Shenzhou 1 was the first unmanned experimental spacecraft launched in the People's Republic of China's manned spaceflight program, and was launched at 6 a.m. on November 20, 1999, from the Jiuquan Cosmodrome, with the Long March 2F human spaceflight rocket, which was improved and developed on the basis of the Long March 2F strap-on rocket, as its launch vehicle. The mission was to launch the Long March 2F manned space rocket, which was developed based on the Long March-2F bundle rocket. Ten minutes after ignition, the ship and rocket separated and accurately entered the intended orbit.
After the spacecraft entered the orbit, the ground-based measurement and control centers and measurement ships distributed in the Pacific and Indian oceans tracked and measured the spacecraft, and at the same time, tested the life support system and attitude control system inside the spacecraft.
Launch time: Nov. 20, 1999, 6:30 p.m. and 7 seconds
Launching rocket: the new Long March 2F strapped rocket, the launch was the 59th flight of the Long March series of carrier rockets, and the 17th consecutive success in the last three years.
Flight time for the spacecraft to enter orbit: the rocket took off in about 10 minutes, and the spacecraft separated from the rocket and entered a predetermined orbit.
Return time: 3:41 p.m. on Nov. 21, 1999
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing site: central part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Flight time/laps: 21 hours, 11 minutes/14 laps
Shenzhou II/Shenzhou series of spaceships Edit
January 2001 At 19:22 on January 16, 2001, China's second unmanned spacecraft, Shenzhou II, successfully landed in central Inner Mongolia. So far, the spacecraft has flown in space for seven days according to the scheduled program. Around the measurement and control and recovery of the spacecraft, China's aerospace measurement and control personnel in space, launched an intense work.
Test project: China's second positive sample unmanned spacecraft. The spacecraft consists of three modules: the orbit module, the return module and the propulsion module. Compared with the "Shenzhou" test spacecraft, "Shenzhou" No. 2 spacecraft system structure has a new expansion, new improvements in technical performance, spacecraft technology status and manned spacecraft is basically the same. It is reported that China has conducted experiments in the fields of space life science, space materials, space astronomy and physics for the first time in a microgravity environment on board the spacecraft, including: crystal growth of semiconductor optoelectronic materials, oxide crystals, metal alloys and a variety of other materials; space crystal growth of proteins and other biomolecules; and space environment effect experiments on plants, animals, aquatic organisms, microorganisms and isolated cells and cell tissues. cell tissues, etc.
Reaction: The spacecraft launch, the second flight test of China's manned space program, marks a new progress in China's manned space industry and a welcome step toward realizing manned space flight.
Launch time: January 10, 2001, 1:0:03 p.m.
Launching rocket: LM-2F rocket, the launch was the 65th flight of the LM series of carrier rockets, and also the 23rd consecutive successful launch since October 1996 in China's space launch.
Flight time for the spacecraft to enter orbit: Thirteen minutes after the spacecraft took off, it entered the predetermined orbit
Return time: 7:22 p.m. on Jan. 16, 2001
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing site: Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia
Flight time/laps: 6 days and 18 hours/108 laps
Flight time/laps: 6 days and 18 hours/108 laps. 108 laps
Shenzhou III/Shenzhou series of spacecraft Edit
At 10:15 p.m. on March 25, 2002, China's Shenzhou III spacecraft was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center and successfully entered into a predetermined orbit. At 10:15 p.m., the rocket ignited and lifted off, and the "Shenzhou" No. 3 spacecraft flew rapidly into space, leaving a splendid trajectory in the night. 10 minutes later, the spacecraft successfully entered the scheduled orbit. The successful launch marks a new and important progress in China's manned space program, laying a solid foundation for sending Chinese astronauts into space in the near future.
Return time: April 1, 2002
Launch vehicle: the new Long March 2F strapped rocket, the launch was the 66th flight of the Long March series of launch vehicles, and since October 1996, China's launches of launch vehicles have been successful for 24 consecutive times.
Landing site: central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Test item: Shenzhou IV "Shenzhou" No. 3 is a positive unmanned spacecraft, the spacecraft technical status and manned state is identical. The launch test, the launch vehicle, spacecraft and measurement and control launch system to further improve the safety and reliability of manned spaceflight. The spacecraft is equipped with human metabolism simulation devices, anthropomorphic physiological signal equipment and body dummies, which are capable of quantitatively simulating the important physiological activity parameters of astronauts in space. For this launch, work was also carried out on the Escape Life-Saving System. This system is the main measure to ensure the safety of astronauts in emergency situations. The physiological signals and metabolic indicators provided by the spacecraft's anthropomorphic payload were normal, verifying the in-cockpit environmental control and life-support systems directly related to manned spaceflight.
