The number of new coronavirus diagnosis has been rising, the domestic news about the shortage of medical protective masks, medical protective clothing and other materials continue to shortage of medical protective clothing has become the heart of the new coronavirus infected patients receiving hospitals. In this article, we will introduce the classification of medical protective clothing, level, scope of application, standards and wear off method.
Medical protective clothing classification and scope of application
Medical protective clothing, including medical environments, specializing in wearing various types of clothing, so there are many ways to classify.
1. According to the use of points
According to the purpose and use of occasions can be divided into: daily work clothes, surgical clothing, isolation clothing and protective clothing.
Daily work clothes are white coats, also known as white coats, worn by medical personnel in their daily work.
Surgical gowns are specially designed clothing worn in the operating room.
Isolation gowns are garments worn by healthcare workers on occasions such as patient contact and family visits.
Protective clothing refers to clothing worn by personnel in medical emergencies, entering infectious disease areas, electromagnetic radiation areas and other special areas.
2. According to the service life
In accordance with the service life of medical protective clothing can be divided into disposable protective clothing and reusable protective clothing.
Domestic medical disposable surgical gowns comply with the standards promulgated by the State Food and Drug Administration, January 1, 2017, the implementation of the industry standard YY/T 0506-2016 "surgical sheets, surgical gowns and clean clothes for the patient, health care personnel and instruments". Medical disposable protective clothing to comply with the standard for China's National Standardization Administration designated by the March 01, 2010 implementation of the medical disposable protective clothing technical requirements: GB19082-2009.
Disposable protective clothing after the use of the discarded without the need for disinfection, washing, easy to use, to avoid cross-infection, but the degradation of the disposable material is slow, prone to environmental pollution, usually for high protective requirements of surgical equipment, medical equipment, surgical gowns and clean clothes. Usually, surgical gowns and isolation gowns with high protection requirements are mostly of this type. Reusable type needs to be washed and sterilized at high temperature after use, usually the comfort of the material is better, but the protection performance is usually poorer, and the process of washing and sterilizing will also increase a lot of manpower and water resources costs, usually for the daily work clothes (white coats) with small protection requirements, this type is mostly used.
3. According to the material
According to the different processing technology of the material, medical protective clothing is divided into woven and non-woven protective clothing.
Woven materials are mainly used in the processing of re-use of medical protective clothing, including traditional woven fabrics, high density fabrics, coated fabrics and laminated fabrics. Traditional woven fabrics are mainly processed using cotton fibers or polyester and other synthetic fibers and cotton blended yarn, with good comfort, mainly used for daily work clothes (white coat). High-density fabrics are woven using high-count cotton yarns or other ultra-fine synthetic fiber filaments, the yarn gap is very small, due to the capillary action of the fiber and has a moisture permeability, and then after fluorocarbon, silicone and other waterproofing agents to deal with a certain degree of anti-liquid infiltration properties, mainly used for surgical gown materials that require better waterproofing effect. Coated and laminated fabrics are designed to enhance the anti-penetration properties of the material, and are used for protective clothing materials with more demanding environments. Coated fabrics are processed through the coating process, the surface is closed by the coating agent, with anti-permeability, hydrophilic groups in the coating or by special methods to form a microporous structure to ensure that the fabric's moisture permeability. Laminated fabric is the fabric and a layer of special film (such as microporous film, polyurethane vapor permeable film, etc.) through the laminating process together, such as PTFE super waterproof and moisture permeable composite fabrics. As the microporous aperture of the main membrane of the fabric is much smaller than the diameter of a water droplet, it can prevent the infiltration of blood, body fluids, etc., and the porosity of the microporous pore is larger than the diameter of a water vapor molecule, the water vapor molecule can pass freely, so the moisture permeability performance is better.
Nonwoven protective clothing materials are basically disposable, the use of more spunbond nonwovens, spunlace nonwovens, SMS (spunbond - meltblown - spunbond) composite nonwovens, nonwovens and spunbond non-woven flash vaporization method, spunbond laminating products. Usually nonwovens-based protective clothing has better protection than mechanism-based materials.
In addition to these, there are special medical protective clothing, which can be divided into three categories, the scope of application is as follows:
1. Chemical protective clothing
Chemical protective clothing is in the handling of dangerous medical chemicals, in order to protect themselves from chemical hazards or corrosive substances and wear protective clothing. Chemical protective clothing in addition to the requirements of the clothing material resistance to chemical corrosion, the sealing and clothing sewing structure have more stringent requirements.
2. Electromagnetic radiation protective clothing
Electromagnetic radiation protective clothing is implanted in the fabric material through the very fine conductive fibers, so that the protective clothing does not produce static electricity, able to shield off the 100kHz ~ 300GHz range of electromagnetic waves of protective clothing. It is mainly used for the operation of electronic medical equipment systems in hospitals.
