The Qiantang River is one of the major rivers in China's southeastern coastal region and the largest river in Zhejiang Province. Because the river twists and turns in the shape of a "zigzag" near Hangzhou, it is also known as the River, the Qujiang River, and Zhejiang.
Qiantang River originated in Anhui Province, Xiuning County, the tip of the Qingzhidai, to Hangzhou gate river length of 484km (216.5km in Zhejiang Province). Basin area of about 42,200km2, about 3.56 million km2 in Zhejiang Province, the rest belongs to Anhui, Fujian and Jiangxi Provinces. The main tributaries of Qiantang River are Wuxi River, Jinhua River, Xin'an River, Banshui River, Puyang River and so on. Each section of the main stream has a different name. From its origin to Quzhou, there are Jiangshan Harbor and Wuxi River converging, called Qu River; to Lanxi City, there is Jinhua River converging, called Lanxi River; to Meicheng and the main tributaries of the Xin'an River converging into the main stream, called Tong River; Tonglu below the Fuchun River; Wujiayan below the beginning of the name of the Qiantang River. The average annual runoff of the Qiantang River is 40.4 billion m3, and the sand content is very small, averaging 5‰.
[edit]Composition of the water system
The Qiantang River is a winding river, the upper reaches of the mountain streams. The bundles and releases are interspersed; the middle reaches are hilly; the lower reaches are in the shape of a trumpet outside the mouth of the river, and the mouth of the river gradually widens. The main tributaries are Wuxi River, Wujiang River, Xin'an River, Banshui River, Puyangting, Cao'e River and so on.
(1) Wuxi River: the source of the eastern mountains of Pucheng County, Fujian Province. It flows eastward through the northwestern part of Longquan County, Zhejiang Province, and enters the Qu River at Zhangtan Town, Qu County. The runoff is 150km long, with a watershed area of 2,590km2. The average annual runoff is 3,076 million m3, and the natural difference is 802m. The water energy reserve is 18.38 million kW. The river is developed, and the main tributaries are Zhou Gongyuan, Hushanyuan, and so on.
(2) Xin'anjiang River; source of Anhui Province, the southwest foot of Huangshan Mountain. Southwest flow through Shexian, Huining County, in Huangshan City, Linxi Town, after the rate of convergence of the water began to be called the Xin'an River. Zigzag southeast flow to the east. By the southern border of Anhui Province. Chunan County, Zhejiang Province and other counties, through the Xin'anjiang River reservoir, southwest of the city of Jiande, in the town of Meicheng east of the convergence of the Lanjiang River water system, the east flow called the Fuchun River. The total length of the main stream is 261km, with a watershed area of 11772km2, and the average flow rate in Anhui Province is 166m3/s. The total natural drop is 1240m, and the theoretical water energy reserve is 55.2 millionkW. The main tributaries are Shouchang River, Dongyuan River, Fengle River, Wuqiang Creek, Chang Creek, and Xiuning River, etc. The Xin'an River is a mountain stream with a constant stream flow, and it is a mountain stream with a constant stream flow. Xin'an River is a mountain stream perennial river with low sand content and clear bottom. Before the Xin'an River hydropower station was built, the riverbed had a large specific drop, and there were many canyons and dangerous beaches along the river. After the construction of the power station, an area of 580km2 of Xin'an River reservoir (also known as Qiandao Lake) was formed below Zijintan. After the completion of Fuchun River Hydropower Station, the backwater of Fuchun River Reservoir has reached Yangxi. The water level of Meicheng is stabilized between 22-23,5m. The rapids below Zijintan have disappeared, and 50t cargo ships and 200 passenger ships can reach Baisha from Meicheng. Flooding by the Xin'anjiang River hydropower station storage control, the maximum flow rate of 13200m3 / s.
(3) Puyang River: the source of Pujiang County, Danyuan Bay, flowing through the Zhuji City, Shaoxing City, north, in Xiaoshan City, Wenyan Town near the injection into the Qiantang River. The total length of 50km. watershed area of 3431km2. years of average annual runoff 2.46 billion m3. upstream river width 22-75m, downstream river width of 80-120m. the main tributaries are the Dachen River, Kaihua River, Fengqiao River. There are 1037 small and medium-sized reservoirs in the upper reaches of the river, such as Anhua, Qingshan, Shibi, etc. The total reservoir capacity is 3.1 billion meters. The total reservoir capacity of 3.1 billion m3; the middle reaches of the high lake floodgate; downstream cut off the bend, digging a new river, irrigated area of 230,000 mu.