Shenzhou IV/Shenzhou series of spacecraft Edit
The Shenzhou IV spacecraft was developed on the basis of the successful flight tests of Shenzhou I, Shenzhou II, and Shenzhou III, and further improved, with its configuration, functions, and technical status basically the same as that of a manned spacecraft. Shenzhou IV is the fourth unmanned spacecraft, consisting of a propulsion module, a return module, an orbital module and additional segments. The total length of the spacecraft is about 7.4 meters, the maximum diameter is 2.8 meters, and the total mass is 7,794 kilograms. One solar cell wing is installed in each of the II and IV quadrants of the propulsion module and the orbital module. The two solar cell wings of the propulsion module have a total area of 24.48 square meters, and the width of the wingspan is about 17 meters after unfolding. The two solar cell wings of the orbital module have a total area of 24.48 square meters and a wingspan width of about 17 meters after expansion. The Shenzhou IV spacecraft is equipped with 13 subsystems and power supply and distribution and cable networks. The structural and institutional subsystems ensure the configuration of the spacecraft and provide structural space for the astronauts to live.
Shenzhou IV was launched in the early morning of December 30, 2002 at the Jiuquan Manned Space Launch Site, and flew in space for 6 days and 18 hours, circling the earth 108 times according to the scheduled plan. During the orbital operation of the spacecraft, the majority of test personnel, inspired by President Jiang's congratulatory message, united and collaborated with each other, meticulously measured and controlled, and endeavored to ensure that the spacecraft flew safely and was successfully recovered. The Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center unified the dispatching of the four "Yuanwang" space surveying ships distributed in the three oceans as well as the relevant ground surveying and control stations, and carried out continuous tracking, surveying and control of the spacecraft. The spacecraft successfully carried out hundreds of maneuvers in space, such as the unfolding of solar sail panels, orbital maneuvering and attitude determination, and successfully implemented orbit change and carried out two orbit maintenance.
Shenzhou IV is the third unmanned spacecraft in China's manned spaceflight program, and its technical status is identical to that of a manned spacecraft, except that it is not manned. In this flight, manned spaceflight application system, astronaut system, spacecraft environment control and life support subsystem fully participated in the test, has been in space for earth observation, materials science, life science test and space astronomy and space environment exploration and other research projects; preparatory astronauts in the pre-launch spacecraft also entered the actual experience. During the orbital flight of the spacecraft, all kinds of instruments and equipments on board had stable performance and worked normally, and a large amount of valuable flight test data and scientific information were obtained.
Launch time: 0:40 a.m. on Dec. 30, 2002
Launching rocket: the new Long March 2F strapped rocket, which was the 69th flight of the Long March series of carrier rockets, and the 27th consecutive successful space launch in China since Oct. 1996
Launching rocket: the new Long March 2F strapped rocket.
Flight time for the spacecraft to enter orbit: Ten minutes after the rocket ignited and lifted off, the spacecraft successfully entered the predetermined orbit
Return time: 19:16 on January 5, 2003
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing site: the central part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Flight time/number of laps: 6 days and 18 hours/108 laps
Parcel items: In addition to the atmospheric composition detector and other 19 pieces of equipment have participated in the previous flight test, the other 33 pieces of scientific research equipment, such as the space cell fusion instrument will be the first time "in the sky". A 10-year preparation for the two pairs of "cell space wedding" will also be held on the spacecraft, a pair of animal cells "newcomers" are B lymphocytes and myeloma cells, the other pair of plant cells "newcomers! " -- yellow tobacco protoplasm and innovation one tobacco protoplasm. Experts said that in microgravity conditions, cells in the fusion of liquid gravity settlement phenomenon will disappear, more conducive to the pairing of cells and fusion of these "affectionate action", this research will explore new methods for space pharmaceuticals.
Shenzhou V/Shenzhou series of spacecraft Edit
On November 20-21, 1999, the first unmanned test spacecraft of China's manned space program, Shenzhou, achieved a complete success in its flight test, and from the beginning of 2001 to the end of 2002, Shenzhou 2-4 were successfully developed and launched. From the beginning of 2001 to the end of 2002, Shenzhou-2 to Shenzhou-4 unmanned test spacecraft were developed and launched successfully, obtaining valuable test data and laying a solid foundation for the implementation of manned spaceflight. The Shenzhou-5 spacecraft is China's first manned spacecraft developed on the basis of an unmanned spacecraft, with one astronaut on board, and operates in orbit for one day. It provides the necessary living and working conditions for the astronauts during the whole flight period, and at the same time sends the physiological data and TV images of the astronauts to the ground and ensures the safe return of the astronauts.
