I. Demand and constraints of urban space expansion
1. Demand for regional integration and development
Currently, the relationship between the city and the region is getting closer and closer, and the expansion of the urban space is not only closely related to the development status of the city itself, but also inextricably linked to the region that the city is based on.
From the municipal level, Zhoushan City, as a port city in the Yangtze River Delta region, has experienced rapid socio-economic development driven by the rapid development of the Yangtze River Delta. Zhoushan large land island project, Hangzhou Bay Bridge, East China Sea Bridge and other large-scale construction projects, not only communicated Zhoushan land transportation links, realize Zhoushan's "Peninsula dream", but also Zhoushan and the Yangtze River Delta region, especially with the Ningbo, Shanghai, the connection between the external transportation conditions have greatly improved for Putuo District to play to its own advantage, the development of tourism, integration into the Yangtze River Delta, brought about by the rapid development of the Yangtze River Delta region. Development of tourism, integration into the Yangtze River Delta, has brought new opportunities. Zhoushan city space "north production, south life, east tourism, central green heart" development strategy for the future of the city space layout will have a greater impact, Zhoushan City, "port to develop the city, to the scenery of the city, to build a garden city on the sea," the overall development strategy will become the guide for the development of East Harbor. The development of the guide.
From the district level, Putuo District, the formation of a new pattern of urban space, Lujiazhi Island and the northern part of the city residential area development, so that the city to break the original planning to determine the "coastal belt" development of the city pattern; Puxi Industrial Park as the core of the industrial park development and Shenjiamen, "two into three" and Lujiazhi Island, and the development of the city's residential area. Industrial park development and Shenjiamen "retreat two into three" and Lujiazhi Island tourism services development, so that the city's industrial industrial layout to the west transfer, at the same time, tourism services base arrangement from centralized to relatively decentralized. Donggang area as an important section of Putuo urban construction land expansion, the integrity of its land and plasticity, with the potential to create a new coastal city center of Putuo.
From the level of Donggang Area, with the improvement of the first phase of urban construction area of Donggang polder in Putuo District and the completion of the second phase of polder administrative center and business center, it lays a good foundation for the future development of Donggang.
2, the requirements of urban space expansion
Space is the carrier of urban development, most of the city's economic activities will eventually be reflected in the city's land space. As far as Donggang New District, which is currently in the middle stage of development, is concerned, the urban space is experiencing a period of steady expansion, and there is a demand and trend for outward extension.
1) Overall demand for spatial development
According to the East Harbor Area Zoning Plan, the total land area of the planning scope is 11.7 square kilometers, of which the land area of Donggang City is 6.8 square kilometers.
The current construction of Donggang Area includes seven villages on the slopes and along the mountain belt and the built-up area of Donggang Urban Polder Phase I, with a construction land area of about 2.0 square kilometers. Donggang new area construction of the first phase of the construction of the land area for the section between the latitude five roads to the latitude nine roads, as well as part of the hillside land and the head of the pond, a total planning area of 1.83 square kilometers . The second phase of the project has basically formed part of the built-up area, including road networks, living and residential, administrative offices, commercial, cultural and recreational, sports, medical, educational and other facilities; long-term planning and construction mainly includes the planning of the second phase of the construction land and the third phase of the construction land, the second phase of the construction land scope for the section between the Ninth Wei Road to the Twelfth Wei Road, as well as the hillside land and the pond head of the other blocks, with a total area of 2.07 square kilometers; the three-phase The scope of the construction site is the section between Wei-Xi Road and Wei-Xi Road, with a total area of 1.25 square kilometers.
(2) Spatial Demand for Residential Land
Based on the Donggang Area Sub-area Planning of Putuo District, Zhoushan City (2005-2020), the total planned population of this planning area is about 120,000 people, of which about 100,000 people are in the urban area of Donggang, about 0.8 million people in the hillside area, and about 12,000 people in the Tangtou area. By 2010, the total population of the current situation is 55,000, which is in line with the planned population in the near future.
Residential land becomes an important carrier of Donggang's urban residential function. In the long term, the total area of residential land in Donggang is 3,234,300 square meters, and the residential land accounts for 52.02% of the urban construction land in Donggang city, among which, there are 253,900 square meters of commercial and residential land.
