(1) Base Port:
It is the port where ships of liner companies generally call regularly according to the tariff. Most of them are larger ports located in the center, with relatively good port equipment and large and stable cargo loads. If it is designated as a basic port, there will be no restrictions on cargo volume. Goods shipped to basic ports are generally transported directly, without the need to transfer ships midway. However, sometimes because the cargo volume is too small, the ship decides to transship the goods midway, and the ship makes its own arrangements and bears the transshipment costs. Freight will be charged to the cargo party according to the basic port freight rate, and no transshipment surcharge or direct shipping surcharge shall be added. And a direct bill of lading should be issued.
(2) Non-Base Port:
All ports other than basic ports are called non-base ports. Non-basic ports generally require additional transshipment surcharges in addition to basic port charges. When the cargo volume reaches a certain level, a direct flight surcharge will be charged. For example, HONIARA on the New Guinea route is the basic port of the Solomon Islands; while KIETA is a non-basic port. The freight rate for cargo shipped to Kieta port is subject to a transshipment surcharge of US$43.00 (USD)/FT based on the freight rate at Houniala. Ports are divided according to their uses, including commercial ports, military ports, fishing ports, industrial ports, safe havens, etc.
a. Commercial port
Commercial port refers to a port where merchant ships dock and handle passenger and cargo transportation services. A commercial port has its own water and land commercial port areas. Within the commercial port area, there are water, land, seabed and all other related facilities to facilitate ship access, berthing, cargo loading and unloading, warehousing, barge operations, and serving passengers.
b. Military port
Military port refers to a port used by the military, a port specially used by naval ships, for berthing, supply, construction, shelter from wind and obtaining combat, technology, logistics, etc. Support, also known as a naval base, has corresponding equipment and defense facilities.
c. Fishing port
A fishing port refers to a port dedicated to the berthing and use of fishing boats and fishery auxiliary boats. It is used for ships to berth, anchor, shelter from wind, load and unload catches, and replenish fishing needs and living supplies. It can also be used for freezing, processing, storage and transportation of catches, fishing boat maintenance, fishing gear manufacturing, communications, and crew rest and entertainment. , medical, etc.
d. Industrial port
Industrial port is a port that directly transports raw materials, fuel and products for large industrial and mining enterprises adjacent to rivers, rivers, lakes and seas.
According to their location, they can be divided into coastal ports, estuary ports and inland river ports. Coast ports and estuary ports are collectively referred to as seaports.
(1) River mouth port
It is located at the mouth of a river or a section of the river mouth affected by tides, and can serve both sea-going ships and river ships. Generally, they are supported by large cities and have convenient water and land transportation. Inland waterways often penetrate into the vast economic hinterland of the mainland and bear a large amount of cargo flow. Therefore, many large ports in the world are built near river mouths, such as the Port of Rotterdam, the Port of London, the Port of New York, and the Port of Leningrad. Le Port, Shanghai Port, etc. The characteristics of the estuary port are that the dock facilities are arranged along the river bank, not far from the sea, and there is no need to build breakwaters. If the shoreline is not long enough, a dug-in harbor can be added.
(2) Seaport
Located on the coast, bay or lagoon, some are also built on deep water away from the coast. Ports located on open sea shores or in bays with insufficient natural protection usually need to build large-scale breakwaters, such as Dalian Port, Qingdao Port, Lianyungang Port, Keelung Port, Genoa Port in Italy, etc. Single-point or multi-point mooring terminals and island terminals for berthing of giant oil tankers or ore ships are unprotected open sea ports, such as the Port of Braga in Libya and the Port of Sidon in Lebanon. The lagoon is completely or partially separated by natural sand spits. After canals are excavated or channels are widened and dredged, a port can be built on the shore of the lagoon, such as Guangxi Beihai Port. There are also large seaports that are completely protected by nature, such as Tokyo Port, Hong Kong Port, Sydney Port in Australia, etc.
(3) River ports
Ports located on natural rivers or artificial canals, including lake ports and reservoir ports. Lake ports and reservoir ports have wide water surfaces and sometimes strong winds and waves. Therefore, they have many similarities with sea ports, such as the need to build breakwaters.
The ports on large reservoirs such as Kuibyshev and Zimlyansk in the Soviet Union and the small ports on Hongze Lake in China all fall into this category. (1) Open port
A port where the tidal changes in the water level inside the port are the same as those outside the port are called open ports
(2) Closed port
At the entrance of the port Locks are installed everywhere to separate the waters inside the port from the open sea, so that the water level in the port does not rise and fall with the tide, and to ensure that there is still sufficient water depth in the port at low tide. The port is called a closed port. For example, the Port of London in the United Kingdom falls into this category.
(3) Mixed port
A port with both open and closed harbors is called a mixed port. For example, the Port of Antwerp in Belgium falls into this category. (1) International ports
Ports that berth ships from ports around the world are called international ports. For example, Shanghai Port and Dalian Port in China, and Rotterdam and London Port abroad all fall into this category.
(2) National ports
Ports that mainly handle ships traveling to and from domestic ports are called national ports.
(3) Regional ports
Ports that mainly berth ships traveling to and from ports in a certain region of the country are called regional ports