Who says there aren't, there are two.
The first, the Kiev, class 1143, was laid down at the Nikolaev Shipyard on July 21, 1970, launched on December 27, 1972, commissioned on January 3, 1975, withdrawn from active service in January 1993, and sold to China; The second, the Minsk, class 1143.2, was laid down at the Minsk Shipyard on December 29, 1972, launched on December 29, 1972, commissioned on January 3, 1975, and sold to China;There are two aircraft carriers in the world. Minsk", class 1143.2, started at Minsk Shipyard on December 29, 1972, launched on September 30, 1975, commissioned on September 28, 1978, decommissioned in January 1993, sold to China for conversion into an amusement ride;
the third "Varyag ", said to be the ship most likely to become China's first aircraft carrier! On May 7, 1982, after much deliberation and discussion, the Central Committee of the USSR ****production party and the Council of Ministers made a decision to build a third-generation aircraft carrier in accordance with the 1143.5 design. Following the first carrier "Order 105" (1143.5 design factory number, "Order 105" is the current "Kuznetsov") in September of that year, the start of construction After that, in 1983, the Soviet military decided to build a second aircraft carrier, "Order 106", which was also constructed by the Nikolaev Black Sea Shipyard in the then Ukrainian Union*** and State. According to the original design, the two aircraft carriers of the same class had a full load displacement of 67,000 tons and an overall length of 306 meters, which was only 22 meters shorter than the American aircraft carrier USS Nimitz. The bow flight deck is seven stories above the water and the transom flight deck is 73 meters wide. The carrier can accommodate up to about 60 fighters and has 12 SS-N-19 anti-ship missile launchers on the forward part of the flight deck. Its main mission is to ensure the safety and operational effectiveness of Soviet nuclear ballistic missile submarines and to destroy enemy naval forces at sea and on bases. on December 4, 1985, "Order 106" settled down on the shipbuilding platform. In 1988, the hull of "Order 106" was successfully constructed and launched on November 25th of that year, and in July 1990, "Order 106" was launched into the water. "Order 106 was named Varyag in honor of the cruiser Varyag, which was sunk during the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War. As of November 1991, Varyag was 68% built. Main dimensions: Length 302m (full length), 281m (waterline), Breadth 70.5m, Draught 10.5m Flight Deck: Length 300m, Breadth 70m Hangar: Length 152m, Breadth 26m, Height 7m Displacement: 55,000 tons (standard) ?67,000 tons (fully loaded) Power: 4 steam turbines? Power: 4 steam turbines, 4 shafts, 200,000 horsepower Speed: 29-31 knots Speed: 29-31 knots Endurance: >7000 nautical miles/18 knots Ship? Crew: 1960+626 (aircrew) Armament: 12-unit SS-N-19 anti-ship missile vertical launchers (12 rounds in reserve) 4 six-unit SA-N-9 anti-aircraft missile vertical launchers (192 rounds in reserve) 8-unit Kashtan guided-gun combinations Vertical Launchers. 8 Kashtan integrated close-in defense systems 4 AK-630 6-barrel 30mm close-in defense guns 2 10-barrel RBU?12000 anti-submarine rocket launchers Maximum of 50 aircraft of various types, mainly Su-33 (Su-27) and Mig-29 fighters, Ka-27 anti-submarine helicopters, and Ka-31 AWACS helicopters Sonar: Zvezda-2? active search/attack (low and medium frequency) sonar and MGK-345? Bronza/Ox?Yoke? hull sonar Radar: two 3-square-face air search radars; one MR-710 "Top Plate" 3-square sea/air search radar, D/E-band; two MR-710 "Top Plate" 3-square standard sea/air search radars, D/E-band; two MR-710 "Top Plate" 3-square standard sea/air search radars, D/E-band; and two MGK-345 "Top Plate" 3-square-frame radars, D/E-band. /E-band; 2 MR-320M Twin Pillar maritime radars, F-band; 3 Palm Leaf navigation radars, I-band Fire Control: 4 Crossed Swords, K-band, to control air-to-air missiles. Fire Control: 4 "Cross Sword", K-band, to control air-to-air missiles; 8 "Hot Flash" fire control radars, J-band, to control the close-in defense system Electronic jamming: 2 PK-2, 10 PK-10? In mid-March 1998, Macau's "Cheung Lok Tourism and Entertainment Co. "In mid-March 1998, Macau's Cheung Lok Tourism and Entertainment Company (CLTEC) purchased the Varyag aircraft carrier for US$20 million in order to refurbish it. Now, after three years of silence, the "Varyag" undergoing reconstruction in Dalian Harbor has once again become the focus of world attention. The newly revealed Varyag carrier was surprisingly spotted on the Dalian Shipyard dock, which is known to be used for normal commercial conversions that do not involve entering the dock, but only indoor installations. The pictures show that Varyag is very well maintained, and even though it has not been painted or fitted with external equipment, it is clear that the necessary repairs have been carried out over the past three years, which is not the way of a businessman, who has to put his goods on the market as soon as possible to earn a return. "The Varyag is clearly supported by the state and is used for other purposes. In particular, the recent public statement by Rear Admiral Zhang Zhaozhong, a strategic commentator from the Chinese military, that "it will be China's first aircraft carrier" has renewed the carrier craze among netizens. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Varyag was acquired by the present-day Ukrainian state of **** (and remained nominally part of the Russian Black Sea Fleet for the first few years) for the sake of "localized considerations" at the time of the breakup of the Soviet Union. However, due to the poor state of the Ukrainian economy and its inability to continue construction, the project was halted and scrapped. As a result, the aircraft carrier was left in a form of a floating platform, abandoned for a long time off the coast of Nikolaev. During the period, Russia has also negotiated with the Ukrainian side of the "Varyag" aircraft carrier redemption problem, but the negotiations ended in failure. In 1998, Macau's Chuanglue Tourism and Entertainment Company bought the Varyag for $20 million through a competitive bidding process, claiming that it wanted to turn it into a large-scale integrated maritime tourism facility. In July 1999, the Macau company hired a tugboat to tow the Varyag on its long voyage. Before setting sail, the buyer requested that the name of the new port where it would settle be prominently displayed on the ship's transom. Therefore, the name of the new port in which the Varyag was to be located was clearly marked on the transom. "Varyag, the English word "KINGSTOWN" (Kingstown, the capital of St. Vincent and the Grenadines) appeared next to the name. When the ship arrived in the waters of the Black Sea north of Turkey and passed through the Turkish-controlled Bosphorus Strait, the Turkish government, "alerted by a third country," intercepted it and forced the Varyag to return to the Black Sea. Subsequently, in August, the Varyag attempted to pass through the Strait again and was again blocked by the Turkish government. "The Varyag was blocked in the Black Sea and drifted for a long time before returning to its original harbor ...... The Turkish side refused to allow the ship to pass through the Strait on the grounds that it was "too big and interfered with the normal navigation of other vessels in the Bosphorus". "The Turkish side refused to let the Varyag pass on the grounds that it was too big and affected the normal navigation of other vessels in the Bosphorus. As a result, China and Turkey began a year-and-a-half-long negotiation ...... (I won't go into the details) In September 2001, the Turkish government finally agreed to allow the Varyag to pass through the strait. On November 1, the weather in Turkey was clear and the Bosphorus was calm. The Turkish authorities had temporarily closed the strait, one of the world's busiest waterways, since the early hours of the morning to allow the hull of the aircraft carrier Varyag, which had been purchased by China's Macao Chuangliao Company, to pass through. At 8:00 a.m., when the morning fog cleared, the unpowered behemoth entered the long and winding Bosphorus, towed by 11 tugboats and escorted by 12 rescue and firefighting vessels. The "Varyag" proceeded slowly at 4 knots and by 2:30 p.m. had safely passed the last dangerous corner of the strait and passed through the narrow channel into the wide Sea of Marmara. The fleet continued to pass through the night hours, entering the narrow but less tortuous Dardanelles on the morning of the 2nd, and entering the Aegean Sea that afternoon. The Bosphorus, which runs through Istanbul, Turkey's largest city, and the connected Sea of Marmara and Dardanelles, commonly known as the Turkish Straits, is the only passageway for ships from the Black Sea countries such as Ukraine and Russia out of the Mediterranean Sea, with an average of 50,000 ships navigating through it each year. The Bosphorus is 34 kilometers long, the narrowest point is only 700 meters, and there are 14 zigzag dead ends, the current is rough, and there are shipwrecks from time to time. The Bosphorus Bridge, built over the strait and spanning Europe and Asia, is famous worldwide and is a must-see for tourists traveling to Istanbul. China chartered the world's most powerful tugboat, the Greek Nikolay Cik, which is the largest tugboat in the world. The Greek Nikolay Chiker, a 99-meter-long tugboat owned by an Athens-based marine rescue company, has a maximum speed of 19.5 knots and 24,000 horsepower, which is more than the 16,000 horsepower that the Turkish Maritime Administration (TMA) had requested earlier. According to the Turkish Maritime Administration experts in charge of the Strait, when the "Varyag" without navigational power to pass through the Strait, encountered strong winds and currents or large angles of the Strait corner, the need for high-powered tugboats in the back? "Brake" to avoid collision on both sides of the river. November 3, by six tugboats towing the "Varyag" aircraft carrier in the Aegean Sea near the island of Skiros in the international waters encountered unprecedented storms, it and the tugboats connected to the towing cable has been blown off. Like a runaway horse, the huge object was out of control and careened across the sea. "After breaking away from the tugboat, the Varyag drifted towards the island of Evia, only 80 kilometers from the island's shore. However, the Greek Ministry of Commerce and Maritime Transport said that the carrier was not in danger of sinking or running aground. Rescuers did their best to save it and took a long time to get the ship largely under control. A Greek rescue helicopter landed on the carrier's deck and took the ship's seven crew members, including three Russian, three Ukrainian and one Filipino, to a military airport west of Athens. After a medical examination, doctors certified that they were in good condition, and on November 7, three tugboats and a Greek vessel secured the Varyag with towing cables and finally brought it under control. The ship was finally brought under control. The carrier hull emerged from the storm and made its way through the Mediterranean Sea, through the Strait of Gibraltar (the Suez Canal would not allow it to pass), out of the Atlantic Ocean, via Las Palmas in the Canary Islands, and rounding the Cape of Good Hope in Africa into the Indian Ocean on December 11, 2001, passing through the Straits of Malacca via Maputo, Mozambique, on February 5, 2002. The carrier arrived off the coast of Singapore on the night of February 11, 2002 and arrived at the coast of Singapore on the night of February 12, 2002.The carrier was not in the water, but it was in the sea. off Singapore, entered the South China Sea on February 12, and on February 20 entered Chinese territorial waters.