(4) wujiang: also known as jinhua river, and stream. The upper source by the dongyang river, wuyi river flow to jinhua city convergence and become. The main stream along the Jinhua city and Wuyi county border (boundary river) northeast flow, to the northwest suburb of Lanxi city people Lanjiang. In the flow of 33kin. 179km from the source of the river, the basin area of 6551km2, the average flow rate of 153.4m3 / s. Annual runoff 5.3 billion m3. Natural fall 458m, the theoretical reserves of hydraulic energy 2.37 million kW. possible development of the installed capacity of 3.75 million kW.
(5) Fenshui River: the source of Tianmu Creek, the source of the Jixi Jingzhou County, Anhui Province, near the mountains, flowing east through the Tianmu Creek. Near the mountainous area, the east flow through the Tianmu Mountain Canyon into Lin'an County, Zhejiang Province. The main river bends to the south and is called Danxi. South of the cheek of the mouth of the stream, over the town of Changhua called Tianri Stream. To Tonglu County began to name the Banshui River. South into the Fuchun River, a total length of 174km, of which 11.6km in Anhui Province, with a total watershed area of 3430km3. The average annual runoff of 3.13 billion m3. 1142m. 1142m. 1142m. Theoretical reserves of hydraulic energy) 0.07 million kW. 2 hydropower stations have been built in the watershed, with a total installed capacity of 0.75 million kW. 8 major tributaries have all the creeks, eleven creeks, and so on.
(6) Cao'e River: originating from the southeast foot of Dapanshan Mountain in the Tiantai Mountain Range in the east of Pan'an County, it passes through the northwest of Xinchang County to Sheng County, accepting the tributaries on the left and right coasts, and then passes through Shangyu County to the east of Shaoxing City, where it passes through Hangzhou Bay. With a total length of 192km and a watershed area of 5,922km2, the average annual runoff is 4.53 billion m3, and the natural difference is 515m. The theoretical reserves of water energy is 19.6 million kW, and the basin is mountainous, with a well-developed water system, and major tributaries include Xinchang River, Changle River, Xiao Shunjiang River, and Huangze River, etc. The river is also a major tributary of the Yangtze River.
[Edit]Natural Characteristics of the Basin
The Qiantang River Basin, near the southeast coast of China, is located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with an average temperature of 17C, the weather is dry; in summer, more southeasterly winds, high temperatures, strong sunshine, humid air; cyclone activity in spring and autumn are frequent, with large changes in warmth and cold. There are many frontal rains in spring and early summer, and many typhoons in summer and fall. The direction of the monsoon circulation is basically orthogonal to the direction of the major mountain ranges, which play a role in blocking the cold currents and typhoons from the north. The average annual precipitation is 1600mm, of which 50% is rainy from April to June, prone to flooding and waterlogging; 20% from July to September, with frequent early disasters. River runoff within the year, inter-annual changes. Such as the Fuchun River Lutzbu station (control area of 31,700km2) measured abundance of annual runoff ratio of 5:1.
[Edit paragraph] River governance and development
Qiantang River Haidang is a great ancient architecture in China. It is presumed that the 8th century 70's near Hangzhou has been constructed with soil sea ponds to protect the tide.In the early 10th century, Hangzhou near the construction of the defense of the sea ponds for the beginning of the stone sea ponds; the Qing Dynasty Kangxi, Qianlong years to further develop for the fish scale large stone ponds, along the present day. Qiantang River estuary remediation began in the 1X century. 1747 in the estuary of the ochre mountain and Hezhuang mountain between the excavation of the small door, trying to use this for the center, to stabilize the river between the two mountains, but soon silted up again. After the founding of New China, it began to comprehensively manage the water and drought disasters of the Qiantang River, and vigorously develop the water energy resources. It has built 319kin river dykes, 403km sea ponds, 42 large and medium-sized reservoirs with a capacity of more than 10 million m3, with a total capacity of 28.5 billion m3. It has built more than 1,000 large and medium-sized hydroelectric power stations such as Xin'anjiang River, Fuchunjiang River, Hunan Town, Huangtankou, Maple Ridge, Qingshan Temple and other small hydroelectric power stations, with a total installed capacity of more than 1.3 million kW. Existing hydraulic facilities can be irrigated in - - general drought years. --The existing water conservancy facilities can irrigate 410,000hm2 of farmland in general drought years, and the river dykes and sea ponds constructed can withstand the flood level of one in 10 to 20 years and the storm surge of Grade 10 Taiwan. In the estuary area through the construction of / hectare dike, throw the construction of diba group combined with reclamation to stabilize the river. more than 30 years *** counted 1 million acres of paddy. Yanguan above the river width has been fixed in 1 ~ 2.5km between the river has been stabilized, Zhakou to cangqian section of the river bottom brush depth of 1-1.5m, can be waiting for the tide traveling 100-200t class ships. In addition, in Hangzhou, the completion of 300t-class ships through the Sanbao locks, communicating the Qiantang River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal shipping. Tourism also has a large development, opened up the Xin'an River, a Fuchun River scenic excursion area.
