The architecture of the Internet of Things is divided into three layers: the perception layer, the network layer and the application layer. The Internet of Things refers to a huge network formed by combining with the Internet through a variety of information sensing devices, real-time collection of all kinds of information needed for any object or process that needs to be monitored, connected, or interacted with.
The Internet of Things (InternetofThings, abbreviation: IoT) is a network based on the Internet, traditional telecommunication networks and other information carriers, so that all ordinary objects that can exercise independent functions can be interconnected. Its application areas mainly include transportation and logistics, industrial manufacturing, health care, intelligent environment (home, office, factory), etc., which has a very broad market prospect. Initially proposed in 1999: that is, through radio frequency identification (RFID) (RFID + Internet), infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners, gas sensors and other information sensing equipment, according to the agreed protocols, any item and the Internet connected to the exchange of information and communication, in order to achieve intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management of a network. In short, IoT is "Internet of Things". China Internet of Things University and Enterprise Alliance defines Internet of Things as a combination of almost all current technologies and computer and Internet technologies to realize real-time **** enjoyment of real-time environmental and status information between objects and objects, as well as intelligent collection, transmission, processing and execution. Broadly speaking, when it comes to the application of information technology, can be included in the scope of the Internet of things.
The four-layer architecture of the Internet of Things and its role
1, the perception layer
The perception layer is the basis for the development and application of the Internet of Things. The perception layer is equivalent to the skin and five senses of the Internet of Things, completing the task of recognizing objects and collecting information. Perception layer includes QR code labels and readers, RFID tags and readers/writers, cameras, GPS, various sensors, video cameras, terminals, sensor networks and other data collection devices. It also includes the sensor network before the data is accessed to the gateway.RFID technology, sensing and control technology, and short-range wireless communication technology are the main technologies involved in the perception layer.
2, access layer
Access layer consists of end nodes and access gateway (Access Gateway), to complete the application of the end of the node information network control and information aggregation, or to complete the end of the node to the end of the forwarding of the information issued by the function. These end nodes constitute the end network or sensor network (by a large number of various types of sensor nodes composed of autonomous networks).
3, network layer
Network layer is equivalent to the nerve center and brain of the Internet of things, to achieve information transfer and processing. The network layer includes the convergence network of communication and Internet, network management center, information center and intelligent processing center, etc. The network layer transmits and processes the information obtained from the sensing layer and access layer. The network layer also includes functions such as information storage query and network management.
4, application layer
Application layer is equivalent to the Internet of Things "social division of labor", that is, with the industry needs to achieve a wide range of intelligent. Application layer is the deep integration of Internet of Things and industry expertise, combined with industry needs, to achieve industry intelligence, which is similar to the social division of labor, and ultimately constitute human society.