1304-1237 BC
Egypt and the Hittites
Contest for domination of Syria
Syria's fortress of Kadish
Contest for regional hegemony
Egyptian army of 20,000 men and 2,000 chariots; Hittite army of 20,000 men and 2,500 chariots.
The Egyptian army failed to capture the fortress of Kadesh and was forced to withdraw against Egypt. For the next 16 years, the two countries were at war, with neither side winning a decisive victory. The synergy of infantry and chariots, and the combination of fortress-keeping and field fighting were the main features of the battle.
The Assyrian War
744-605 BC
The Assyrian Empire fought against more than 20 states, including the state of Urartu
for regional hegemony
Syria, Babylon, Egypt, Elam, Arabia, and Midian
War of hegemony and counter-hegemony
The Assyrian Empire made conquests of more than 20 countries, and the conquered countries united against the Assyrian Empire.
The Assyrian Empire won the battle of Urartu and the six northern Syrian states in 743 BC, capturing 72,950 enemies. In 739 BC it conquered and subjugated Syria and 19 other countries. In 691 Elam joined forces with other states and unsuccessfully marched into Assyria. In 652 Elam and the allied forces fought Assyria for three years and lost. In 612, the allied armies of Galatia and Midian captured the capital of the empire, and the king of Assyria burned himself in his palace, which led to the fall of the Assyrian empire.
Greek-Persian War
492-449 BC
Greece and the Persian Empire
Military Expansion of the Persian Empire
Greece, Persia
War of Aggression
Both sides participated in the war with a force of 350,000 men and more than 1,400 ships.
In the first phase of the war (492-479 BC) the Persian army made three expeditions to Greece, which were repulsed by the Greek army. In 490 BC, the Persian army, with 50,000 men and nearly 400 ships, made a second expedition to Greece, and the two sides fought the Battle of Marathon. The Greek army fought with more than 10,000 troops and annihilated 6,400 enemies, which was one of the examples in the history of ancient wars in which fewer people won than many. In 480, a Persian army of 250,000 men and 1,000 ships made a third expedition to Greece. The Greek coalition army of 100,000 men and 450 ships responded to the war and defeated the Persian army, turning into a counter-attack. In the second phase of the war (479-449 B.C.), Greece turned to the offensive and changed from a defensive just war to a war of aggression, in which Greece defeated the Persian army. Athens became the dominant power in the Aegean region from then on.
The Hundred Years' War
1337-1453
England and France
England fights for territories; France fights to expel English troops from the country
France
War of Aggression and Counter-aggression
In the first phase of the war the English invaded, and the French lost territories in successive defeats. In 1360, they were forced to sign a peace treaty and cede territory to Britain, and in 1369, the second phase of the war began, with the French recovering most of their lost territory and concluding a 20-year armistice in 1396. in 1415, the British landed in Normandy and captured Paris, and in 1420, the French were forced to sign a humiliating treaty. In 1420, France was forced to sign a humiliating treaty, and then, through a combination of guerrilla warfare and regular warfare, it recovered Paris in 1436, and in 1453 it won a final victory, recovering all the territory it had lost.
The Thirty Years' War
1618-1648
The Habsburg Confederacy (Spain, Austria, etc.) and the Anti-Habsburg Confederacy (France, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, Germany, etc.)
Struggle for European hegemony
With Germany as the main battleground
The Thirty Years' War was fought in 1436 and 1453. p>War for the hegemony of Europe
The scale of the Battle was generally fought by both sides with 30,000 to 80,000 troops. The war was the first Europe-wide international war.
The war went through four phases, with 20 major battles fought. The war ended with the victory of the anti-Habsburg group. The hegemony of Europe was transferred to France. Line tactics were used for the first time in this war, and artillery became an independent branch of the army and was widely used in field battles.
The Seven Years' War
1756-1763
Britain, the Prussian Confederation, and a few German vassals on one side; France, Austria, the Russian Confederation, and Sweden, Saxony, Spain, and most of the German vassals on the other.
Struggle for colonial and regional hegemony
Battlefields spread across Europe, North America, India and the sea
War for hegemony in Europe
In the 1758 war, the anti-Prussian alliance had an army of 316,000 men; the Prussian side had an army of 145,000 men. in 1759, the anti-Prussian army had an army of 352,000 men, and the Anglo-Prussian alliance had an army of 222,000 men.
In the early stages of the war, France won and defeated the British fleet, and in 1758, after occupying Canada, part of Louisiana, and most of French India, Russia withdrew from the anti-Prussian coalition in 1762, returning all the territories it had captured to Prussia and joining with Prussia in an alliance with Prussia. In 1762 Russia withdrew from the anti-Prussian alliance and returned all the occupied territories to Prussia and allied with Prussia. The countries then made a truce and peace. Britain benefited the most from this war and became the dominant naval power.