The spacecraft consists of an orbital module, a return module, a propulsion module and an additional section, with a total length of 8,860 mm and a total weight of 7,840 kg. The spacecraft's manual control function and the environmental control and life-support sub-systems provide a guarantee of the astronauts' safety.
The spacecraft was launched by a Long March-2f carrier rocket into an initial orbit with a perigee of 200km, an apogee of 350km and an inclination of 42.4°, and then entered a circular orbit of 343km after the implementation of orbit change. The spacecraft circled the Earth 14 times and landed in the predetermined area.
Launch time: 9:00 p.m. on Oct. 15, 2003
Launching rocket: the new Long March 2F strap-on rocket, this is the 71st flight of the Long March series of carrier rockets, and the 29th consecutive success of China's space launches since Oct. 1996
Launching rocket: the new Long March 2F strap-on rocket.
Flight time for the spacecraft to enter orbit: At 9:10 a.m., the ship and rocket separated, and the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft entered the intended orbit accurately.
Return time: 6:28 p.m. on Oct. 16, 2003
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing site: Amu Gulang Grassland area in central Inner Mongolia
Flight time/laps: 21 hours/14 laps
Package: In addition to China's first person to fly, Yang Liwei, the "Shenzhou" V manned spacecraft entered orbit. "Shenzhou V manned spacecraft return capsule also carried a special significance of the Chinese national flag, a Beijing 2008 Olympic Games emblem flag, a United Nations flag, the main coin sample of the Renminbi, China's first manned space flight commemorative stamps, China's manned space project commemorative cover and from the motherland island of Taiwan's crop seeds and so on.
The pilot project was a great success.
Experimental projects: Shenzhou 5 will minimize the experimental projects and instruments in the cabin to make more space for the astronauts to move around and carry out scientific observation tasks, and it can be said that this time the mission is mainly to examine the adaptability of the astronauts in the space environment.
New technology applications: For the first time, the automatic fault detection system and escape system were added. Which set hundreds of failure modes, once the danger occurs immediately automatic alarm. Even after the spacecraft has been in the air for some time, it can escape from danger by escaping from the rocket.
Shenzhou VI/Shenzhou series Edit
The Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft is one of China's Shenzhou spacecraft series. It is no different from Shenzhou V in appearance, with a three-compartment structure of a propulsion module, a return module, and an orbital module, weighing about 8 tons, and launched by a Long March 2F carrier rocket. It is China's second spacecraft to carry astronauts, and the first manned spacecraft to carry out a "multi-person, multi-day" mission.
Shenzhou VI was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 9:00 a.m. Beijing time (UTC+8) on Oct. 12, 2005, with Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng, two of China's astronauts, sent into space for an estimated five-day flight. They will first run five laps in an elliptical orbit with an orbital inclination of 42.4 degrees, a perigee altitude of 200 kilometers and an apogee altitude of 347 kilometers, and then enter a 343-kilometer circular orbit after the implementation of the orbit change; it will take 90 minutes to fly around the Earth, and the flight trajectory projected to the ground will be a sinusoidal curve that is constantly moving to the east. The orbital characteristics are the same as those of Shenzhou V.
Launch time: October 12, 2005, 9:0:0
Launch rocket: Shenzhou - Long March 2F carrier rocket
The spacecraft into orbit flight time: 584 seconds
Return time: 4:32 a.m. on October 17
Launch site: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Landing site: Siziwang Grassland
Landing site: Siziwang Grassland
Launch location: Siziwang Grassland Landing site: Siziwang Grassland Autumn Rhythm
Flight time/laps: 115 hours and 32 minutes/flight 77 laps
Passenger items: *** There are 8 categories of 64 types of passenger items, including Hong Kong Jinlilai, Cha's Group and other well-known corporate logos, the passenger biological strains, plant histocultured seedlings and crops, plants and flowers seeds are used for space breeding experiments. At the opening ceremony, six special "passengers" had the opportunity to make a wonderful appearance, they are the Chinese flag used during the polar expedition, the five rings of the International Olympic Committee flag, the Shanghai World Expo flag, the Declaration of the centennial commemorative issue, calligraphy and painting "six steeds" and 10 young pioneers in space painting works. Shenzhou VI return capsule carrying the goods and "I write a letter to the 'Shenzhou' No. 6 astronauts essay activities" the special prize essay, *** and the country marshal special stamps and Shenzhou VI personalized stamps and other stamps, as well as calligraphy and painting works of famous artists.
