There has ever been a gap in the foundation of geology, the relationship between lakes and basins, to get a major breakthrough: geography of cognition and in-depth exploration, the whole process of basin formation is this: (look good) negative topography - lakes (weir, artificial lakes) - marshes (wetlands) - the lake basin inland land - basins (due to in the lake basin). That is to say, lake deposits can evolve into basins, lakes, waters are the basis for the formation of all basins, this major discovery, a complete break in the geosciences for many years, the impasse, relying on the plate theory of the establishment of a variety of geoscientific theories all collapsed. This major discovery ushers in a great challenge and change in earth science, and will lay a solid foundation for China's rapid development of geology and surpassing the developed countries in the world, with unlimited potential. On the basis of this knowledge, in-depth research has deciphered the laws of earthquake formation and development --- GUO Desheng
Basins and alluvial plains play a decisive role in coal formation, mineralization, and geologic disasters
GUO Desheng, Department of Mathematics, Jiamusi University, 3051145739@qq.com
On the Earth, any life is related to the "Carbon" is closely related to any life on Earth, the cycle of carbon is carried out week after week, life needs to eat organic materials containing carbon, carbon dioxide emissions, the Earth also follows this law, the Earth is also to swallow organic materials containing carbon, the formation of coal, oil, natural gas, and so on, and then through the volcano, earthquakes, human mining and use, the formation of carbon dioxide emissions into the air, which is used by the Earth's coal miners. After volcanoes, earthquakes, human exploitation and use, carbon dioxide is emitted into the air, and the carbon dioxide emitted into the air is absorbed by trees and plants through photosynthesis, and the carbon dioxide is transformed into organic matter again, which is embodied in the form of plants, and part of the plants are digested by animals, and part of them are transported to the earth's interior by rivers, thus forming a repeated "carbon" cycle system. The system is a repeated "carbon" cycle.
For many years, I have been thinking about this question: How is coal formed? The original theory of coal formation, "coal is the accumulation of trees, vegetation, animal carcasses, as well as swamps, after many years of evolution to form coal," according to this theory, analyzing and thinking, why can not see the accumulation of trees and animal carcasses on land? On the other hand, the coal mine is very big, where do you get so many trees and animal and plant carcasses?
One, how is the formation of natural gas?
After many years of thinking and research, we finally realized that there is only one possibility to pile up the carbon-containing organic materials, that is, through the transportation of the river, the trees, vegetation, animal carcasses, and other carbon-containing organic materials are transported to the lakes and low-lying areas, and then, after years of deposition and superposition, they are turned into basins and alluvial plains.
Lakes, low-lying areas, they formed a collection of various surface materials of natural conditions, the surface of the carbon-containing objects in the water flow, the impact of the river, transport, were lakes, low-lying areas deposited, after hundreds of years, thousands of years of the deposition process, the evolution of lakes into dry land, that is, lakes - - swamps - dry basins structure of the land. The lake - swampy area - dry basin structure land. And the low-lying areas in the many impacts in the formation of sedimentation, over time to become alluvial plains. And in this process of tens of thousands of years. Lakes, alluvial plains to accumulate immeasurable trees, vegetation, sediment, as well as fish carcasses, in the process of years of accumulation of sedimentation, lakes, alluvial plains deposited a huge thickness of sedimentary material, there are dozens of meters, hundreds of meters, or even thousands of meters of thickness, and then formed a basin structure of the land, alluvial plains. Through such deposition, a large amount of carbon-containing material was stored underground, thus completing the accumulation of elemental carbon material. This process is similar to the "digester principle" in life.
Any substance, under the action of high temperature, high pressure and electricity, will undergo a chemical reaction and chemical change, and a large amount of carbon-containing substances deposited underground will, under certain conditions, be transformed into the same elemental substances, forming carbon-containing solids, liquids, gases and other substances. According to the principle of methane gas formation in biogas digesters, the deposition of huge thickness of carbon-containing substances in the basin, alluvial plains, it is inevitable that carbon-containing gases, solids and liquids, the gas is likely to be natural gas.
Two, is coal also produced inside basins and alluvial plains and bordering mountains?