Napoleonic Wars
1792-1815
France was on one side; Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia formed seven coalitions against France.
Alliances to suppress the French bourgeois revolution; France to establish political and economic hegemony in Europe
War for the hegemony of Europe, mainly in continental Europe and spreading to Egypt
Alliances to fight France with 500,000 and 700,000 men successively; 600,000 men in French army.
The first anti-French coalition of Britain, Prussia and seven other countries failed to invade France; the second anti-French coalition disintegrated; the third anti-French coalition broke; the fourth anti-French coalition collapsed; the fifth anti-French coalition disappeared; the sixth anti-French coalition won, Napoleon abdicated; the seventh anti-French coalition won, Napoleon again abdicated.1812, Napoleon led 600,000 people in the invasion of Russia, had seized Moscow, by the end of December lost 500,000 troops and ended in a crushing defeat. The Napoleonic Wars went from a series of victories to final defeat. The Napoleonic wars played a major role in expanding the revolutionary conception to Europe and promoting the disintegration of the old feudal system, and cleared the way for the establishment of the capitalist system in many European countries.
The Crimean War, also known as the War of the East
1853-1856
Russia's alliance with Britain, France, Turkey and Sardinia
Russia's struggle for the Black Sea Straits and its expansion into the Balkans; Britain and France's expansion into the center and east.
Russia contested the Black Sea Straits and expanded into the Balkans and the Danube and Caucasus theaters, and into the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, and the Kamchatka Peninsula.
War for hegemony in Europe
The Allies entered the war with 1 million troops and Russia with 700,000 troops.
The war resulted in losses of 522,000 Russians, nearly 400,000 soldiers, 99,000 French, and 20,000 British, and in March 1856, the two sides signed the Peace of Paris, which stipulated that each side would exchange territories occupied by the other, that the Russians and Turks could not maintain fleets and naval bases on the Black Sea, that Russia would dismantle the Black Sea fortresses, and that the Russians would give up "protection" of Orthodox subjects in the Ottoman Empire. Russia gave up its "right of protection" over Orthodox subjects in the Ottoman Empire and recognized the freedom of navigation of the Danube under international supervision. The defeat of Russia, the loss of its dominant position in Europe and the deepening of the crisis of serfdom prepared the way for the bourgeois revolution of the 60s and 70s.
Prussian-French War
1870-1981
France and Prussia; Italian volunteers fought with the French people against the Prussian invasion
Prussia fought for the unification of Germany and the occupation of Lorraine in Alsace, a strategic resource area of France; France fought for the unification of Germany, the maintenance of its hegemony in Europe, and the war for German territories. territory.
France and Prussia
The war for European hegemony
The number of troops involved in the war: 470,000 for the Prussian army and 220,000 for the French army.
France declared war on Prussia on July 19, 1870, and only attacked on August 2 because it was not ready. The Prussians bought time to prepare and turned to the offensive on August 4, crossing the border.On September 1, the two armies fought a duel, and the French army was defeated.On September 2, Emperor Napoleon III, Marshal McMahon, and 39 generals surrendered to the Prussians at Sedan at the rate of 83,000 soldiers.On September 4, a revolution broke out in France, and the French Third Empire was established.On September 19 the Prussian army defended Paris. The Parisian working class rose up against the enemy. on March 18, 1871, the Parisian people revolted successfully and established the Paris Commune, which later failed.
Russian-Japanese War
February 1904-September 1905
Japan and Russia
Japan and Russia fought for hegemony in Northeastern China and Korea, and more recently in the Asia-Pacific region
China's Liaoning Province and the Bohai Sea were the main battlegrounds Korea and the Sea of Japan
Fighting for hegemony in Europe of the war
On the eve of the war, the Japanese army 200,000 people, mobilized to 375,000 people, more than 80 ships, 260,000 tons. The Russian standing army of 1,135,000 men, 3.5 million in reserve, and only 100,000 in the Far East. In the Battle of Liaoshen, Japan put 135,000 men into the army, and 152,000 into the Russian army. In the Battle of Fengtian, the Japanese had 250,000 troops and the Russians had 300,000 troops. The total number of troops involved in the battle was 1.1 million Japanese; 1.2 million Russian.
