Semiconductors are generally referred to as silicon crystals, which have electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.
Semiconductors are solid materials with electrical conductivity between that of metals and insulators. Distinguished by the internal electronic structure, semiconductors and insulators are similar, they contain just enough valence electrons to fill the valence band, and separated by the forbidden band and the upper conduction band. The difference between semiconductors and insulators is that the forbidden band is narrower, below 2 to 3 eV.
Typical semiconductors are dominated by *** valence bonding, such as crystalline silicon and germanium. A semiconductor conducts electricity by electrons in the conduction band or holes in the valence band. Its conductivity is generally controlled by doping impurity atoms in place of the original atoms. If the doped atom has one more valence electron than the original atom, it produces electron conductivity; if the doped impurity atom has one less valence electron than the original atom, it produces hole conductivity.
Semiconductors have a wide range of applications, mainly made of components with special features, such as electro-crystals, cumulative circuits, rectifiers, radium, and a variety of photodetector devices, microwave devices and so on.
Problems with the application of semiconductors1 floor 2 floor sensationalism, which is so serious. In the semiconductor material put into use before World War II has ended, a large number of electrical devices using tubes have been put into civilian use. It is a well known fact that the Soviet Union was extremely backward in the development of semiconductor materials, whether it is the MiG-25 fighter aircraft or the Soyuz spacecraft are still using electronic tube devices, until the nineties after the Russian Federation to gradually catch up.
The impact on daily life, in short -
all appliances using microcontrollers, so-called "computer boards", will revert to mechanical control;
there will be no minicomputers, only jumbo/mainframe/small machines, and even if there are, there will be no microcomputers, only jumbo/mainframe/small machines.
No microcomputers, only jumbo/mainframe/small form factor, and even if there were personal computers, they would have to be as big as a closet, consume an incredible amount of power, and be an absolute luxury, not to mention notebooks;
No microcomputers, of course, and even more so, no consoles, and playing Contra, Super Mario, and catching thieves by cops would always be a fantasy;
A radio would have to be as big as a New China Dictionary, but not as large as a thesaurus;
Television sets Still cathode ray tube, because they can't even produce LCD panels, but fortunately we can still see color TVs;
Microwave ovens are probably the size of a dishwasher, aren't they? Because tubes are bulky;
Washing machines are semi-automatic types that use mechanical timers - as do microwave ovens.
Refrigerators must be big in shape, small in size, and rumble with noise, and there are physical examples of those in the former Soviet Union;
Cameras will continue to be film-based, and there will be no such thing as a digital DC/DV;
Camcorders will be quite bulky, and will only be available on videotape;
Hello! This is the post office, please use the dial pad to make a call, if you need to dial out of town please let me transfer you to ...... Uh, comrade, what's a programmable switchboard? --Some human operator;
There are no VCDs, DVDs, and VCRs/players are unlikely to become popular -- too big, too expensive;
Without microcomputers you'll feel the need to practice good handwriting;< /p>
Aircraft missiles, missiles, missiles, missiles, missiles, missiles, missiles, missiles, missiles, and so on.
aircraft missiles satellites spaceships space stations are still flying all over the sky, warships carriers submarines tanks are still all over the world;
the Internet may have, but that will be the official, military and scientific research institutions of the Royal thing, with our people have nothing to do with;
...... can think of almost all the written
can think of almost all written.
The application of semiconductors, it is better to say in detail.
Imagine your life is missing the concept of what is digital? It would be a chaotic world, whether it's your cell phone number, your ID number, or your house number, all of which are expressed in numbers! Video games, e-mail, digital music, digital photos, multimedia CD-ROMs, web conferencing, distance learning, online shopping, e-banking and e-currency ...... Almost everything can be expressed in zeros and ones. The emergence of computers and the Internet allows people to have a greater imagination and space to play, our lives in this simple "0" "1" between the rich, flexible and enjoyable, audio and video products, cell phones, camcorders, digital cameras, MP3, pocket player, DVD player, PDA, multimedia, multifunctional game consoles, ISDN and other new wave of electronic products are gradually recognized and accepted by the people, digitalization is carried by us, so as to have a more varied audio-visual new sense of music and feeling of the digital life in the quiet flow of ......