Based on the natural conditions, water resources and socio-economic characteristics of the Qiantang River, the development of the trunk and tributaries of the main power generation, flood control, irrigation, navigation, water supply, fisheries benefits.
The total water resources of the basin force 38.9 billion m3 theoretical reserves of hydraulic energy 262.84 million kW (including Anhui 47.74 million kW). Possible development of the installed capacity of 2.014 million kW, the annual power generation of 6.038 billion kW-h. Completed hydroelectric power stations (including one in Anhui), the installed capacity of 146.51 million kW, the annual power generation of 4.338 billion kW-h, of which Xin'anjiang River, the Fuchunjiang River, the Huangtankou, Hunan Town, the Xiakou five hydroelectric power stations, installed capacity of 1.201.7 million kW, the annual power generation of 3.556 billion kW-h, the annual power generation of 3.556 billion kW-h. 3.556 billion kW-h, all accounted for 82%,
Undeveloped hydropower stations are mostly concentrated in the high mountainous tributaries, these hydropower stations have small reservoirs, low energy indicators, installed capacity are less than 50,000kW In the future development of the Qiantang River, the main stream should be built mainly shipping combined with the power generation of low head run-off hydropower stations; in the first level of tributaries to select a number of topography, geological conditions, the development of superior conditions of the Hydraulic hubs; study the expansion of established hydropower stations such as the Xin'an River, the possibility of installing pumped storage units and economic rationality, in order to give full play to the role of the established hydropower stations.
[edit]Basin Tourism Resources
The two banks of the Qiantang River are extremely rich in tourism resources, and it is the most important tourism line in the province. The Qiantang River originates from the tip of Qingzhidai in the Huangshan area of southern Anhui, flows through 14 counties and cities, and injects into Hangzhou Bay. The Tong River and Fuchun River sections are collectively known as the Fuchun River because of their excellent scenery. Wenjiayan below the mouth of the river is called the Qiantang River, this section of the waterway appearance of the twists and turns, shaped like the reverse of the word "zhi", West Lake is exactly the opposite of the "zhi" on the point, so it is called the river. The present abundance of Qiantang River or the river is called the whole river. The mouth of the Qiantang River is a huge trumpet, the mouth of Hangzhou Bay, north and south of the distance between the two sides of about 100 kilometers, to the mouth of the Qiantang River narrowed to 20 kilometers, and then up to the Haining Yanguan, only 2.5 kilometers. The longitudinal profile of the riverbed is characterized by a huge Shakan uplift, which starts from Zhapu and rises upward with a slope of 1.5/10,000, reaches its apex near Cangqian, and then extends to Wenyan with an inverted slope of 0.6/10,000. This section of the river is affected by the narrowing of the river surface and the rising of the riverbed, and the tidal wave breaks up and surges, forming the world's wonders, "Qiantang River Tide". The dry tributaries of the Qiantang River have a long history of development, and there are many famous mountains, beautiful water, strange caves and monuments along the banks of the river. In this vast Qiantang River basin, rich in specialties, people, local customs, rich and interesting, known as the "Golden Tourism Belt".
[Edit Paragraph]Qiantang River Tide
Qiantang Tide (Qiantang Tide) - the most spectacular tide
Introduction
China's history, the most famous surge tide has three places: Shandong Qingzhou surge tide, Guangling Tao and Qiantang tide.
Qing Fei Molasses Juan (1664-? The Guangling Tide Defense of Fei Molasses Juan (1664-???) said, "In the Spring and Autumn Period, the tide flourished in Shandong, and it flourished in Guangling in the Han Dynasty and the Sixth Dynasty. After the Tang and Song Dynasty, the tide is prevalent in Zhejiang, cover the earth's gas from the north to the south, there are really know what it is".
Qiantang tide than Guangling Tao appeared a little later, at the latest in the Eastern Han Dynasty has been formed. Wang Chong, "on the balance - book virtual chapter" mentioned "Zhejiang, Shanyin River, Shangyu River all have Tao". He also said that at that time, Qian Tang and Zhejiang "all set up the temple of Zixu, in order to comfort their hatred and stop their violent waves". However, Wang Chong only said that "Guangling Qujiang have waves, the literati endowed", did not say endowed Qiantang River tide. Visible, the Eastern Han Dynasty, Qiantang tide is far from the famous Guangling Tao. Estimated that, at that time, the formation of Qiantang tide watching custom.