The Russo-Japanese War was the first large-scale imperialist war. The war began with a surprise attack by the Japanese navy on Russia's 1st Pacific Fleet, which was anchored off Lushunkou. The war resulted in Japanese casualties. 210,000 were captured, 91 ships were lost, and 1.72 billion yen were consumed. The Russians suffered 270,000 casualties, lost 98 ships, and spent 2 billion rubles. Japan defeated Russia. The United States, out of its own interests, interceded, and in August 1905, Japan and Russia held talks in the United States, and on September 5, signed the Portsmouth Peace Treaty. After the war, Russia retreated to the north of northeastern China, while Korea and the south of northeastern China became Japan's sphere of influence.
World War I
July 1914-November 1918
War between the Allied Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria on one side; and the Allied Powers of Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy, the United States, Japan, and China on the other.
The two major imperialist blocs fought for sphere of influence and hegemony to redivide the world. It was a war caused by the imbalance in the development of capitalism and the intensification of economic crisis during the period of imperialism
Three continents, Europe, Asia and Africa, as well as the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
The war for the hegemony of Europe
The 36 countries successively involved in the war had a total population of 500 million and a strategically unfolded area of 4.07 million square kilometers. About 70 million troops participated in the war, including 22.85 million troops of the Allies and 42.18 million troops of the Allied Powers.
The war was waged by the Allies and lasted 4 years and 3 months. after the Allies launched a general offensive on September 26, 1918, Bulgaria, Turkey, Austria-Hungary, and Germany surrendered within 4-46 days, and the Allies won. The war cost the Allies 21 million men, of whom 5.15 million died, and the Allies 15.4 million men, of whom 3.38 million died. The belligerents consumed $186.3 billion in war costs. Economic mobilization appeared for the first time in the war, the number of workers serving the war in 1917, Russia accounted for 76% of the total number of workers, France accounted for 57%, Italy accounted for 64%, the United States accounted for 31%, and Germany accounted for 58%, the war caused a revolution, on November 7, 1917, Russia broke out in the October Socialist Revolution, established the world's first dictatorship of the proletariat, and declared its withdrawal from the Imperialist Great War.
The Second World War
September 1930-September 1945
The Axis alliance was formed with the fascist groups of Germany, Italy, and Japan on one side; and the anti-fascist alliance was formed with China, the Soviet Union, the United States, and Britain on the other. Sixty-one countries participated in the war.
After the First World War, the uneven political and economic development of capitalism and the world economic crisis aggravated the contradictions of imperialism, and the demand of Germany, Italy and Japan to re-divide the world led to the outbreak of the Great War.
Europe, Asia, Africa and the Four Oceans
The war for the hegemony of Europe
was the largest war in the history of the world, with 61 participating countries, 110 million troops, and a population of 1.7 billion in the participating countries. The battlefield covered an area of 22 million square kilometers, affecting 40 countries and four oceans.
The war lasted six years, beginning with Germany's blitz attack on Poland and ending with Japan's surrender. The number of military deaths in the war was 16.9 million (a said 51.33 million), the number of military wounded 35 million people, the two opposing sides **** consumption of war costs 1117 billion U.S. dollars (a said 1.5 trillion U.S. dollars). Consumption of ammunition, the United States for 6.9 million tons. The total value of property lost in the war in European countries was $260 billion. For the first time in the history of war, nuclear weapons were used. As a result of this war emerged a series of socialist countries.
Korean War
June 25, 1950-July 27, 1953
North and South Korean armies and the United Nations forces headed by U.S. imperialism. Sixteen countries participated in the war, and another five countries sent medical teams. The Chinese People's Volunteer Army participated in the war.
Korea's revolutionary war for reunification and liberation of the motherland. After the U.S. intervened, it was transformed into a war against aggression.
South and North Korea
War for the hegemony of Europe
The total number of troops of the two hostile sides peaked at more than 3 million, with a force comparison of 1:1.4
Chinese and North Korean armies annihilated the enemy of 1,090,000 people (of which 390,000 were U.S. troops) during the war*** and fought the enemy back to the 38th Parallel, forcing the U.S. imperialists to sign the armistice agreement . The U.S. consumed 54 billion U.S. dollars in war expenses and 2.788 million tons of ammunition. During the war, the U.S. army carried out bacteriological warfare.
Vietnamese War Against the U.S.
1961-January 1973
Vietnam and the United States. South Korea, Australia, the Philippines, New Zealand, and Thailand were also involved in the war. In addition to giving Vietnam weapons, ammunition, food, quilts, and huge sums of money in free aid, the Chinese government has sent 320,000 people in air defense, engineering, railroad, and logistic units to support Vietnam's war against the United States.