< p> Digital life has become a feature of the information age, it changes all aspects of human life, behind this, hidden the great merit of new materials, new materials is the digital life of the "heroes behind the scenes".The computer is an important device in the digital life, the core components of the computer is the central processing unit (CPU) and storage (RAM), they are built on the basis of large-scale integrated circuits, and these integrated circuits are made of semiconductor materials, Si sheet is the first generation of semiconductor materials, integrated circuits in the use of Si sheet must have a large diameter, high crystal integrity, high geometric accuracy and high performance. , high geometric accuracy and high cleanliness. In order to make integrated circuits with high efficiency, low energy consumption, high speed performance, the successive development of GaAs, InP and other second-generation semiconductor single-crystal materials. SiC, GaN, ZnSe, diamond and other third-generation wide bandwidth semiconductor materials, SiGe/Si, SOI (Silicon On Insulator), such as the new silicon-based material, the superlattice quantum-well materials can be made high temperature (300 ~ 500 ° C), high-frequency, high-power, radiation and blue-green light, ultraviolet light-emitting devices and detectors, thereby significantly improving the effectiveness of the original silicon-based integrated circuits, is the future direction of the development of semiconductor materials.
The human-computer exchange, often need to be a variety of forms of information, such as text, data, graphics, images and images of the activities displayed. The most commonly used means of displaying static information, such as printers, photocopiers, fax machines and scanners, generally referred to as information output and input devices. In order to improve the resolution and the speed of input and output, the need to develop high sensitivity and stability of light-sensitive materials, such as laser printers and photocopiers on the photoconductor drum material, currently used is an inorganic selenium alloy and organic phthalocyanine dyes. Display the main components of the active image information is the cathode ray tube (CRT), widely used in computer terminal monitors and flat-screen TVs, CRT is currently used in electroluminescent materials, most of the use of rare-earth doped (Tb3+, Sn3+, Eu3+, etc.) and transition element doped (Mn2+) sulfide (ZnS, CdS, etc.) and oxides (Y2O3, YAlO3) and so on. inorganic materials.
In order to reduce the huge size of CRT, the trend of information display is high resolution, large display capacity, flat panel, thin and large, for which the main liquid crystal display technology (LCD), field emission display technology (FED), plasma display technology (PDP) and light emitting diode display technology (LED) and other flat panel display technologies are widely used in the High-definition television (HDTV), television and telephone, computer (desktop or portable) monitors, automotive and personal digital terminal displays and other applications on the target, CRT is no longer a stand-alone, but the formation of a variety of flat-panel displays with a variety of flowers competing for the situation.
Liquid crystal materials used in liquid crystal display technology has long been used in watches, calculators, laptop computers, video cameras, liquid crystal materials used earlier are phenylcyclohexanes, cyclohexylcyclohexanes, pyridines, such as to the column phase and the chiral phase materials, and later developed a ferroelectric (FE) liquid crystals, the response time in the microseconds, but the stability of ferroelectric liquid crystals is poor, and can only be used by branching method ( However, the stability of ferroelectric liquid crystals is poor and can only be improved by the branching method ( side-chain). Currently, there is a tendency to develop anti-ferroelectric liquid crystals because of their higher stability.
Liquid crystal display materials in the large screen display has certain difficulties, currently as a large screen display of the main candidate for plasma display (PDP) and light-emitting diode (LED).PDP phosphor used for rare earth-doped barium-aluminum oxide. The use of diamond-like materials as cold cathodes and rare earth ion-doped oxides as light-emitting materials has contributed to the development of field emission displays (FEDs). The production of high brightness light-emitting diode semiconductor materials are mainly red, orange, yellow GaAs-based and GaP-based epitaxial materials, blue GaN-based and ZnSe-based epitaxial materials.
