range of scientific fields, often illustrate a wide range of truths, become universal principles, theories or laws. Basic medical research is to explore and recognize the basic laws of life activities, explore and reveal the general laws of disease occurrence, development and regression, so as to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the technology of medical treatment and prevention, and guide the practice of medical science.
2. Applied research. Mainly for a particular practical application of the goal of research. It often use the results of basic research, specific research on how to utilize and transform the means and methods of nature, the study of a variety of practical problems in technology. Such as disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention methods of research, new drugs, new biological products, new medical technology and equipment research and so on.
3. Development research. Also known as development research, is the use of basic research and applied research knowledge, the promotion of new materials, new products, new designs, new processes and new methods, or significant and substantial improvement of the creative activities. The difference between it and the first two kinds of research is that basic and applied research is to increase and expand scientific and technological knowledge, while development research is mainly to promote and open up new applications.
The above three types of research complement each other, promote each other and can be transformed into each other. Basic research is the foundation of applied research, applied research is the application of basic research. Application and development research is not only a further continuation and confirmation of basic research results, but also in turn promotes the development of basic research.
(C) according to the content of research classification
1. Clinical medical research. Including diagnostic and therapeutic research. Diagnostic methods research goal is to early, specific, non-invasive, trace, accurate, rapid, simple direction, and gradually realize the mechanization of diagnostic technology, automation. The research on treatment methods includes drugs, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, physiotherapy, physical therapy, mental psychotherapy, nutritional therapy, etc., aiming at safety and convenience, reliable efficacy and repeatability, and the combination should be accurate.
Clinical medical research should also pay attention to the combination of Chinese and Western medicine research work, China's Chinese medicine is the study of human life phenomena and pathological phenomena of one of the knowledge system, its unique theories and unique means of prevention and treatment of disease, health care, has attracted the attention of the world. Efforts should be made to develop medicine with Chinese characteristics, and modern scientific research methods and techniques should be utilized to actively accelerate and improve the process and level of scientific research in Chinese medicine.
2. Preventive medicine research. With the transformation of the medical model and the introduction of the doctrine of "three-level prevention", medical research should be transformed from purely therapeutic to preventive and therapeutic. Early detection of disease, early diagnosis, early treatment, infection monitoring, disinfection and isolation, prevention of cross-infection, reducing comorbidities, preventing chronic acute diseases, as well as social prevention, social health care, etc. are the important content of the hospital preventive medicine research.
3. Basic medical research. Basic medical research is extremely important for the development of clinical medicine. As mentioned earlier, these studies can provide a scientific theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease, it is the source of new technologies, new inventions, backing and precursor. Especially for hospitals that undertake teaching tasks, basic research plays a very important role in improving the academic level of faculty, updating teaching materials, revamping old specialties, establishing new and emerging cross-disciplines, and promoting the cultivation of graduate and undergraduate students. Therefore, all hospitals should actively create conditions to encourage and support basic medical research.
4. Hospital management research. The management of the hospital is responsible for decision-making, command, organization, coordination and other important tasks, in the case of human, financial and material conditions are basically the same, the development and improvement of the hospital depends largely on the effective scientific management and organizational capacity. Under the new situation of the current market economy, how to deepen the internal system reform of the hospital, how to better learn and cause advanced management theory, management technology and methods, faster to achieve the efficiency of the management system, management institutions, management personnel experts, management technology automation, as well as management methods of scientific, standardized and institutionalized, how to better give full play to the hospital's human, material, financial and various technical capabilities of the role of the hospital, and at the same time is one of the important elements of medical research.