3. Nuclear and radiation protective clothing
Used in the nuclear radiation environment (small doses, a wide range of ionizing radiation, mainly α, β-rays mainly), to prevent radioactive aerosols and dust on the human body. It has the functions of protection against radioactive aerosols, protection against more than 150 kinds of toxic and corrosive gases, liquids and solids, protection against potential radioactive particles and liquids intruding into the body, and 100% blocking of dry particles above 0.2μm.
Methods of putting on and taking off medical protective clothing
The first seven steps of hand washing, wearing a hat and mask, take off shoes and then wear protective clothing, zipper and sticky tape, wear medical gloves, wear disposable isolation clothing, wear latex gloves (outer layer), wear booties and shoe covers, with goggles and protective face screen, check the tightness and extensibility.
Medical gowns are usually designed with a closed placket, that is, an internal zipper closure and an external bonded placket, which is zipped and Velcroed through flat seams. This design allows for a tighter fit in addition to better donning and doffing.
Medical protective clothing grade
China's protective clothing grading standards for the Chinese people *** and the national pharmaceutical industry standard YY/T 1499-2016 "medical protective clothing liquid barrier performance and grading", which will be the medical protective clothing a *** divided into 4 levels, the higher the grade, the better the protection performance.
Based on the different requirements of the level of protection, the nonwoven fabrics and films used are also different. Polyethylene breathable film / nonwoven composite materials, for the barrier to bacterial particle penetration and liquid infiltration has excellent results, and feel can be adjusted by changing the softness of the composite fabric, its strong tensile strength, breathable, comfortable and greatly improve the performance of the ability to withstand disinfection, does not contain toxic ingredients, grams of 60 ~ 100g / m2, there is a good cost-effective, made of medical disposable suits can be Medical disposable protective clothing made of it can protect medical personnel from contamination sources, overcome cross-infection, and play the role of effective protection.
"On the production and use of protective clothing during the outbreak of the relevant issues of the notice" proposed that when the medical protective clothing is insufficient, the use of emergency medical supplies protective clothing.
Emergency medical supplies protective clothing should be in line with the European Union medical protective clothing EN14126 standard (which liquid barrier level in the level 2 or more) and obtain the European Union CE certification, or liquid dense protective clothing (type3, in line with the EN14605 standard), spray dense protective clothing (type4, in line with the EN14605 standard), anti-solid particulate protective clothing (type5, in line with the ISO13985 standard). type5, according to ISO13982-1&2). Emergency medical supplies protective clothing is only used for isolation of hospitalization wards (rooms), isolation wards (rooms), can not be used for isolation of intensive care wards (rooms) and other places with strict microbial index control. Please local organizations health departments to guide hospitals, CDC and other units to regulate the rational use of emergency medical supplies protective clothing.
Medical protective clothing standards
In China, medical protective clothing corresponding to the standard for the Chinese people **** and the national standard GB 19082-2009 "medical disposable protective clothing technical requirements", the standard not only on the appearance of the protective clothing to do the regulations, but also on the protective clothing of the liquid barrier function, filtration performance, microbial indicators, ethylene oxide residual amount, taking performance and comfort performance, etc. made strict provisions.
China's protective clothing grading standards for the Chinese people *** and the national pharmaceutical industry standard YY/T 1499-2016 "medical protective clothing liquid barrier performance and grading", which will be medical protective clothing a *** divided into four levels, the higher the level, the better the protection performance.
Internationally, the European Union standard EN14126-2003 "Protective Clothing - Performance Requirements and Test Methods for Protective Clothing Against Infectious Sources", the protective clothing a **** is divided into six categories, with a "B" letter marking the biochemical protective clothing, which can be used for the protection of healthcare workers; U.S. standard NFPA1999: 2018 "Protective Clothing for Emergency Medical Operations". 2018 "Protective Clothing and Equipment for Emergency Medical Operations", the protective clothing and equipment for the detailed provisions, did not classify the medical protective clothing.
Medical protective clothing is in line with the standards, but also need to be tested by testing organizations. Now has a full range of testing qualifications of medical protective clothing testing organizations: Beijing Medical Devices Inspection Institute, Anhui Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute, Hubei Institute of Medical Devices Quality Supervision and Inspection, China Food and Drug Certification and Research Institute (China General Institute of Pharmaceutical Inspection) and the State Food and Drug Administration, Jinan, Medical Device Quality Supervision and Inspection Center.
Currently, most of the national standard medical protective clothing production uses ethylene oxide sterilization, which takes 7-14 days. However, after verification, the sterilization time can be controlled within 1 day, but taking into account the irradiation sterilization may have a certain impact on the structural strength of the suit, the "Emergency Code" will be irradiated sterilized medical disposable protective clothing use of the expiration date is limited to 1 month.
The above is about the medical protective clothing classification, level, scope of application, standards and wear off method of knowledge summary, I hope to help you!