Due to the rapid development of the Internet and multimedia technology, human beings have to deal with, transmit and store ultra-high information capacity up to too (megabytes) digital bits (Tb, 1012bits), ultra-high-speed information flow per second up to too bit (Tb/s), it can be said that human beings have entered the era of terabit information. Modern information storage methods are varied, taking computer system storage as an example, storage methods are divided into random memory storage, on-line storage, off-line storage and off-line storage. Random memory storage requires high degree of integration and fast data access speed, so it has been based on large-scale integration of microelectronics technology-based semiconductor Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) is the main, 256 megabits of random dynamic storage of more than 200 million crystals. Most of the external storage uses magnetic recording, and the main forms of magnetic storage media are magnetic tapes, magnetic bubbles, soft magnetic disks and hard magnetic disks. Magnetic storage density improvement mainly depends on the improvement of magnetic media materials, successive use of magnetic oxides (such as g-Fe2O3, CrO2, metal magnetic powder, etc.), ferrite system, ultra-fine magnetic oxide powder, chemical electroplating cobalt-nickel alloy or vacuum sputtering evaporation Co-based alloys continuous magnetic thin film media and other materials, magnetic storage of information storage and thus have a great deal of improvement. Solid-state (flash) memory (flash memory) is non-volatile erasable storage, is based on semiconductor diode accumulator circuits, more compact and robust, can be inserted between the memory and external memory to use. Recording magnetic head core materials are generally used in soft magnetic materials with large saturation magnetic inductance, such as 80Ni-20Fe, Co-Zr-Nb, Fe-Ta-C, 45Ni-55Fe, Fe-Ni-N, Fe-Si, Fe-Si-Ni, 67Co-10Ni-23Fe, and so on. In recent years the development of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) materials, in a certain magnetic field resistance decreases dramatically, the general reduction than the usual magnetic metal and alloy magnetoresistance value is about 10 times higher.GMR is generally composed of a free layer / conductive layer / pinned layer / anti-strength of the magnetic layer, of which the free layer can be a strong magnet materials such as Ni-Fe, Ni-Fe / Co, Co-Fe, etc., at both ends of which placed with the Co-Cr-Pt and other permanent magnet films, the conductive layer is a few nm copper film, the pinned layer is a few nm soft magnetic Co alloy, and the magnetization fixed layer is made of anti-strength magnets such as Ni-O, Ni-Mn, Mn-In, Fe-Cr-Pt, Cr-Mn-Pt, Fe-Mn and other anti-strength magnets from 5 to 40 nm with the addition of an accumulative free structure of Ru/Co layer. Readout heads using the GMR effect, the disk recording density increased by nearly twenty times at once, so the study of the giant magnetoresistive effect on the development of magnetic storage has a very important significance.
Specific applications of semiconductorsThe most common: semiconductor radios, handheld calculators, computers, such as the motherboard display cards and other hardware should be used to use semiconductors, TV components should be used semiconductor wafers, cell phone internal components, automotive components should also be used in a number of parts. At present, most of the electrical appliances will be used in the digital chip, rather than analog (DSP), these chips, to put it bluntly, is made of semiconductors.
Semiconductor laser applicationsSemiconductor diode laser in laser communications, optical storage, optical gyroscope, laser printing, ranging and radar and other aspects as well as access to a wide range of applications
Can also be used as a solid-state laser pump source, security field lighting source, the field of application is very wide
Semiconductors in the three wide range of applications:
In the radio (Radio), the first in the radio (DSP), the first in the radio (DSP). First, in the radio (Radio) and television (Television), as a "signal amplifier / rectifier" with.
Second, the recent development of solar energy (Solar Power), also used in photovoltaic cells (Solar Cell).
Third, the semiconductor can be used to measure temperature, temperature range can reach production, life, health care, scientific research and teaching applications in 70% of the field, with high accuracy and stability, the resolution of up to 0.1 ℃, and even up to 0.01 ℃ is not impossible, the linearity of 0.2%, the temperature range of -100 ~ +300 ℃, is the cost-effective ratio of a very high temperature measurement components.
Refer to Baidu Encyclopedia for reference only!
