What will you think of when you mention Russia? Will think of, Russia is the world's largest country in terms of territory? Will think of, Russia's extremely cold weather and people icy winter swimming tough antifreeze physique? What comes to mind is a nation of war, a Cold War powerhouse, and the force of battle with the United States?
Sinking boat on the side of a thousand sails, the sick tree in front of another end. The battle of the nation began to face "no one" battle, such a difficult and urgent problem to deal with. Currently, Russia has a population of about 140 million, with an even density of 8.8 people per square kilometer. China as a comparison, with about twice the land of China's situation, Russia's population is as little as one of China's very one. But what is the reason for such a low population density?
The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, many countries out of the "organization", the establishment of an independent government. 15 countries to redistribute the territory, the most far-reaching impact is undoubtedly the entire Eastern European scope of the total collapse of the fertility rate, and the Russian Federation is a typical.
Russia's sex ratio is currently out of whack, with women outnumbering men, and the trend has been increasing, with the 2010 census showing a ratio of 1,000 men to 1,163 women, and more recent data showing that Russia's female population has grown to 54 percent of the total population, and that life expectancy is still very much skewed.
The data show that the average life expectancy of Russian men is 62.8 years, women 74.4 years, a difference of nearly 12 years. No matter, the story doesn't end there.
In 1920, Russia, which rules that all methods of abortion are approved, was the first country in the world to legalize abortion.
While abortion was legalized, a crisis crept in, and to this day Russia has the second highest abortion rate in the world, with a value of 25 percent. This means that for every 10 newborns born in Russia, 13 are aborted.
How can a grand sex ratio imbalance and age imbalance combined with a divorce rate of up to 70 percent and a high abortion rate not affect Russia's population growth program? Some experts estimate that by 2050, the population available for enlistment in the Russian military will be reduced by 90 percent!
The economic crisis brought about by the collapse of the Soviet Union and the impact of this year's new crown epidemic, the entire Eastern European region's economic collapse, social disorganization, Russia is affected by the impact of this, the population shows a grand fault line. The government has introduced relevant policies from time to time during this period to try to slow down the rate of population decline.
Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke in 2020 that "the fate of Russia and its historical way out depends on how many of us there are", the president has taken a stand, which shows the current state of Russia's population and the importance of the population.2002, the Russian government legalized female marriage earlier than the age of 14 years old, an age when marriage is only required to meet the two conditions, to get the consent of the guardian, ever pregnant or giving birth to a child.
The significance of the early birth of a large number of children. 2007, the government set up the "Heroic Mother", "Mother of Glory" honorary title, the norms of the award is to give birth to more mothers, the medalists will be able to receive a part of the subsidies from the state, and children do not spend money on schooling by the state to pay for the old age pension is also constantly good.
As early as the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian government to see their own policies can be introduced after the implementation of the country's fertility rate did not have much improvement, they will aim to foreign countries, want to rely on the introduction of immigrants to the population, the tsarist period of the implementation of the relevant policies to give immigrants can be called the conditions of generosity, the number of immigrants absorbed to the number of 46,000 people, and then continued to increase; to the collapse of the Soviet Union before the Far Eastern region population reached nearly 8 million.
The government estimated contemplation, children old people I am in charge of, more births also give awards, but also absorbed a lot of foreign population to fill the number. The first thing I'd like to say is that I don't want to be a part of the organization, but I'd like to be a part of it! But in fact, the children did not come a few, which sounds a bit incredible.
In my opinion, these government measures may be fruitful under the circumstances of the country, but over time, some of the drawbacks began to show, before and after the separation of view, the policy introduced at that time, there is on the "fast food" flavor. We will seriously analyze it.
The idea of early marriage and early pregnancy, like a seedling, has increased the number of divorces, abortions and abandoned babies in Russia. Early marriage is common among Russian men and women, and young men and women who get married early don't know how to run a marriage.
Men don't like to work, don't want to take on family obligations, there are a bunch of pretty girls outside, and Russian men don't use condoms, they feel that the quality is not good enough to be comfortable, and it is usually the women who go to take the drug, and most women will choose to abort after getting pregnant.
The new crown of the epidemic raged, to many of the epidemic before the relative stability of the family, bring a lot of life economic pressure, can not afford to raise children, reproductive program delay or choose to abortion has become a routine operation; such as the spouse is unfortunately sick, the other side can not afford to pay the medical expenses, the choice of the divorce of the family is also not a minority. What's more, without a car or a house, without economic roots, marriage has become a luxury.
Russia is located in the northern hemisphere, high latitude territory, the climate is cold, low sexual desire, not easy to get pregnant. The local people need to supplement the heat to fight the cold, most people's food is high in oil and sugar, and the lifestyle is extremely unhealthy, resulting in the rate of miscarriage, high mortality rate of newborns.