The U.S. supported the Ngo Dinh Yen group in suppressing the anti-dictatorship struggle of the southern people, plotting to turn South Vietnam into a U.S. colony and military base
South and North Vietnam, Cambodia
War for hegemony in Europe
Saigon's army of 350,000 men in 1964, the U.S. invasion of Vietnam of 185,000 men in 1965, which grew to 543,000 men a year later The largest attack saw 650,000 U.S. pseudo troops.
The Vietnamese people's war against the U.S. (1961-1973) lasted 11 years and 1 month.In August 1964, the U.S. began bombing North Vietnam.In 1970, U.S. troops invaded Cambodia, expanding the war to the whole of Indochina. Under the blows of Indochinese soldiers and civilians, the U.S. Army in March and April 1973, the people of the South launched the three major battles such as the Western Plains, and on April 30, the liberation of Saigon, the end of the war. U.S. forces in the war killed 60,000 people, wounded more than 300,000 people, the loss of 9,000 aircraft, consuming 14 million tons of ammunition, war costs 200 billion U.S. dollars.
The Fourth Middle East War Also known as the October War
October 6, 1973-October 24, 1973
Egypt, Syria, and Iraq, Jordan, Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Kuwait, Tunisia, the Palestine Liberation Organization and Israel
<Egypt, Syria, Israel
Egypt, Syria, Israel
The war for European hegemony
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) had 524,000 troops in the war, and Israel had 400,000 troops. Israeli-Arab weaponry comparison: tanks 1700:4100 (vehicles) aircraft 600:1520 (racks) armored vehicles 3000:4320 (vehicles) artillery 570:2055 (doors) anti-aircraft missile company 10:112 (a) ships 61:147 (ships)
October 6 at 14:00, Egypt and Syria concentrated superior forces on Israel to carry out a surprise attack. On the northern front, the Israeli defense line was broken through on the same day; the western front also quickly broke through the Balev defense line. The Israeli army turned to the offensive on the northern front on the 10th; on the western front on the 14th, the Egyptian army was forced to withdraw to the starting position of the offensive. 24th, both sides ceased fire. Both sides lost about 3,000 tanks, 1,250 armored vehicles, 573 aircraft and 12 ships. The war cost 10 billion dollars. Deaths 11,370.
War on the Isle of Man The Station of the Malvinas Islands
April 2, 1982-June 14, 1982 (74 days, of which 36 were actual fighting days)
Argentina and Great Britain
Fighting for Sovereignty over the Isle of Man
The Isle of Man and the surrounding seas
Fighting for Hegemony in Europe The war
Strength of forces involved: 118 British ships, 270 airplanes, and 0.9 million ground troops. The Albanian side had 22 ships, 370 airplanes, and 13,000 ground troops.
April 2, 4,000 people landed on the Isle of Man, the island of British troops surrendered; on the 3rd, the Arabs occupied South Georgia. British quickly responded to the establishment of a wartime cabinet on the 3rd, decided to send a special fleet to reoccupy the island of Ma, the 5th fleet of the main force set sail on the 12th of the implementation of a naval blockade of the island of Ma, the 25th occupation of the island of South Georgia, the 30th fleet of the main force to reach the island of Ma's waters on May 21st, the British landed on Ma's island on June 14th, the surrender of the island's Arab forces, the British army reoccupied the island of Ma. British loss of 18 ships, more than 30 aircraft, casualties, captured more than 1,200 people. A loss of 5 ships, 6 wounded, the loss of more than 100 aircraft, casualties, captured 13,700 people, British consumption of 500,000 tons of oil, 15,000 tons of ammunition.
U.S. Attacks on Libya Twice
①March 24, 1986-March 25, 1986 ②April 14, 1986-April 15, 1986
The U.S. and Libya
The U.S. has declared that it is "waging war on terrorists around the world". Sequential punitive military action declared by the U.S. as "war on terrorists around the globe"
Mediterranean Sea and the Libyan capital, Benghazia, and the port of Sidi Bilal
War for hegemony in Europe
U.S. fleet of 3 aircraft carriers and 24 combat planes from the United Kingdom with 30 refueling planes. The U.S. Army had 500 planes and 50 ships
The first attack, the U.S. took off carrier-based planes and crossed the U.S. "line of death," which induced the U.S. to return fire, and then the U.S. began air strikes. This battle, Lee lost 7 missile boats, air defense missile positions of the main equipment was destroyed. The second air attack, by the carrier take-off aircraft 15, from the British base take-off combat aircraft 24, 30 refueling planes, 10 hours round-trip 10,000 kilometers, 6 times in the air refueling, air strikes Li General Staff, presidential residences, airports, terrorist headquarters, training bases and other targets, blew up 14 aircraft, killed more than 100 people (including the president's daughter), more than 600 people were injured. U.S. aircraft were shot down 1.