Through the pressure or expansion of the gas generated by the force to do the work of the components, that is, the elastic energy of the compressed air is converted into kinetic energy of the machine. Such as cylinders, air motors, steam engines. It is a form of power transmission, but also for the energy conversion device, the use of gas pressure to transfer energy. First, the advantages of pneumatic components: 1, pneumatic device structure is simple, lightweight, simple installation and maintenance. Medium for the air, compared with the hydraulic medium is not easy to burn, so the use of safe. 2, the working medium is inexhaustible air, air itself does not cost money. Exhaust treatment is simple, does not pollute the environment, low cost. 3, the output force and the adjustment of the working speed is very easy. The action speed of the cylinder is generally less than 1M/S, faster than the action speed of hydraulic and electrical methods. 4, high reliability, long service life. The effective number of actions of electrical components is about one million times, while the general life of the solenoid valve is greater than 30 million times, some good quality valves more than 200 million times. 5, the use of air compression, can store energy to achieve centralized air supply. Can release energy for a short time to obtain high speed response in intermittent motion. Can realize cushioning. Strong adaptability to shock load and overload. Under certain conditions, the pneumatic device can be made to have self-maintaining ability.6. The full pneumatic control has the ability of fireproof, explosion-proof and moisture-proof. Compared with the hydraulic method, the pneumatic method can be used in high-temperature occasions. 7, due to the small air flow loss, compressed air can be centralized supply, long-distance transmission. Second, the disadvantages of pneumatic components: 1, because the air has compression, the cylinder's speed of action is susceptible to changes in the load. The use of pneumatic-hydraulic linkage can overcome this defect. 2, the cylinder in low-speed movement, due to friction accounted for a larger proportion of the thrust, the cylinder's low-speed stability is not as good as the hydraulic cylinder. 3, although in many applications, the output force of the cylinder to meet the requirements of the work, but its output force is smaller than the hydraulic cylinder. Pneumatic technology is to compressed air as a medium to drive and control machinery of a specialized technology. Because it has the advantages of energy-saving, non-pollution, high efficiency, low cost, safety and reliability, simple structure, etc., it is widely used in various machinery and production lines. In the past, automobiles, tractors and other production lines on the pneumatic system and its components, are designed, manufactured and maintained by the factories themselves. Third, the development of China's pneumatic components pneumatic technology to expand the application of the pneumatic industry is a sign of development. The application of pneumatic components mainly for two aspects: maintenance and supporting. In the past, the sales of domestic pneumatic components to be used for maintenance, in recent years, directly for the main supporting the share of sales increased year by year. The application of domestic pneumatic components, from the value of tens of millions of dollars of metallurgical equipment to only 1 ~ 2 hundred dollars of the chair. Railway turnouts, locomotive wheel track lubrication, train brakes, street sweeping, special workshop lifting equipment, military command vehicles, etc. are used in the development of domestic pneumatic components. This shows that the pneumatic technology has been "penetrated" into all walks of life, and is increasingly expanding. Although China's pneumatic industry has reached a certain scale and technical level, but compared with the international advanced level, the gap is huge. China's pneumatic product output value of only 1.3% of the world's total output value, only 1/21 of the United States, Japan's 1/15, Germany's 1/8. This is very disproportionate to the large country with a population of more than 1 billion people. From the varieties, a Japanese company has 6500 varieties, China has only 1/5 of it. the gap between product performance and quality level is also very large. As more and more pneumatic technology used in various industries of automatic assembly and automatic processing of small parts, special items of equipment, the original traditional pneumatic components performance is constantly improving, while successively developed to meet the market requirements of new products, so that the increasing variety of pneumatic components, the development trend is mainly in the following areas: smaller in size, lighter in weight, lower power consumption. In the electronic components, pharmaceuticals and other manufacturing industries, due to the volume of the processed parts is very small, is bound to limit the size of the pneumatic components, miniaturization, lightweight is the first direction of development of pneumatic components. Foreign countries have developed only the size of a thumb, the effective cross-sectional area of 0.2mm2 ultra-small solenoid valve. Can develop a small form factor and larger flow rate components is more desirable. For this reason, the same dimensions of the valve, the flow rate has been increased by 2 ~ 3.3 times. There is a series of small solenoid valves, the valve body width of only 10mm, the effective area of up to 5mm2; width of 15mm, the effective area of 10mm2 and so on. Foreign solenoid valve power consumption has reached 0.5W, will be further reduced to adapt to the combination of microelectronics. Gas source processing components, most of the domestic and foreign use of the block structure, not only compact size, but also combined, maintenance are very convenient. The positioning accuracy of the actuator is improved, the stiffness is increased, the piston rod does not rotate, more convenient to use. In order to improve the positioning accuracy of cylinders, cylinders with brake mechanism and servo system are becoming more and more common. Cylinders with servo systems can obtain a positioning accuracy of ±0.1mm even if the air supply pressure and load changes. In the international exhibition, a variety of shaped cross-section cylinder and piston rod cylinder is very much, this type of cylinder due to the piston rod will not rotate, applied to the host, without additional guide device can maintain a certain degree of accuracy. In addition, a number of cylinders with a variety of guiding mechanisms have been developed and cylinder sliding components, such as cylinders with two guide rods, double piston rod and double cylinder cylinders. Cylinder cylinder shape is not limited to round, but square, m-shaped or other shapes, in the profile of the guide groove, sensors and switches on the mounting groove, etc., so that the user installation and use more convenient. Multi-functionalization, composite. In order to facilitate the user, to adapt to the needs