Technical applications: the types of spaceships are very many, but the most commonly used is the satellite manned spaceship. This kind of spaceship like a satellite in a few hundred kilometers from the ground in near-Earth orbit, flying at an altitude of about 300 kilometers. There are single-cabin, double-cabin and triple-cabin spaceships, and at present, the spaceships of mature international spacefaring countries are all triple-cabin, and Shenzhou VI is a triple-cabin spaceship, which shows that China's spacefaring technology has initially reached the international level.
Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft launch video: /show/JHCfNUld-oJZHIx4.html
Shenzhou VII/Shenzhou series of spaceships Edit
Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft launched from China's Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JZSLCC) manned spacecraft launch complex on September 25, 2008 at 21:10:04 and 988 ms using a Long March 2F rocket. Long March 2F rocket. The spacecraft successfully landed on the main landing site of Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia, China, at 17:37 on September 28, 2008. The Shenzhou VII spacecraft *** counted 2 days, 20 hours and 27 minutes of flight.
The Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft is one of China's Shenzhou series of spacecraft, launched on a Long March 2F rocket. It is China's third manned spacecraft. Breakthroughs and mastery of technologies related to out-of-cabin activities. The research units of Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft are the China Academy of Space Technology and the Shanghai Academy of Space Technology, both of which belong to the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). The research unit for the Long March 2F launch vehicle is the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology under the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.
The Shenzhou 7 spacecraft is 9.19 meters long and consists of an orbital module, a return module and a propulsion module. The Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft weighs 12 tons. The Long March 2F launch vehicle and escape tower combination is 58.3 meters high overall.
The Shenzhou VII spacecraft carries three astronauts, Zhai Zhigang (commander-in-chief), Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng. The alternate echelon astronauts of Shenzhou-7 are Chen Quan (commander), Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng. The main task is to implement the first space outing of Chinese astronauts, and at the same time carry out space science and technology experiments such as satellite companion flight and satellite data relay.
September 24, 2008 at 14:30 pm at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the "Shenzhou VII" manned space flight mission General Command press conference, "Shenzhou VII" manned space flight General Command announced: On September 25, 2008, from 21:07 to 22:27, a direct launch will take place for a manned space flight. China's astronauts will make their first spacewalk outside the capsule.
Jai Zhigang out of the capsule operation
Beijing time on September 25, 2008 21:10:4 988 milliseconds launched by the Long March 2F rocket liftoff. September 27, 2008 at 16:30, Jing Haipeng stayed in the return capsule, Zhai Zhigang (commander), Liu Boming were wearing the "Flying" space suits and the "Flying" extravehicular space suits, which were made in China, and the "Flying" space suits, which were made in China. (commander), Zhai Zhigang (commander) and Liu Boming, wearing Chinese-made "Flying Sky" extravehicular space suits and Russian-made "Seahawk" extravehicular space suits, respectively, entered the orbital module of the Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft, which also served as the airlock module. Zhai Zhigang went out of the capsule and Liu Boming assisted in the orbital module (Liu Boming's head and hands were partially out of the capsule), realizing the first spacewalk by an astronaut in China's history, and making China the third country with the ability to send astronauts into space and to conduct spacewalks. At 17:37 Beijing time on September 28, 2008, the Shenzhou VII spacecraft successfully landed in Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia, China.
The main purpose of the Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft mission was to carry out the first space outing of Chinese astronauts, to make breakthroughs in and master the technology related to outing activities, and to carry out space science and technology experiments, such as satellite companion flights and satellite data relay. During the operation of the spacecraft, one astronaut, wearing the Chinese Flying Spaceman extravehicular space suit, went out of the module to carry out extravehicular activities and recovered the test samples loaded in the extravehicular device.
As planned, the Shenzhou 7 manned spacecraft was launched from the manned space launch site of China's Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, operating in a near-circular orbit at an altitude of about 343 kilometers.
After the astronauts' exit activities are completed, the spacecraft will release an accompanying satellite. It will also carry out tests on the continuation of the "Sky Link 1" satellite data.
Shenzhou 7 will return to the main landing site in central Inner Mongolia after completing its scheduled mission.