An important phenomenon on earth, is the water transport, rain, rivers will wash the earth's surface, the surface of the carbon-containing organic matter transport convergence, and finally stays in the lake basin, low-lying areas, basins, alluvial plains have the conditions for storing carbon-containing organic matter. Basin, alluvial plains in many years of river water transportation, the formation of a natural carbon storage, which is a significant quantitative change process, when the quantitative change of material to a certain extent, will occur qualitative change. When the conditions in the basin and alluvial plain are ripe, a series of chemical changes cannot be avoided.
We are clear that in the chemical changes, the substance undergoes chemical changes, will produce heat, gas, and even the phenomenon of explosion. Analyzed from this point of view, then, earthquakes often occur on the earth, is not in such conditions, such a geographical location, and produce a huge release of energy, resulting in the vibration of the earth?
At the same time, the underground in the release of huge energy at the same time, the underground carbon-containing material in the heat will further chemical changes, will contain carbon gas material evolved into a solid, and then the formation of coal? According to the reasoning analysis, natural gas and coal should exist in the same location, exist in the basin, alluvial plains and bordering mountain belt, and earthquakes should also occur in such a geographical location. This evolutionary process should be, sedimentary basins and alluvial plains - natural gas - earthquakes - coal. With the following figure:
If the above reasoning is correct, then we can draw the following conclusions:
1, the earth's interior appeared the accumulation of carbon elemental material, must be through the transportation of the river, after years of deposition, superposition, the carbon-containing material buried into the ground, and then the formation of basins and alluvial plains.
2, Sedimentary basins and alluvial plains, must have produced natural gases, which formed carbon-containing solids, liquids, and gases under the action of chemical reactions.
3, the geographical area in which the earthquake occurred, there must have existed a shock plain or basin around it. The size of the alluvial plain or basin determines the size of the gas, coal mine, and earthquake.
4, the territory in and around which there is no basin or alluvial plain will never have an earthquake.
5, if, say, the basin, alluvial plains formation of natural gas, analyze the natural gas movement towards, according to the degree of geological sparsity, the basin, alluvial plains of the surface density relative to the density of the mountain is a little larger, the gas movement will move along the mountain, the mountain structure is rocky, there are gaps in the rock, the basin, the alluvial plains formation of the natural gas will be stored inside the mountain, according to the characteristics of the natural gas flammability and explosibility , there is expansion, explosion may produce a geological disaster, and the epicenter of the earthquake out of such a geographic location.
6, for the large alluvial plains, sedimentary basins, in its interior and surrounding, there must be a huge amount of natural gas and large coal mines, on the other hand, there is no such geographic location, there will not be a huge amount of natural gas and coal mines, large alluvial plains, large natural gas reserves, earthquakes are also large, coal mines are also large.
Based on the above conclusions, the facts are verified. According to Baidu search, copied the relevant information material.
The relationship between earthquakes and alluvial plains and basins
1. Did the "Wenchuan Earthquake" occur in the alluvial plains or basins surrounding the region?
The Wenchuan Earthquake, which included the earthquake area, was one of the ten most severe earthquakes. Wenchuan County, Beichuan County, Mianzhu City, Shifang City, Qingchuan County, Mao County, An County, Dujiangyan City, Pingwu County, Pengzhou City;
From the locations of these earthquakes, see the map below, these epicenters surround the West Basin Plain, which is the northern part of the Chengdu Plain.
Online information shows that the Chengdu Plain is developed on the basis of northeast-southwest oriented oblique tectonics, and consists of eight alluvial fans originating in the northwest Sichuan Plateau, such as the Min River, the Tuojiang River (Mianyuan River, Shiting River, and Waijiang River) and its tributaries, which overlap and link together to form a composite alluvial fan plain. The entire plain surface loose sediments thick, quaternary sediments covered with silt and clay, good structure, suitable for farming, the most fertile soil for the territory of sichuan province, elevation 450 ~ 750 meters, the terrain is flat.
Basin West Plain between Longquan Mountain and Longmen Mountain, Qionglai Mountain, from Jiangyou in the north, south to Leshan Wutongqiao. It includes the alluvial plain of the Fuling River between Mianyang, Jiangyou and Anxian in the north, the alluvial plain of the Minjiang and Tuojiang rivers in the center, and the alluvial plain of the Qingyi and Dadu rivers in the south.