Qiantang River tide causes
Magnificent and spectacular Qiantang River tide causes in addition to the moon, the sun gravitational influence, but also with the mouth of the Qiantang River is like a trumpet shape. Qiantang Jiangnan Gangnam Ochishan east of nearly 500,000 acres of reclaimed land like a peninsula like blocking the mouth of the river, so that the Qiantang River Ochishan to the outside of the twelve work section is like a bottle with a big belly and a small mouth, the tide is easy to enter and difficult to retreat, Hangzhou Bay, the outside of the mouth as wide as 100 kilometers to the outside of the twelve work section of the width of only a few kilometers, the river mouth of the eastern section of the riverbed and the sudden rise of the beach high and shallow, when the large number of tides from the mouth of the Qiantang River when the tide came in, due to the river surface rapidly narrowed so that the tide could not make it in time! Rise evenly, it had to push the front wave, the front wave can not run fast, the back wave to catch up, layer upon layer. Secondly, it is also related to the Qiantang River underwater more sedimentary sand, these sedimentary sand on the tide to block and friction effect, so that the tide before the slope becomes steeper, slows down, thus forming a wave to catch up with the previous wave, a wave stacked a wave, a wave of a high surge tide.
[edit]Story of Qiantang Tide
Originally, when the tide of the Qiantang River came, like the tides of other places, there was neither a tide nor a sound.
One year, a giant came to the Qiantang River, a giant so tall that he crossed from this side of the river to the other side of the river with a single step. He lived on Shushan Mountain in Xiaoshan County and drew fire to the salt. People didn't know what his name was because he lived by the Qiantang River, so they called him King Qian. Qian Da Wang is very strong, he played his own iron stretcher, often picking some big stones to put on the riverside, not long, piled up a mountain.
One day, he went to pick up the salt he had burned on Mount Shu for three years and three months. But the salt was only enough for one end of his load, so he tied a boulder to the other end of his stretcher, put it on his shoulder to try it out, and picked it up, crossing to the north bank of the river.
At this time, the weather is hot, the money king because just after lunch, some tired, then put down the burden to rest, did not expect to doze off. Coincidentally, the Dragon King of the East China Sea at this time came out to patrol the river, the tide rose. Rise and rise, even rose to the shore, the money king of this head of salt slowly dissolved. Dragon King of the East China Sea smell, the water where this salty ah, and more and more salty, more and more salty. He couldn't stand it and fled, but he didn't think of escaping to the ocean, which made all the water salty. The money king, sleep, two eyes open, saw the flat stretcher at one end of the stone is still placed in the Kip Shi (is now the name of the Kip Shi Mountain), while the other end of the salt is no longer!
Chinese king looking around, can not find salt, a low head, smell the river has a salty flavor, he thought: Oh, no wonder the salt is not there, the original was stolen by the Dragon King of the East China Sea. So he lifted the stretcher to hit the sea water. A stretcher hit the size of the fish are shocked to death; two stretcher hit the bottom of the river turned over; three stretcher hit the Dragon King of the East China Sea emerged from the water to beg for mercy.
The Dragon King of the East China Sea trembled and asked the Qian Da Wang why he was so angry. The Great King of Money said, "What have you stolen my salt to?" The Dragon King of the East Sea then realized the reason why the sea water had become salty. He hastened to make amends, and told him how he had been patrolling the river, and how he had inadvertently dissolved King Qian's salt, making the water of the ocean salty.
Qian Da Wang heart so angry ah, really want to lift up the iron stretcher, once the East China Sea Dragon King smashed to be satisfied. East China Sea Dragon King panicked and kowtowed to beg for forgiveness, and promised to use seawater to make salt to compensate for the money king; the future high tide will be called up, so that the money king fell asleep again can not be heard. The king heard these two conditions are not bad, so he spared the Dragon King of the East China Sea, put his own flat burden to the mouth of Hangzhou Bay, said: "In the future, the tide will come from here to call up!" The Dragon King of the East China Sea promised again and again, and only then did the Great King of Qian leave happily.
From that time on, once the tide entered Hangzhou Bay, it stretched out its neck and shouted "wow wow wow wow wow", and when it came to the place where King Qian sat, its neck stretched out high and shouted loudly. This place is now Haining. The world-famous "Qianjiang River tide" is how it came about.