On March 3, 2002, the carrier Varyag finally arrived in Dalian, ending a difficult voyage of 15,200 nautical miles and four months. The rusty Varyag carrier is moored in the 51st district of Dalian harbor. On the morning of April 26, 2005, the Varyag was escorted by a large number of tugboats and slowly towed into the dry dock of the Dalian Shipyard, a process that took about three hours. Dalian port barge company's six high-powered tugboats all out, Dalian harbor channel all blockade, Dalian Shipyard also strengthened the security measures. In early August 2005, Varyag appeared in a fresh coat of standard PLA Navy Gray.There is also a Chinese-built "quasi-carrier", the Kunlunshan Mountain
The Kunlun Mountain amphibious dock transport ship, the Kunlun Mountain, is a Chinese-built amphibious dock transport ship, the Kunlun Mountain. Kunlun Mountain" ship, full load displacement of 17,600 tons, 210 meters long, 27 meters wide. The main engine is 4 diesel engines, double shaft propulsion, the number of crew is about 120, other data is not known. The ship is larger than the JMSDF's Osumi class transports, but smaller than the U.S. San Antonio class ships.The ship began construction in June 2006, was launched in December of the same year, and was commissioned in 2008, a short construction period.
The ship appears to be of a merchant ship type, and judging by the size of the moorings on the bow deck, also of the merchant ship variety. The superstructure, including the bridge, is located in the center of the hull and is integrated, with two chimneys on each side of the hull. The superstructure and the outer side of the hull are inclined inward, which is an obvious stealth design feature.
Starting from the front of the bridge, the huge docking bay occupies almost two-thirds of the ship's length, and is capable of accommodating four hovercraft, which may be Whalesands IIs or an improved version. Due to the large volume of the docking bay, the ship is not equipped with a special hatch on both sides for vehicles to get on and off, but rather the docking bay tailgate is also used. In addition, in the middle of the hull on both sides, there is also a vehicle personnel landing craft (LCVP) cabin. The rear of the ship is the flight deck, the hangar at the rear of the superstructure is able to accommodate two "straight eight" helicopters, the flight deck can also accommodate two more. There is a large deck crane on the starboard side of the hangar, with a long boom. The superstructure, including the flight deck and hangar, can also be used as a vehicle deck, but judging from the photos alone, it is not certain whether the above parts are connected to the docking bay with a lift. The ship has fewer portholes and life rafts, as well as replenishment units on both sides of the hull for offshore replenishment. Given the large size of the docking bay and vehicle deck, living space would certainly be limited, and although the number of troops carried is rumored to be around 500-800, it is actually more likely to be around 250. Therefore, the ship is more suitable for use as a dock landing ship (LSD) than a dock transport ship (LPD). The 071 Landing Ship has the same sleek and simple appearance as the new ships built by the Chinese Navy in the last two years, with a small angle of inclination for stealth. The hull adopts a high drywall flat deck type, a large flying shear bow and a wedge-shaped tail, a small aspect ratio, and above the waterline there is a clear angular line, which makes it more seaworthy. The superstructure is mainly set in the front of the ship, accounting for about 2/5 of the space above the deck. Deck 1 and the superstructure is mainly set up with the command room, control cabin, medical rescue cabin and some living room: Deck 2 is mainly the crew and landing troops living room, office and galley. Below the deck is the landing bay, divided into two sections, the front section is the armored vehicle storage compartment, *** two layers, can store landing armored vehicles and some other materials, in the import and export also has a small lift, for the movement between the two layers of loading and unloading, the outer wall is equipped with a jump door, the vehicle can be landed through the door directly ashore. The latter section is a huge dock landing bay, total length of about 70 meters, mainly used for berthing large and small air cushion landing craft, mechanical landing craft or vehicle personnel landing craft. This bay is connected to the forward vehicle bay by a passageway, which allows personnel/armored vehicles from the forward bay to go to the dock bay to board the hovercraft when needed. The docking area is ballasted aft with a submerged docking area, which is ballasted aft to allow the landing craft to board quickly and safely, and to drive directly in and out of the ship, and can be closed completely. Unlike the Japanese "Dayu" class dock landing ship, which has an all-access deck, the ship's helideck is located at the