(3) the spatial demand for public **** service facilities land
Planning public **** facilities in accordance with the city and group two-level arrangement, summarized as "a city center, five group center" structure. A center is located in the second phase of the southern set of administrative offices, culture and entertainment, commercial and financial, tourism services as one of the central area. The five cluster centers refer to the supporting public **** facilities located in the five residential clusters. The public **** facilities are mainly arranged in the blocks around the business center, mainly arranged for commercial, amusement, tourism, hotel services and other facilities, around the center of the green space to form a comprehensive business district. A secondary business center is formed near Lotus Hill in the north, where commercial and recreational facilities are arranged to serve the northern part of Donggang. Within the center of the cluster, a certain area of vegetable markets, kindergartens, community service centers, community hospitals and other residential community-level public **** facilities are arranged to meet the needs of residents' lives.
Donggang New District Business Center is located in the eastern part of the central area, coastal area, is the administrative center and commercial center of Putuo District, its public **** service facilities land including administrative offices, administrative and commercial mixed, commercial and financial, cultural and recreational, medical and health care land, with a land area of 48.76 hectares; the second phase of the middle piece of the public **** service facilities to undertake to improve the role of the urban function of the Donggang New District, including the presence of secondary schools, elementary school, hospitals, stadiums, long-distance bus stations, garbage transfer stations, bus yards, parking lots and farmers' markets, etc., with a land area of 12.52 hectares.
(4) Spatial demand for construction land in the hillside zone
The hillside zone, though outside the scope of the construction land of the urban master plan, is the fringe zone of the city. It should be analyzed in a unified way and developed as a whole; it should fully respect its natural topography and environmental qualities, and try to create an urban environmental landscape that communicates with nature and "reveals the mountain and shows the water"; at the same time, the planning and design aim to create a pleasant environment suitable for residents to live and work. At present, the land that can be utilized in the hillside area of Donggang is about 1,388,500 square meters, and the current land that has been utilized is about 441,000 square meters.
Planning should take full account of the conditions and constraints of the development within the current planning, at the same time, the maximum possible to retain a variety of possibilities for future development, and the use of planning tools to ensure that the future development of a variety of needs from the road network structure, land layout, resources, ecological protection, etc., planning to determine the scale of the land of the hill zone of 2,173,400 square meters, of which the planning of the residential land **** is 764,200 square meters, accounting for 55.81% of the total land in the hillside area. The planned first-class residential land is 548,600 square meters, the planned second-class residential land is 210,000 square meters, and the planned urban public **** facilities land is 121,000 square meters. It accounts for 8.84% of the total land for construction in the hillside zone; the planned green area is 201,100 square meters, accounting for 14.69% of the total land for urban construction in the hillside zone.
3, the constraints of the natural geography and breakthroughs
Zhoushan Island's natural topography greatly restricts the expansion of urban construction land, the land from northwest to southeast by the natural conditions of the limitations of the belt form, there is a lower efficiency of infrastructure use defects. The supply of land is not only limited by topographic conditions, but also by meteorological conditions, with perennial high winds and storm surges, which will adversely affect the arrangement of natural ship docking ports and wharves by using the shoreline in this area; the direction of the shoreline is about 20 degrees west of south, and the optimal building orientation is north-south, so the optimal orientation of the buildings in the area is near the sea but not facing the sea; it will increase the technical difficulties in the organization of the coastal architectural landscapes and the development of the seascape settlements; The water color is turbid, the sediment concentration is big, compared with other islands shoreline, does not have the advantage to carry out the sea amusement, has the reclamation to develop the north-south oriented mainly residential group conditions.
Putuo District, the shortage of land resources, in the national macro-control policies, Donggang urban reclamation for the natural conditions of the city of Putuo constraints are very large, the development of beach resources to build the city will break through the land policy constraints to alleviate the lack of space and the contradiction between the supply and demand for construction land, to provide space for the development of the development of the city. Donggang city after reclamation, the coast can be formed along the embankment deep water coastline, with the advantage of mountain water-friendly conditions for the diversified development of coastal characteristics of the city to create the conditions.
Therefore, how to integrate and optimize the urban resources, reasonable and effective use of the limited space resources in Donggang New District, to meet the requirements of the new district construction while actively using and creating the surrounding land suitable for construction, constitutes the basic starting point for determining the spatial layout strategy.