Based on the location of these occurrence of the worst-hit areas found that Wenchuan County, Beichuan County, Mianzhu City, Shifang City, Qingchuan County, Mao County, An County, Dujiangyan City, Pingwu County, Pengzhou City, connecting these cities in turn, the Chengdu Plain encircled in a circle, according to the cities suffered the same serious damage, and then according to the map, the edge of the Chengdu Plain is the heart of the earthquake.
2. Did the Ludian earthquake occur in an alluvial plain or basin territory?
At 16:30 on August 3, 2014, a 6.5-magnitude earthquake struck Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province (27.1 degrees north latitude, 103.3 degrees east longitude) at a depth of 12 kilometers, with 1,335 aftershocks.
Ludian the highest intensity of the earthquake disaster area for the IX degree, involving only 90 square kilometers of the scope of the area, the isoseismic long axis of the overall north-northwest direction, VI degree area and above the total area of 10,350 square kilometers, *** caused by the Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province, 10 counties (districts) were affected, including Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, Ludian County, Qiaojia County, Yongshan County, Zhaoyang District, Qujing City, Huize County; Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, Huidong County, Ningnan County, Butao County, Jinyang County; Bijie City, Guizhou Province, Weining Yi Hui Miao Autonomous County.
Data shows that the Zhaolu dam east of Zhaoyang District, Liangfengtai foot of the mountain, west to the neighboring Ludian County a little outside. Overall terrain southwest high, northeast low, an area of about 525 square kilometers, is one of the four major dams in Yunnan. Dam within the hills and dams, the terrain is flat, Zhaolu Dam is located in the northeast of Yunnan Province, Zhaotong City, northwest of Zhaotong City and Sichuan Province across the river (Jinsha River), southeast of Bijie, Guizhou Province, bordering the south of Qujing City, Yunnan Province, Huize County, is the combination of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan Province.
The highest elevation in Zhaolu is 4040 meters (Yakushan, Qiaojia County), and the lowest elevation is 267 meters (Rolling Kanba, Shuifu County). Zhaolu Dam is in the heart of Zhaotong City, north and south across the Zhaoyang District and neighboring Ludian County, so it is called Zhaolu Dam.
Zhaolu dam north bordering Jinyang County, south bordering Huize County, north and south through Ludian, Zhaoyang District, the west side corresponds to Qiaojia County.
Combined with the above statement and the map, it is easy to conclude that Zhaolu Damzi is in the center of the 8.3 Ludian earthquake.
3. Did the Peru earthquake occur in an alluvial plain or basin territory?
Data show that the Amazon Plain is located in northern South America, the lower reaches of the Amazon River, between the Guiana Plateau and the Brazilian Plateau, west of the Andes, east of the Atlantic Ocean, across the territory of Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Bolivia, an area of 5.6 million square kilometers (of which more than 2.2 million square kilometers in Brazil, accounting for about 1 / 3 of the territory of the country), the world's largest area of of alluvial plains in the world.
Local media in Peru reported that at around 18:00 p.m. local time on the 24th (around 6:00 a.m. Beijing time on the 25th), an earthquake measuring 7.5 on the Richter scale occurred in the Madre de Dios region of east-central Peru, which borders Brazil. According to the China Earthquake Network Center, the quake had a magnitude of 7.7 and a depth of 610 kilometers.
The tremor was felt in several Peruvian provinces and in some areas of neighboring countries such as Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Bolivia and Ecuador.
In fact, a number of major earthquakes have struck Chile, Colombia, Bolivia and Ecuador in the zone surrounding the Amazon Plain.
According to maps, all of these countries where major earthquakes have occurred are on the periphery of the Amazonian Great Plains. These countries also have an impressive amount of natural gas extraction.
4. Did the great earthquake in Taiwan occur in an alluvial plain or basin territory?
Information records show that Taiwan's Taichung and Nantou counties were the hardest hit by the 921 earthquake. The day after the earthquake, there are statistics show that: the death toll of more than 2,000 people, on 6,534 people, stranded 2,308 people. Taipei County, Taipei City, Miaoli County, Taichung City, Changhua County, Yunlin County and other places in the disaster is more serious.
