Figure11946-2012 trend chart of comprehensive index of manufacturing industry in various countries.
This chart is calculated by the research group of "Strategic Research on Manufacturing Power" based on the manufacturing evaluation system composed of four first-level indicators and 18 second-level indicators, and reveals the manufacturing strength level of major industrial countries. As can be seen from this picture, China's manufacturing level is far behind the United States, Japan and Germany, and it is at the same level as Britain, France and South Korea. In view of the severe international competition faced by China's manufacturing industry, the country launched the "Made in China 2025" plan. This is the first time that the China government has put forward a ten-year action plan to implement the strategy of strengthening the country. The word "first time" just illustrates the significance of this policy.
Figure 2 Made in China 2025 is China's national strategy.
When students fill in their volunteers, they have to pay attention to the orientation of national policies. To a certain extent, the state relies on policies to govern the country. Policy is the baton of economic development. Without paying attention to the orientation of national policies, how can we know what industries have prospects and what industries are growing and declining? We must understand one thing, that is, the setting of university majors, the arrangement of enrollment plans and even the curriculum are still stuck in the rigid thinking of planned economy. Our university can't eliminate the surplus majors in time according to the change of economic situation and the prospect of industrial development (I will elaborate on this issue later). Therefore, we must firmly grasp the trend pointed by national policies. So how do you fill in the volunteers in Made in China 2025? Next, please listen to my analysis.
What is the content of Made in China 2025?
Miao Wei, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, summarized the contents of Made in China 2025 with "1234550".
The so-called "one" is a goal. We should change from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power, and finally realize one of our goals of manufacturing power.
The so-called "two" is to achieve this goal through the integration and development of industrialization and modernization. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to lead and drive the development of the whole manufacturing industry with the deep integration of informationization and industrialization, which is also a commanding height of our manufacturing industry.
The so-called "three" is a "three-step" strategy, and each step takes about ten years to realize our goal of transforming from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power.
The so-called "four" means that we have determined four principles. The first principle is market-led and government-guided. The second principle is based on the present and long-term. The third principle is all-round promotion and key breakthroughs. The fourth principle is independent development and win-win cooperation.
The so-called "five-five" has two fives. First of all, there are five principles, namely, innovation-driven, quality first, green development, structural optimization and talent-oriented. The other five are five major projects. First, the construction project of manufacturing innovation center; The second is to strengthen foundation engineering, which we call strong foundation engineering; The third is intelligent manufacturing engineering; The fourth is the green manufacturing project; The fifth is the high-end equipment innovation project.
Finally, there are the following ten areas.
Figure 3 Ten Key Development Areas Proposed by Made in China 2025
In addition, the fourth industrial revolution can not be ignored. The fourth industrial revolution is a brand-new technological revolution represented by 3D printing, Internet industrialization, industrial intelligence and industrial integration, and led by artificial intelligence, clean energy, unmanned control technology, quantum information technology, virtual reality and biotechnology. The proposal of "Made in China 2025" is largely to seize the technological highland of the fourth industrial revolution.
Interpretation of the relationship between Made in China 2025 and first-class engineering disciplines
What are the first-level disciplines of engineering that are suitable for Made in China 2025? I chose 12 as a reference. It is not that other first-class engineering courses have nothing to do with the content of Made in China 2025, but that this 12 major is closely related to Made in China 2025.
Serial number First-level discipline name Optional employment field
1 Computer Science and Technology Intelligent Manufacturing, Big Data, Next Generation Information Technology, Biomedical Engineering, Aerospace Equipment
Control science and engineering intelligent manufacturing, high-end CNC machine tools and robots, marine engineering equipment and high-tech ships, biomedical engineering, aerospace equipment.
Information and communication engineering, intelligent manufacturing, new generation information and communication technology, new materials, biomedical engineering, aerospace technology.
Electronic science and technology, intelligent manufacturing, new generation information technology (high-end integrated circuit chips)
5 software engineering intelligent manufacturing
Mechanical engineering intelligent manufacturing, new materials, high-grade CNC machine tools and robots, biomedicine and high-performance medical devices, aerospace equipment.