Two, urban spatial development pattern
1, development ideas
1) to meet the new function
Full consideration of the environmental conditions for the development of Donggang Area, mining and making full use of the core spatial resources of the mountain, coastal and other resources and the tourism resources adjacent to the sea and sky Buddhist country - Putuo Mountain, in order to develop the tourism and the construction of Putuo District administration, and to create a new spatial layout. Tourism and the construction of Putuo administrative, commercial, cultural and sports, medical, educational, residential and other integrated service centers as the leading, the East Harbor Area development and construction and the expansion of the functions of the urban area of Putuo combined to build a new coastal city with international standards, full of vitality.
(2)Extend the flexible layout
Following the principle of "conducive to the long-term development of the city", adopting the spatial pattern of "clustering", forming a flexible land-use layout and organic growth pattern, adapting to the construction characteristics of Donggang's phased reclamation development, meeting the demand and conforming to the needs of the city's urban population, as well as the development of a new coastal area. The construction characteristics of Donggang's phased reclamation development are adapted to meet the demand and conform to the market. Focus on the continuity of the development of Donggang District in each phase, so that the city grows organically.
(3) Follow the ecological principle
Planning follows nature and gives priority to ecology. East harbor area west side of the mountain, washout development; East coastal, and Putuo Mountain Scenic Area across the mountain, the landscape line of sight is good. Planning in organizing the water system, green space layout and land development to implement the guiding ideology of ecology-based and layout principles.
(4) Shaping personalized cityscape
Planning to make full use of coastal resources, the use of urban design layout techniques, to create a multi-level rich cityscape. Through the central area square, central park layout, create more sea front, increase the urban land space of high landscape value of the unfolding surface, enhance the value of the land; through the planning layout of the "wedge" shaped green space, to strengthen the "sea, the city, the mountain" landscape connection, the formation of landscape corridors; planning the artistic taste of the city's landscape, the city's landscape, the city's landscape, the city's landscape, the city's landscape, the city's landscape. Corridor; planning will be higher artistic taste of public **** building along the coastal layout, in order to be conducive to the display of urban architectural art, enrich the coastal landscape; between the mountain and the city to retain the natural boundaries of the mountains and the sea before the reclamation, the construction of the public **** green space, protect the ecology, to provide a green open space, to meet the functional requirements.
2. Spatial structure
"One center, two axes, three districts and multiple clusters". "A center" refers to the public **** facilities center located in Donggang city; "two axes" refers to the two urban development axes located in Jingyi Road and Jingyi Road; "three districts" refers to the three planning and construction zones in the planning area, including Donggang city, Shanxiang City and Donggang City. Three zones" refers to the three planning and construction zones in the planning area, including Donggang City, Hillside Zone Planning and Construction Zone and Tangtou Planning and Construction Zone; "multiple clusters" refers to the multiple functional clusters in the "three zones", of which there are five in Donggang City, three in Hillside Zone and one in Tangtou.
Functional positioning and spatial development mode
Donggang New District as a collection of administrative, cultural, sports center, commercial sub-centers and tourist service base as one, with modernization, ecology and island characteristics of the multi-functional coastal new town, the use of "group" spatial structure mode, continue to play the central city and the radiation of the new coastal area. Adopting the spatial structure mode of "cluster type", continue to play the role of the radiation of the urban area and the new seaside area, ease the contradiction of the old urban area's residence and traffic, and effectively attract foreign residents; accelerate the promotion and improvement of urban infrastructure and public ****service facilities, and carry out the land grant and regional construction in an orderly manner; highlight the modern landscape elements of the seashore city and create the image of a fine product of the core area of the new urban area to create a pleasant urban environment; focus on the planning and construction of the core business area of the scenic lagoon, do a good job of detailed planning for the hill Strip detailed planning and the aboriginal resettlement and other preliminary work, the basic formation of Zhoushan City, one of the important tourist service base and commercial core area of the city function.
3, the road system
329 National Highway from the central part of the city through the east to Zhujiajian Island, the west to the island highway; the southern part of the city there are two roads and the Shenjiamen; the northern part of the Tangluo Highway and the northern part of the island connected to the industrial zone.
With the northward expansion of Donggang city, the north-central part of Donggang city needs to add two more exits, one for the road from Tangtou to the northern polder industrial area, and reserved in the north side of Tangtou village through the tunnel and the island highway connection; the other is the Hailian Road and the island highway connection.
Construction of the Zhujiajian Bridge duplicate line to strengthen the traffic connection with the northern part of Donggang city and the northern poldered area of Zhoushan Main Island and other city clusters through the Ring Island Highway.