Tainan Plain Taiwan Province's largest plain, is an alluvial plain, its area of five thousand square kilometers. Taipei County, Taipei City, Miaoli County, Taichung City, Changhua County, Yunlin County is located in the "Tainan Plain" on the east side of the Tainan Plain, Tainan Plain 5000 square kilometers, the 921 earthquake in the Tainan Plain.
Another note:
Baidu data, 1556, China's southern Shaanxi Province, north of the Qinling Mountains in the Weihe River Basin occurred in a major earthquake. The reason why the Huaxian earthquake caused great losses is also related to the fact that the epicenter area is located in the river valley basin and alluvial plain, with thick loose sediments.
At about 8 p.m. on Jan. 3, 1739, the largest magnitude 8 earthquake ever recorded in the region occurred in the area of Pingluo and Yinchuan, and the location of the earthquake was in the Yinchuan Plain. The Yinchuan Plain is an alluvial plain of the Yellow River, where the depth of groundwater is extremely shallow, even overflowing to the surface, and the groundwater is poorly drained and the soil is heavily salted.
According to this idea of analyzing and judging, and then combined with satellite maps, to find all the world's sedimentary basins, alluvial plains, and the earthquakes occurring in this place, will find that: there are all kinds of earthquakes in such a geographic location, for all the big earthquakes, in the vicinity of it or in the area surrounded by the severely affected areas, there are all kinds of basins, "alluvial plains".
For all historical large earthquakes, there exists a ****iness, where each large earthquake corresponds to a large impact plain or basin. We arbitrarily come up with a seismic event and this exists. There are earthquakes in the region, there is such an "alluvial plain", and vice versa, there is no "alluvial plain" in the region and the surrounding neighborhood, there is no earthquake.
Four. Alluvial plains, basins will produce natural gas?
According to news media reports, in the second half of 2015, PetroChina won a major breakthrough in shale gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin. Validated by the Ministry of Land and Resources, PetroChina has added 207.87 square kilometers of gas-bearing area, 163.531 billion cubic meters of proven geologic reserves and 40.883 billion cubic meters of technologically recoverable reserves of shale gas in the Wei 202 well area, Ning 201 well area, and YS 108 well area in the Sichuan Basin. This is the first time that PetroChina submits proven geological reserves of shale gas.
As an unconventional natural gas resource, there is no ready experience in China on how to realize effective exploration and development of shale gas. Starting from the comprehensive geological evaluation in 2007, PetroChina has emancipated its mind, innovated and practiced, creating more than 10 domestic firsts such as shale gas industrial gas wells and shale gas "factory" operation platforms, and forming a series of technologies such as "shale gas resource evaluation", "block preference", "fast drilling", "long horizontal section cementing", "fracturing", and "fracturing fluid recycling", and accumulating a series of technologies based on the concept of "shale gas exploration". The company has developed a series of technologies and accumulated experience in cost reduction and efficiency enhancement centered on "platformization of well deployment, factoryization of drilling and fracturing, skidding of extraction and transmission equipments, marketization of engineering services, and integration of organization and management", which will play an important role in promoting China's development of shale gas resources in a large-scale and efficient manner.
As of August 27, 2015, 47 gas wells have been put into production in the above proven reserves area, producing 3.62 million cubic meters of gas per day, which is able to guarantee gas for 2.8 million families of three.
Searching the alluvial plains or basins of every country in the world, there exists the phenomenon that the areas of the countries where there are great plains or great basins are very rich in coal and natural gas, and at the same time, great earthquakes are frequent. Take out the world's famous great plains, the conclusion is the same, not to cite examples.
After the above analysis and argumentation, the causes of coal, natural gas, geological disasters, as well as the geographic location has been very clear, the examples cited and the facts are fully consistent with the article elaborated also found.
The above point of view is extremely far-reaching for the rational development of the earth and the protection of the earth's home. According to this theoretical point of view, the natural disasters that the earth has developed over the years, can find appropriate solutions to countermeasures to avoid the disaster caused by the lives and property of the major casualties and losses. From this point of view, will also discover the Earth's past, predict the future of the Earth, a breakthrough in the past a lot of unsolvable problems.