[Edit]Characteristics of the Qiantang Tide
Cross Tide
55 kilometers from Hangzhou Bay, there is a place called Big Gap, which is an excellent place to watch the cross tide. Due to long-term siltation, a sandbar is formed in the river, which divides the tide coming from Hangzhou Bay into two streams, namely, the east tide and the south tide, and the two streams of tide, after rounding the sandbar, cross each other like two brothers, forming the ever-changing, spectacular and unusual cross-tide, presenting the spectacular scene of "thunder gathering on the surface of the sea, and waterfalls across the heart of the river". The two tides in the moment of collision, stirring up a column of water, up to several feet high, splashing waves, thrilling. To the water column back to the river, the two tides have been shown in the form of a cross on the river, and quickly to the west Mercedes. At the same time the cross point like an avalanche quickly shifted toward the north, crashed into the smooth straight sea pond, stirred up a huge splash, fell to the top of the pond, scared the tide watchers have screamed to avoid.
The first line of the tide
After seeing the cross tide of the big gap, we suggest you drive to Yanguan and wait for the first line of the tide. Before you see the shadow of the tide, you will hear the sound of the tide. There is a loud rumbling in your ears, but the river is still calm. The sound is getting louder and louder, as if beating ten thousand war drums, deafening. In the distance, the foggy river appeared a white line, quickly moving west, as if "practice across the river, diffuse white rainbow from the sand". Closer, the white line becomes a wall of water, gradually rising, "I want to know how high the tide is, the mountains across the waves". With a wall of white wall of rapid forward movement, the surge of tide came to the front of the eyes, with the momentum of ten thousand horses galloping, thunderous force, sharp.
A line of tide is not only Yanguan. Where the river is straight, there is no Shazhou place, the tide is a line, but are not as good as Yanguan. The reason is that the salt official position and the width of the trough to the upper reaches of the sharp contraction after a short distance, east and south of the two tides just after the meeting into a straight line, the tide can be concentrated, the tide is particularly high, usually 1-2 meters, sometimes up to more than 3 meters. The momentum is magnificent, the tide scene is spectacular.
Turning back tide
From Yanguan upstream tide, will arrive at the next tide spot old salt warehouse. The geography of the old salt warehouse is different from the dry Yanguan, Yanguan river channel straight, the surge of tide unimpeded to the west, while the old salt warehouse of the river, out of reclamation and protection of the need for sea ponds, there is a 660-meter-long barrage ding dam, roaring tide encountered obstacles will be reflecting back, where it violently hit the opposite side of the dyke, and then with the momentum of the Tarzan pressure roll back to the west into the rapids, the formation of a row of "snow mountain", wind speed back to the east, sound like a lion's roar, shocking, this is the tide back.
Qiantang River tide, the daytime has a day of magnificent momentum, the night has a night of poetry; see the tide is a fun, listening to the tide is a kind of reverie. No wonder some people say "Qiantang Guo Li tide watchers, until the white head to see insufficient."
[Edit Paragraph]Qiantang tide guide
"August 18 tide, spectacular world no." This is the Northern Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo praised the Qiantang autumn tide of the ancient famous line. For thousands of years, the Qiantang River has attracted many tourists with its strange and outstanding tides.
Every year around the 18th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar is the best time to watch the tide. During this period, the autumn sun, golden wind pleasant, the Qiantang River mouth of the sea pond, tourists gathered, excited, to see the spectacle. There are three best locations for viewing the Qiantang Autumn Tide. Haining County, Yanguan Town, southeast of a section of the sea pond for the first best point. The tide here is the most abundant, and to QiLi line as a characteristic, so there is "Haining Pagoda a line tide" reputation. Tide at the beginning of the day, the sky flashed a white train across the river, accompanied by a rumbling sound, like the sky muffled rolling thunder. Tide from far and near, speeding. Like a group of white swans lined up in a line, ten thousand heads, wings fly. Tide push embracing, sound gradually stronger, in a moment, white practice like tide peaks run to the front, towering a three or four-meter-high wall of water standing upright in the river, pouring waves, spraying beads and splashing jade, the potential for ten thousand galloping horses. Tide surging to the sea pond, more 9-meter-high tide peaks, really "monstrous waves row air to come, overturning the mountain for the destruction!" This cluster of sound swallowed ten thousand music radial flower, its spectacular scenery, its power, it is said that one year, had a one-ton heavy "ZhenHaiXiongShi" washed out more than 100 meters away. When the tide stirred up a huge echo, the tide and frankly fly away. Someone wrote: "the tide comes to splash the snow common floating sky, the tide goes to run thunder and silence", very accurate depiction of the tide to the spectacular scene.