In Tangtou, the red line of Tangliao Highway in the southern section of the planning area is 18 meters, and the red line of the road in the central and northern sections is 12 meters and 10 meters.
Donggang city and the "sea and sky Buddha" Putuo Mountain and other tourist attractions between the sea cruise routes: in the center of the district edge of the layout of the cruise terminal, in the south side of the Kirin Mountain, the layout of the fishing port terminal.
The western boundary of the planning area, Hailian Road, is an important transportation artery, and the other two north-south arterial roads, Jing Er Road and Jing San Road, have the functions of life and landscape, respectively; the island-ring highway connecting with Weixiang Road is an important external transportation road in Donggang area; the east-west Weixiang Road, Weixiang Road, Weixiang Road, Weixiang Road and Weixiang Road, respectively, are important east-west connecting roads.
Three, spatial strategy support
1, accelerate the development of urban pillar industries
With the expansion of the scale of construction of the East Harbor, the district business centers, cultural centers, commercial facilities, and the coordinated development of the surrounding areas will become a vibrant urban areas in Putuo District. This plan will take advantage of the coastline and Putuo Mountain, Zhujiajian Scenic Area is the closest to the location characteristics, through the development of various forms of transportation links, East Harbor as a tourist service area, should accelerate the development of tertiary industry, real estate, tourism, commercial services as a pillar industry.
The tourism industry is the most competitive advantage of Putuo District. According to "establish a big tourism concept, integration of resource advantages, improve the tourism pattern, optimize the tourism line, enhance the taste of tourism in Putuo" idea. In the future, the number of tourists and the taste of tourism will be greatly improved. Requirements for regional tourism transportation facilities, service facilities and other corresponding facilities to improve the quantity and quality.
A large number of people gathered and moved in, the old city residential pressure, the residential population spread dramatically to Donggang city. The construction of high-quality living quarters is the hottest pursuit at present, and real estate development will become the most important economic growth point of the new district, meanwhile, it lays the foundation for the formation of a certain atmosphere of commercial service industry in the future.
2, the development of urban public **** space
City public **** space is the place of social life of the citizens, is the essence of the city's substantive environment, the carrier of diverse cultures and the source of unique charm. The overall quality of public **** space construction directly affects the comprehensive competitiveness of the city and the public's satisfaction, therefore, urban policy makers, builders and users do not fail to pay special attention to it.
All kinds of public **** space carries a variety of functions such as transportation, communication, leisure, walking, viewing, fitness, entertainment, food and beverage, display, education, festivals and so on. Donggang New District construction of the Grand Theater, gymnasium, parks, civic plaza, youth activity centers, the inner lake business circle and other urban public **** space, as well as the construction of pedestrian commercial street, pedestrian cultural street, pedestrian leisure street, and set up perfect service facilities in the pedestrian area; configuration of a sufficient amount of social public **** parking lot, the entire new area of the public **** space is closely linked together, and fully embodies and gives full play to its openness , integration and communication, and enhance the quality of life in Donggang New District; and consider neighborhood and community activities, and appropriately develop or retain a piece of small-scale, multi-functional mixed commercial and residential walkable community with a compact layout, so that the crowd and activities are relatively concentrated and maintained at a high density, which will surely accumulate popularity and vitality.
3, shaping the characteristics of coastal charm of the city
Donggang city by the mountains facing the sea, poldering the coast can be formed along the embankment deep water coastline, with the advantage of the conditions of the mountain pro-water for the diversified development of coastal characteristics of the city to create the conditions, in the construction of the city should focus on the image and spatial shaping to create a unique charm of the coastal city, so that it will become the city of the island style and coastal charm of the city! The name card of the city.
The urban environment of Donggang area is a special part of the city, which is a place to reflect the city characteristics and show the city style with marine temperament. Its environmental development and construction should strengthen the study of space and landscape, in order to form a characteristic environment and beautiful city image.
Donggang New Area, while introducing commercial, cultural, scientific and technological, sports and fitness activities, integrates the overall urban landscape to create a distinctive and vibrant cityscape; focusing on the landscape nodes, coastal coastline, mountain landscape and iconic buildings to form a unique urban "iconic" landscape; Through the spatial organization, the formation of fascinating public **** activity sites, through the planning of green corridors, walking systems, public **** activity corridors and other paths radiate outward, and the periphery of the various attractions, functional areas to form a whole, as a whole, to improve the quality of the city and the internal connection.