of the market developed a variety of combinations of pneumatic components by a number of small pneumatic systems and control devices. For example, the component used to move small items is a combination of two pneumatic cylinders with guides according to the X-axis and Z-axis respectively. The component can move 3kg weight, equipped with solenoid valve, programmable controller, compact structure, occupies a small space, the stroke can be adjusted. Another example is a loading and unloading module, there are seven different functions of the module form, can complete the precision assembly line on the loading and unloading operations, according to the content of the work will be different modules of any combination. There is also a manipulator by the shape of a small and can change the swing angle of the swing cylinder and the combination of the chuck, the chuck part of a number of types of collets can be optional. Combined with electronic technology, the use of a large number of sensors, pneumatic components intelligent. Cylinder with a switch has been commonly used in the country, the switch volume will be smaller, higher performance, can be embedded in the cylinder block; some also with a two-color display, can show the position error, so that the system is more reliable. Sensors instead of flow meters, pressure gauges, can automatically control the flow of compressed air, pressure, can save energy and ensure the normal operation of the device. Pneumatic servo positioning system has products into the market. The system uses a three-position five-way pneumatic servo valve, the predetermined positioning target and position sensor detection data for comparison, the implementation of negative feedback control. Cylinder maximum speed of 2m / s, stroke 300mm, the system positioning accuracy of ± 0.1mm. Japan has successfully tested a new type of intelligent solenoid valve, this valve with a sensor with the logic circuit is a combination of pneumatic components and optoelectronic technology products. It can directly accept the sensor's signal, when the signal meets the specified conditions, do not have to pass through the external controller, you can complete the action, to achieve the purpose of control. It has been used in the object conveyor belt, can identify the size of the object to be handled, so that the large parts directly under the delivery, the small parts of the diversion. Higher safety and reliability. As can be seen from the international standards for pneumatic technology in recent years, the standards not only put forward the requirements of interchangeability, but also emphasize the safety. Pipe fittings, air handling shells and other pressure resistance test pressure increased to 4-5 times the use of pressure, pressure resistance time increased to 5-15min, but also in the high and low temperature test. If the implementation of these international standards, the domestic cylinder, end caps, gas source processing castings and pipe joints are difficult to meet the standard requirements. In addition to the pressure test, the structure of certain provisions, such as the transparent shell of the gas source handling the external provisions to add a metal shield. Pneumatic components of many occasions, such as steel mills, textile lines, etc., in the working time can not be interrupted because of the quality of pneumatic components, otherwise it will cause huge losses, so the reliability of the work of pneumatic components is very important. In the marine ship, the use of pneumatic components, but can enter this field of pneumatic components factory is not much, the reason is that its reliability requirements for pneumatic components is particularly high, must be certified by the relevant international machinery. To high-speed, high-frequency, high response, high life direction. In order to improve the productivity of production equipment, improve the working speed of the executive element is imperative. Now China's cylinder working speed is generally below 0.5m/s. According to Japanese experts predict that after five years, most of the cylinder working speed will be increased to 1 ~ 2m / s, some requirements up to 5m / s. Cylinder working speed increases, not only the quality of the cylinder is required to improve, but also on the structure should be improved accordingly, such as the configuration of the hydraulic shock absorber in order to increase the buffer effect, and so on. The response time of the solenoid valve will be less than 10ms, life expectancy increased to more than 50 million times. The United States has a gap seal valve, due to the spool suspended in the valve body, mutual non-contact, without lubrication, life up to 200 million times. Common use of oil-free lubrication technology to meet certain special requirements. Due to environmental pollution and electronic, medical, food and other industry requirements, the environment does not allow oil, so oil-free lubrication is the development trend of pneumatic components, while oil-free lubrication can make the system simplified. The European market has been eliminated in the oil mist products, generally to achieve oil-free lubrication. In addition, in order to meet certain special requirements, deodorization, sterilization and precision filters are constantly being developed, the filtration precision has reached 0.1 ~ 0.3 μm, filtration efficiency has reached 99.9999%. For some special requirements, improve and develop pneumatic products, you can occupy a piece of the market, to obtain a small economic benefits, which has been recognized by everyone ****. Jinan Huaneng pneumatic components company for the railroad grouping and wheel and rail lubrication of the special requirements of the development of cylinders and valves, by the railway department's attention. Use of new materials, combined with new technologies . Foreign countries developed a membrane dryer, the dryer using high-tech reverse osmosis film filtered out the water in the compressed air, energy saving, long life, high reliability, small size, light weight and so on, suitable for occasions where the flow is not large. PTFE as the main body of the composite materials manufactured by the pneumatic seals can be heat-resistant (260 ℃), cold-resistant (-55 ℃) and wear-resistant, the use of its occasions more and more. In order to improve the quality, vacuum die-casting, hydrogen-oxygen explosion deburring and other new technologies are being gradually promoted in the manufacture of pneumatic components. Easy maintenance, repair and use. Foreign countries are studying the use of sensors to achieve pneumatic components and systems with fault prediction and self-diagnosis. From the above direction of development of pneumatic technology can be seen, in the development of pneumatic products we have a lot of work to do. Any pneumatic components factory, even if its size is not large, as long as the breakthrough in one area, and maintain technological leadership, you can occupy a place in the market, in the fierce competition for survival and development.
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