At the second best spot for tide-watching, Bapu, 8 kilometers east of Yanguan Town, you can see the spectacle of the tides colliding. After the tide rises into the mouth of the river, because of the difference in terrain between the north and south sides, the tide speed south fast and north slow, the tide is gradually divided into two sections. Progress of the south section of the fast known as the south tide; delayed before the north section of the tide, in the view of the north shore tide watchers, is from the east, so called the east tide. When the south tide to the south shore was swung back, turn around to the north to surge, just with the late arrival of the east tide collided with a full embrace. In the blink of an eye, a loud noise, like a landslide, the river towering thousands of snow peaks, really frightening!
In the third tide of the good point - Yanguan town 12 kilometers west of the old salt warehouse, you can enjoy the "back to the tide". Here, there is a 9-meter-high, 650-meter-long "dingzhi dam" plunged into the heart of the river, like a huge arm to save the tide. Tide to this point, the momentum has been slightly reduced, but rushed to the head of the d-shaped dam, still like ten thousand lions roar and leap up, the waves are heavy. Then the tide turned, back to the pond shore, straight to the top of the pond tide people. The sudden attack of this return tide, often make the tide watchers unprepared, fleeing from the state of shock.
In addition, Haining tide watching there are day and night. Daytime tide watching, wide field of vision, a panoramic view of the tide, since it is very interesting. And the moon in the sky when watching the night tide, but also has its own wonderful. In recent years, the Qiantang River tidal wave rolled people accidents occur from time to time. One of them is about 16:30 on August 2, 2007, Hangzhou City, Jianggan District, Shimosa seven Fort 1 Ding Zi Dam near the waters of a more than 30 people were swept away by the tide of the incident caused 11 deaths.
[edit]History of Qiantang Tide
Watching the Qiantang Autumn Tide has become a trend as early as the Han, Wei, and Six Dynasties, and became more prevalent in the Tang and Song dynasties. According to legend, August 18th of the lunar calendar is the birthday of the god of tide, so the tide peak is the highest. The court of the Southern Song Dynasty once stipulated that this day on the Qiantang River to review the sailors, and later became a custom, so it became a tide festival. The Northern Song poet Pan Lang has a poem wrote:
Long remember the tide, full of Guo people compete on the river look.
The sea was empty, and the drums were beating.
The tide is rising, and the red flag is not wet.
There are a few things that I would like to see in a dream, but I'm not sure if it's a dream that I want to see.
This poem is a true portrayal of the activities of "making a tide" and "watching the tide".
[Editorial] The Qiantang Tide
Why is the Qiantang Autumn Tide so spectacular and so punctual?
This is a question that comes naturally to the minds of many people. In this regard, there is a legend that says: during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a state of Wu in the matter of present-day Jiangsu and Anhui, and King Fu-chai of Wu defeated the state of Yue in the area of present-day Zhejiang. King Goujian of Yue ostensibly submitted to the state of Wu, but secretly, he was lying down and preparing for the restoration of his state. This was detected by Wu Zixu, a minister of Wu, who repeatedly persuaded the king of Wu to kill Goujian. As a result, the king of Wu was slandered by some treacherous ministers, and Wu Zixu was denigrated. Instead, the king of Wu gave Wu Zixu a sword to cut his own throat, boiled his body, put it into a leather bag and threw it into the Qiantang River. Nine years after Wu Zixu's death, King Goujian of Yue, under the planning of his great physician, Wen Qi, did destroy Wu. However, the king of Yue believed the rumors and forced Wen to kill himself with his sword. Although Wu Zixu and Wen Zi, the two enemies of the state, lived on both sides of the Qiantang River, each protecting their own masters, they ended up in the same place, with the same hatred. Their hatred was transformed into a huge wave of rage in Qiantang.
Of course, the legend is just a legend. The reason why the autumn tide of Qiantang is so prosperous is mainly due to its unique geographical conditions.
Qiantang River outside Hangzhou Bay, wide outside and narrow inside, deep outside and shallow inside, is a very typical trumpet-shaped bay. The mouth of the river is as wide as 100 kilometers, west to Placebo, the river plummeted to 20 kilometers. To Haining Yanguan town area, the river is only 3 kilometers wide. When the tide, wide and deep bay mouth, swallowed into a large number of seawater at once, as the river surface quickly shrinks narrow and shallow, take the way up the tide can not be evenly rising, they are the back wave pushed the front wave, a wave more than a high wave. To the large folder near the mountain, and meet the huge underwater barrage sand dam, the tide swarmed up, lifting the towering amazing huge waves, forming a steep wall of water, brewed into the early peak of the tide.
Are all trumpet-shaped bays capable of producing a surge?
