Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed
It is convenient for assisted respiration and artificial respiration for first aid and resuscitation.
It can reduce the ineffective cavity of respiratory tract in patients with respiratory failure and facilitate oxygen inhalation and auxiliary breathing.
Reducing the mechanical dead space of anesthesia pathway is beneficial to inhaling volatile anesthetics.
Prevent oral secretions and stomach contents from being inhaled by mistake.
Prevent anesthetic gas from escaping to the surrounding environment, protect the operator from inhaling more anesthetic and improve the utilization rate of anesthetic.
Generally, the following tools are used for tracheal intubation: endotracheal tube, laryngoscope, fixing rope, mouth opener, lidocaine aerosol, lidocaine gel and injection needle.
Here, I would like to introduce endotracheal tube, also called endotracheal intubation. In order to distinguish it from tracheal intubation, this paper is collectively called endotracheal tube. There are three types of endotracheal tubes used in veterinary clinic: Murphy, Maggill and Cole. Murphy type is the most commonly used. Tracheal catheter is generally composed of catheter, cuff, connector, pressure measuring balloon (indicating balloon) and inflatable connecting tube. Some endotracheal tubes also have drug injection structures, including drug injection ports and drug injection connecting tubes.
① connector ② catheter ③ cuff ④ test balloon ⑥ inflatable connecting tube ⑥ Murphy hole ⑥ tip.
In addition, we noticed that some signs were printed on the outer wall of the catheter, in which ID was the catheter specification and the indicated value was the catheter inner diameter (mm); OD represents the outside diameter of the catheter (mm); Scale (cm) 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 ... indicates the distance from the tip of the catheter to the scale and the insertion depth of the catheter.
Myth: It doesn't matter whether the specification of endotracheal tube is appropriate. If it is small, inflate the cuff a little; if it is large, inflate the cuff a little.
..... However, it is not! Not really! ! Not really! ! !
Function of cuff: seal airway to avoid aspiration, fix catheter and protect trachea (keep catheter in the center of airway to avoid tip damage to airway).
When the cuff is inflated, it will exert pressure on the tracheal wall. Excessive pressure will cause local compression, and then damage the tracheal wall. The pressure is too low to achieve the purpose of fixing the catheter to protect the trachea. In practical application, the airbag pressure is required.
The sleeve has different structures such as low volume high pressure, high volume low pressure, double airbag type and foam type. At present, Reeward provides high-capacity and low-pressure cuff for clinical veterinarians, which has the characteristics of large capacity, high compliance and low internal pressure. In normal use, the pressure inside the cuff is close to the pressure of the trachea wall, which is not easy to cause compressive damage to the trachea wall and is not limited by the time of intubation.
Generally, there are three kinds of materials for making endotracheal tubes: silica gel, red rubber and PVC. Based on the performance of these three materials in cost, texture and length control, PVC endotracheal tube is widely used in veterinary clinic in China.
! ! ! Reeward reminds you that PVC endotracheal tube is a disposable endotracheal tube and is not suitable for reuse.
In addition, the Murphy hole at the tip can prevent