7. Ships and marine engineering, marine engineering equipment and high-tech ships
Biomedical engineering biomedical and high-performance medical equipment
9. Advanced rail transportation engineering equipment
10 agricultural engineering agricultural machinery and equipment
1 1 space science and technology space equipment
12 materials science and engineering intelligent manufacturing, new materials, biomedicine and high-performance medical devices, aerospace equipment
Remarks: In the field of new energy, only a few universities offer new energy science and engineering, nuclear engineering and nuclear technology and other related majors during the undergraduate period.
Information technology has a bright future.
Take the modern information technology with chip as the core, represented by integrated circuit, as an example. A chip is the brain of a smart device. Without powerful high-end chips, there would be no rapid development in artificial intelligence and other fields. China spent more than $210 billion a year on imported chips, becoming the largest foreign exchange field for single product import, even exceeding the foreign exchange used for the whole oil import. The weak manufacturing capability of high-end chips has formed the biggest bottleneck for the development of the whole electronic information industry in China. Reading Made in China 2025, we found that under the background of intelligent industrial system, information technology is not only the key development field of Made in China 2025, but also permeates every major development goal and key development field of Made in China 2025, and other engineering disciplines are increasingly closely related to information technology. In the process of building a manufacturing power, the discipline of information technology will be of great use.
There are four first-class disciplines in the information field, namely electronic science and technology, information and communication engineering, control science and engineering, and computer science and technology. I think the related majors of these four disciplines should be the focus of science candidates.
It is worth mentioning that if your child wants to learn information technology, it is also a better choice to choose "two postal services and two telecommunications". Two postal services refer to the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (in Chengdu, referred to as "Chengdian" and "Electronic Science and Technology University"), xidian university (in An, referred to as "Xidian"), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (in Beijing, referred to as "Beiyou") and Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (in Nanjing, referred to as "Nanyou").
20 17 evaluation results of the discipline of "two electricity and one post" of the Ministry of Education
Subject serial number, subject name, and national ranking of subject evaluation by the Ministry of Education
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China xidian university North Post and South Post
Electronic Science and Technology A+A+A-B+
8 10 information and communication engineering A+AA+B+
8 1 1 control science and engineering BB+B-B+
8 12 computer science and technology AA-AB-
These four universities are among the best in the evaluation ranking of information technology disciplines of the Ministry of Education. "Two postal services and two electricity services" is an important base for training IT talents in China and enjoys a high reputation in the information technology industry.
Here, I want to make it clear that the subject ranking data you want to refer to is based on the results of the fourth round of national subject evaluation published by the Center for Degree and Postgraduate Education Development of the Ministry of Education on February 28, 20 17. The evaluation * * * has 7449 subjects from 5 13 units. The evaluation results are authoritative and much more credible than the online rankings. I also want to give some advice to my parents and friends: try to use official data as a reference. As an administrative department, the Ministry of Education and other official institutions have strong data acquisition and analysis capabilities, which is an advantage that ordinary commercial websites do not have.
High-end equipment manufacturing needs the strong support of related engineering and technical disciplines.
The core technologies of aircraft engines and gas turbines are still unknown in China. Therefore, Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, pointed out that through the release and implementation of Made in China 2025, a major breakthrough should be made in the high-end equipment manufacturing industry, leading and driving the development of the whole new round of manufacturing industry in China. The development of high-end equipment manufacturing industry is inseparable from the support of mechanical engineering, aerospace science and technology, transportation engineering, ship and ocean engineering, biomedical engineering, agricultural engineering and other disciplines.
Through the interpretation of Made in China 2025, we have a strong feeling that your child may not be able to attend a prestigious school, but choosing a major related to the first-level discipline in the above table, especially the top-ranked discipline in the table, is also a big advantage for future employment.
If your child can attend a prestigious school, it is also a good choice to choose these first-level disciplines and related majors. These disciplines are in line with the development trend of China's manufacturing industry and industrial revolution, and have good application prospects.