The answer is no. Haining big tide formation, there are some other reasons. Zhejiang coastal area, summer and autumn, the southeast wind prevails, the wind direction and tide surge direction is roughly the same, the wind helps the tide, pushing the wave; tide wave propagation in deep water fast, slow in shallow water, the Qiantang River from deep to shallow features are extremely prominent, this special conditions, can make the back of the wave will soon catch up with the front wave, layers of waves superimposed on each other to form a tidal head. In addition, the tide surge is also related to the gravitational force of the moon and the sun. The Eastern Han thinker Wang Chong said in the "On the balance": "the rise of the waves also, with the moon bloom and decline, small and large full loss is not the same." Because in the lunar calendar around the first and fifteenth of each month, the sun, the moon and the earth aligned in a line, the sun and the moon's gravitational pull together to attract the sea water on the surface of the earth, so the first and fifteenth of each month, the tides are particularly large, and around the 18th of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, the earth is the closest to the sun in the year, gravity is the largest time, this time the emergence of the surging tide, naturally, also the most violent.
Some people have asked whether the Qiantang fall tide will produce changes.
In fact, to put it mildly, the autumn tide in Qiantang is always in a state of flux. As the tide's peak location changes, so do people's tide-watching points. In the Song Dynasty, the tide point was at right angles to the river above Hangzhou. After the Ming Dynasty, Haining Yanguan town near the left began to become a tide watching resort. Modern changes in the river and the sea, the most prosperous tide had moved west of Toupeng, and in recent years there is a trend of eastward eight Fort. And the most concern, is the 1985 Qiantang autumn tide of the phenomenon of decline.
The eighteenth day of the eighth lunar calendar in 1985, as a rule, is the tide of the auspicious day, this day, more than a dozen travelers to the town of Yanguan tide. However, the tide comes, only see a very thin very thin line of money, slowly approaching, the silver line, the closer the more even not line to the near, only a piece of waves, surge height of only 50 to 60 centimeters, so that the tide watchers were greatly disappointed. Some people worry that the Qiantang autumn tide disappeared.
In fact, the Qiantang Autumn Tide River has not disappeared, but, let a person is not without worry is that, in the past decade, the autumn tide is indeed gradually weakened. And the 1985 performance is particularly prominent. According to the analysis of the people concerned, the main reason is in placebo west of the sea has accumulated reclamation of 800,000 acres of mudflats, so that the eight fort above the narrowing of the river, resulting in a reduction in the amount of incoming tides, the riverbed elevated. Coupled with the 1985 rainy season, the Qiantang River flow than the average number of years reduced by 1 / 3, the scouring of sediment greatly weakened. A large amount of sediment brought up by the tidal wave silted up in the river surface along the Tsimshatsui, thickening the siltation in this area, forcing the main line of the river to move south. In this way, when the tide into the qiantang river, only mention fold to the south against the current. As the flow path lengthened, the tide of energy consumption is too large, when the tide reached the town of Yanguan, has been "exhausted", became "the end of the crossbow".
Accordingly, the people concerned know, because the whole of Hangzhou Bay trumpet shape has not changed, so the tide of the Qiantang River will not disappear. But as the river channel narrows year by year, the meeting point of the Qiantang tide will gradually move eastward. In the future, the best point to watch the tide, the north bank in the Yanguan town east of Dingqiao to ten Fort area; the south bank in Hangzhou Xiaoshan County Reclamation seventeen work section.
[edit]Qiantang tide literature
Zhejiang ② tide, the world's great view. Since both hope to eighteen days ③ for the abundance. Fang its far out of the sea door ④, only as silver thread ⑤; both and gradually approaching, is the Yucheng Xueling inter-sky ⑥, loud as thunder, shocking shooting, swallowing the sky and the sun ⑦, the potential is extremely majestic. Yang Chengzhai poem "sea surging silver for Guo, the river across the jade system waist" is also ⑧.
Notes: ① excerpted from the "Old Story of Wulin" (Zhejiang People's Publishing House, 1984 edition) Volume III, slightly abridged. Zhou Mi (1232-1298), the word Gongzhi, Song Dynasty Huzhou (now Zhejiang Huzhou) people. ② [Zhejiang] is the Qiantang River. ③ [Since both hope to the eighteenth day] from the sixteenth to the eighteenth day of the lunar calendar (August). The 16th day of the lunar calendar (the 15th day of the lunar month is called Wang). ④ [Fang its far out of the sea door] when the tide is far from the mouth of Zhejiang surging up. Fang, when ...... time. Its, refers to the tide. Out, hair, up. Haimen (海门), the entrance to the sea of Zhejiang, where the mountains on both sides face each other. ⑤ [Only as a silver line] is almost like a (horizontally drawn) silver-white line. Only, almost, nearly. ⑥[玉城雪岭际天而来]玉城雪岭一般的潮水连天涌来. Jade City and Snowy Mountain describes the foaming tidal wave as a jade city wall and snow-covered mountain range. Intertemporal, connected to the sky. (7) [Wo Ri] rushes the sun. Describe the waves. Wo, washed with water. (8) [Yang Chengzhai poem cloud "the sea for the silver for Guo, the river across the jade tie waist" is also] Yang Wanli poem said "the sea for the silver for Guo, the river across the jade tie waist" refers to such a scene. These two lines are from the poem "Viewing the Tide in Zhejiang Province", meaning that the sea surges up and becomes a citadel made of silver; Zhejiang Province is horizontal, and the tide ties a belt of white jade. "...... is also" refers to such a sight.