It is well known that in Russia there is a lot of alcohol, and alcohol also reduces the quality and survival rate of sperm, and the fetus is not healthy enough to cause a miscarriage. The man is practically a daily drinker, and when he is drunk, he is less likely to be drunk and violent, and more likely to not be able to find his way home to the snow funeral. For all these reasons, marriage is in crisis, the divorce rate is very high, and the fertility rate is extremely low.
Russian male long-term alcoholism, extremely susceptible to cardiovascular disease, and drug abuse and the number of meritorious, resulting in male life expectancy is lower than that of women, meritorious death rate is higher than that of women, presenting an imbalance in the male-female ratio of the problem of the phenomenon is also one of the causes of the slow growth of the fertility rate of the Russian population.
Russia's policy of real money to inspire childbirth is actually not as attractive as it looks on the outside, it is like a piece of fast food, which is not affordable in practice. Let's do some math. Government grants are only given to families with two or more children, and the norm is 12,000 rubles per month, which translates into money of about $15,000 per year, minus the tuition fees that the government assumes.
But compared with the capital investment in nursing a child, it is almost a small investment, so few families go to birth for the subsidy. And young people are more concerned about their own quality of life, generally only one child, the concept of eugenics is not popular.
Another point is that women have a great deal of freedom to decide whether or not they want to have children, unlike the Chinese family, which is pushing the whole family to have children. So, separated from the above, for the public, more births do not have much temptation, or even necessity.
Being affected by this year's new crown epidemic, most companies layoffs, the virus is rampant, the employment rate has fallen, the situation of pregnancy means the loss of work, no source of livelihood but also to pay for the child's expenses, so most of the families delayed the birth of a child program, the pregnant women chose to abortion to maintain their jobs.
Russia's idea of relying on immigration to add children to its population is also at risk of dying, with the population of the entire eastern region declining by 20 percent over the past 30 years, along with immigrants and natives, a serious exodus of people. The biggest reason for this phenomenon comes from the Russian government's handling of policy mistakes.
Russia will be a large part of the immigrants settled in the north and east of the region, that is, the Far East, the region's cold climate, limited arable land can be used, agriculture can not be further developed, the people's lives are limited by the progress of the cost of food, the economic downturn; health care is also relatively backward, transportation and social infrastructure is poor; and the warring peoples of the ancestors passed down the thought of aggression, and there is no "broadmindedness" The government is also trying to make sure that the people of the country are not forced to take advantage of the situation.
The government has not actively dealt with the problems of survival and legal rights for the immigrants. The government has not actively dealt with the problems of survival and legal rights for the immigrants. The time, the place, the people and the people have been lost, the population has left more and come less, the immigrant "bidding rate" is low, but also ran away a lot of people.
Consolidated above to analyze the problem of Russia's population is difficult to increase, can be summarized as a few points, Russia's diet and habits of life is not healthy, resulting in the abortion of children and adult mortality rate increases; no reproductive power and the tyranny of the new crown, the formation of the birth rate of newborns is low; inappropriate absorption of the policy and the military changes, making the population loss is serious.
Russia wants to increase the number of population, there is no harm in thinking about the feelings of the people, "think what they want, change what they need", do some grass-roots changes. In my opinion, early marriage and early pregnancy is not desirable, young people have not yet constituted a sense of obligation, but will increase the number of abandoned babies, will further increase the standing power, increase the burden of society.
Currently Russia will not have a substantial increase in population in the short term, instead of this, it is better to divide some of the spirit in the cultivation of children, such as increasing the welfare of the orphanage, encouraging adoption, hospitals to set up a point of abandonment of babies (refer to the Western "anonymous abandonment"). The more we raise, the better we raise, at least to reduce the power of the society, to give children a relatively stable environment for growth.
The number of people who die from alcoholism in Russia each year is extremely high, with rich people drinking alcohol and poor people drinking industrial alcohol, resulting in drunken street sleepers who can't afford to freeze, or people who buy cheap industrial alcohol and get poisoned and can't afford to fall down. Alcoholism also brings many Oh cardiovascular and other diseases, the government should enhance the management of alcohol and education, improve public health and well-being and living habits.
This year, Russia changed its conscription system to a contract system, but the phenomenon of low pay and preferential treatment within the army has not been effectively dealt with, and there have been repeated desertions from the army. It would be better to stop the change at the grassroots level within the army, otherwise it will be difficult to recruit and will lead to population loss.
The new crown epidemic is a crisis and an opportunity, such as the surrogacy centers in the United States are affected by this, there are tens of millions of children were abandoned, the war in the Middle East, there are a large number of large numbers of refugees displaced, the Russian government may wish to think about absorbing the population from these two sides.
From the beginning of this year, Russia's post-war generation began to enter the stage of death, it is estimated that the death of 2030 will break 2.6 million, this change, it will be relative to the increase in Russia's own fertility rate, but it is still the root cause of the problem. The increase in the Russian population is a problem that needs to be managed better in the long term.