rear of the bridge, and the bridge and hull are the same width. The helicopter hangar below the deck has been eliminated, leaving more space for other arrangements. Overall, the ship's use of space is quite good, but there are still flaws in this piece of jade, mainly in the following areas: the number of aircraft carried is small, and the rapid delivery capability is poor; the distance between the forward vehicle storage section and the aft helicopter deck is too far away, which to a certain extent affects the ship's port door loading and unloading process. But the above shortcomings are not insurmountable, such as the defects of the rapid delivery capability can be solved by the air cushion landing craft, and the survivability is stronger, more carrying capacity, better concealment. The ship's armament includes: 1 HQ1-7 8-unit anti-aircraft missile launcher, 1 single 76mm gun, 4 30mm close-in defense guns, and not much in the way of electronic equipment. If the ship is to be used primarily as a hovercraft to achieve the versatility of the San Antonio class, this equipment would be sufficient. In conclusion, the ship's equipment and improvements deserve future attention. The landing ship is equipped with a new 76-millimeter gun on the bow, the same as China's newest 054A frigate gun is the same, the gun's structure and performance is completely imitated by the Russian AK176 gun, the combat capability is super strong. AK176 gun rate of fire is 125 rounds/minute, the range of up to 17 kilometers, but due to China's AKl76 material and stealth electronic technology, such as upgrading, making the installation in the 071-type gun, the gun can be used in a variety of ways. Upgrade, making the gun installed on the 071 landing ship performance is even more outstanding, not only can hit the surface targets, but also on the air targets to implement precision strikes. Behind the 76mm gun is an 8-unit HHQ-7 anti-aircraft missile installation, which is standard equipment on destroyers and frigates built in the 1990s, especially its low-altitude anti-missile capability is very good. However, our 054A frigate has been equipped with a vertical launch system. 071 is not equipped with a vertical launch system is mainly to take into account the 071 landing ship in combat is the main task of transporting personnel and materials rather than combat, so the weapons are equipped with a slightly inferior, but the wartime will certainly be escorted by other ships. The ship's mid-aft layout of the Russian-made AK630 close-range artillery system, its fire control system can provide manned and unmanned manipulation of the two modes of swing for air defense, including interception of the fight against sea-skimming anti-ship missiles, small sea targets, lightly armored coastal targets and floating mines, etc. The AK630 has been improved and upgraded many times, and its overall combat effectiveness is still quite excellent. In recent years, China through the introduction of the use of this type of gun maintenance has accumulated a wealth of experience, these "software support" in the actual combat will play an important role. In terms of soft weaponry, the 071 lander, like the 052 destroyer, is equipped with China's new generation of proximity metal jamming foil device, which can jam enemy incoming missiles in the sea 2000 meters away. and deflect them from their trajectory: in addition, there are also two AK630 naval guns on each side of the 071, which are also equipped on the 525 and 526 frigates. In order to cope with small tonnage targets, the ship is also equipped with several 12.7, 7.62 mm machine guns, which can be described as both near and far, thoughtful and meticulous. The three weapons mentioned above have already made its firepower stronger than that of other countries' dock landing ships in the world. Traditional landing craft can only pass through 15% of the world's coasts, while the air cushion landing craft can land on 70% of the coasts for landing operations, is the main means of transportation necessary to cross the sea landing operations. In fact, China has long been successfully developed 711, 716, 722 and other different designs and uses of the experimental air cushion landing craft, but most of these boats in the tonnage of less than 80 tons, the carrying capacity is not strong, so only assigned to the Marine Corps to use, and is equipped with a number of large tanks landing ship. The huge dock landing bay at the rear of the 071 can accommodate four large air cushion landing craft, and it is claimed that the ship can carry three Type 63A amphibious main battle tanks or six Type 90 wheeled armored combat vehicles if it carries tracked weapons. Although the 071 is only a dock landing ship, its large flight deck allows two medium-sized helicopters to take off and land on the ship's deck at the same time.Neither is in service in China, but the conversion makes both possible!
Kunlun Mountain amphibious dock transport ship "Kunlun Mountain"