Every year, Beijing Yin ① out of Zhejiang Pavilion to teach the parade of the navy ②, warship ③ hundreds, divided between the two sides of the river; both the full gallop and the situation of the five formations ④, and there are riding to get the flag and the javelin dance sword ⑤ in the water, such as walking on the ground. Abruptly, yellow smoke rises in all directions, the characters are slightly unrecognizable ⑥, the water explodes ⑦, the sound is as loud as the crumbling mountains. Smoke disappears wave quiet, then a barge without trace ⑧, only "enemy ship ⑨" for the fire burned, with the waves and pass. ⑩
Notes: ① ② [every year Beijing Yin (yǐn) out of the Zhejiang Pavilion to teach the reading of the naval forces] every year (lunar August), Kyoto Lin'an Province, the governor came to the Zhejiang Pavilion to teach the reading of the naval forces. Jing Yin (京尹), the governor of Lin'an Prefecture in Kyoto (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). Zhejiang Pavilion, the name of the pavilion, was on the bank of Qiantang River in the south of the city. ③[艨艟(méngchōng)]战船. ④ [既而尽奔腾分合五阵之势]meaning, practicing the formation of five formations, suddenly sailing, suddenly rising, suddenly dividing, suddenly merging, exhausting all kinds of changes. The meaning is to practice the five formations. Ride, horse. To make, to dance. (5)【Ride, make a flag, raise a spear and dance with a sword (6) [略不相睹] Not seeing each other at all. (7) [water explosion] water army of an explosive weapon. ⑧ [a barge (gě) no trace] There is no trace of a boat. Gege, boat. ⑨[敌船] refers to a hypothetical enemy warship. ⑩ [逝] to go, to go.
Wu children good swimmers hundreds of ①, all cloaked in hair and body ②, holding ten large colorful flags, competing to be the first to drum up the courage, back to meet ③, out in the whale wave ④ in the whale wave ④, Teng body hundred changes 15 ⑤, and the flag tail slightly not wet, so that boasts of the ability.
Notes: ① [Wu children good swim (qiú) hundreds of people] hundreds of Wuzhong good swimmer. ② [披发文身][披发文身], with their hair spread out and their bodies painted in colors. The verb is "to paint". ③ [溯迎而上] To meet the tide against the current. ④ [鲸波万仞], a huge wave ten thousand feet high. The whale wave is a huge wave. Wherever the whale goes, the waves surge, so the giant waves are called whale waves. Ten thousand measures describes a very high wave, not a real one. ⑤ [腾身百变], tumbling and changing its body in all kinds of postures.
Jiang Gan ① up and down more than ten miles, beads and crocuses overflowing ②, four horses blocking the way, food and drink are all times dome ③ regular time, and taxing to look at the screen, although the seat can not be idle ④ also.
Notes: ① [Gang Gang] river bank. ② [Zhu Cui Luo Qi overflowing eyes] are full of gorgeous costumes. The beads and emeralds and the gorgeous clothes of women and tourists are generally referred to. The eyes are full of gorgeous clothes. ③ [倍穹] (price) doubled high. The price is doubled. ④【僦(jiù)lease(lìn)看幕，虽席地不容闲], even a seat will not be idle. Taxing and leasing both mean renting. The tents were specially built for watching the tide. Seat, a seat, a place for only one seat. Allow, permit, make.
Translation:
The raging tide of the Qiantang River is the most spectacular in the world. From August 16 to August 18 every year, the sea tide is the grandest during this period. When the tide emerges from the distant estuary, it is only like a white silver line, and after a while it slowly approaches, with the white waves towering like castles made of white jade and mountains made of white snow, and the waves seem to pile up and press down from the sky, and emit a great sound, like the ear-shattering sound of thunder. Waves surging, as if engulfing the blue sky, rinse the sun, very majestic and heroic. Yang Chengzhai once said in a poem, "The sea surges up and becomes a city piled up with silver; the Qiantang River is horizontal, and the tide gives ties an alabaster girdle." Just like this general.