Semiconductors in lifeImagine your life is missing the concept of what is the number? It would be a chaotic world, whether it's your cell phone number, your ID number, or your house number, all of these are expressed in numbers! Video games, e-mail, digital music, digital photos, multimedia CD-ROMs, web conferencing, distance learning, online shopping, e-banking and e-currency ...... Almost everything can be expressed in zeros and ones. The emergence of computers and the Internet allows people to have a greater imagination and space to play, our lives in this simple "0" "1" between the rich, flexible, and enjoyable, audio-visual products, cell phones, camcorders, digital cameras, MP3, pocket player, DVD player, PDA, multimedia, multifunctional game consoles, ISDN and other new wave of electronic products are gradually recognized and accepted by the people, digitalization is carried by us, so as to have a more varied audio-visual new feelings, music and feelings in the digital life quietly flow ......
< p> Digital life has become a feature of the information age, it changes all aspects of human life, behind this, hidden the great merit of new materials, new materials is the digital life of the "heroes behind the scenes".The computer is an important device in the digital life, the core components of the computer is the central processing unit (CPU) and storage (RAM), they are built on the basis of large-scale integrated circuits, and these integrated circuits are made of semiconductor materials, Si sheet is the first generation of semiconductor materials, integrated circuits in the use of Si sheet must have a large diameter, high crystal integrity, high geometric accuracy and high performance. , high geometric accuracy and high cleanliness. In order to make integrated circuits with high efficiency, low energy consumption, high speed performance, the successive development of GaAs, InP and other second-generation semiconductor single-crystal materials. SiC, GaN, ZnSe, diamond and other third-generation wide bandwidth semiconductor materials, SiGe/Si, SOI (Silicon On Insulator), such as the new silicon-based material, the superlattice quantum-well materials can be made high temperature (300 ~ 500 ° C), high-frequency, high-power, radiation and blue-green light, ultraviolet light-emitting devices and detectors, thereby significantly improving the effectiveness of the original silicon-based integrated circuits, is the future direction of the development of semiconductor materials.
The human-computer exchange, often need to be various forms of information, such as text, data, graphics, images and images of the activities displayed. The most commonly used means of displaying static information, such as printers, photocopiers, fax machines and scanners, generally referred to as information output and input devices. In order to improve the resolution and the speed of input and output, the need to develop high sensitivity and stability of light-sensitive materials, such as laser printers and photocopiers on the photoconductor drum material, currently used is an inorganic selenium alloy and organic phthalocyanine dyes. Display the main components of the active image information is the cathode ray tube (CRT), widely used in computer terminal monitors and flat-screen TVs, CRT is currently used in electroluminescent materials, most of the use of rare-earth doped (Tb3+, Sn3+, Eu3+, etc.) and transition element doped (Mn2+) sulfide (ZnS, CdS, etc.) and oxides (Y2O3, YAlO3) and so on. inorganic materials.
In order to reduce the huge size of the CRT, the trend of information display is high resolution, large display capacity, flat panel, thin and large, for which the main liquid crystal display technology (LCD), field emission display technology (FED), plasma display technology (PDP) and light-emitting diode (LED) and other flat panel display technologies are used, which are widely used in High-definition television (HDTV), television and telephone, computer (desktop or portable) monitors, automotive and personal digital terminal displays and other applications on the target, CRT is no longer a stand-alone, but the formation of a variety of flat-panel displays with a variety of flowers competing for the situation.
Liquid crystal materials used in liquid crystal display technology has long been used in watches, calculators, laptop computers, video cameras, liquid crystal materials used earlier is phenylcyclohexane class, cyclohexylcyclohexane class, pyridine and other to the column phase and chiral phase materials, and later developed a ferroelectric (FE) liquid crystal, the response time in the microseconds, but the stability of the ferroelectric liquid crystal is poor, and can only be used with branching (). However, the stability of ferroelectric liquid crystals is poor and can only be improved by the branching method ( side-chain). Currently, there is a tendency to develop anti-ferroelectric liquid crystals because of their higher stability.
Liquid crystal display materials in the large screen display has certain difficulties, currently as a large screen display of the main candidate for plasma display (PDP) and light-emitting diode (LED).PDP phosphor used for rare earth-doped barium-aluminum oxide. The use of diamond-like materials as cold cathodes and rare-earth ion-doped oxides as light-emitting materials has contributed to the development of field emission displays (FEDs). The production of high brightness light-emitting diode semiconductor materials are mainly red, orange, yellow GaAs-based and GaP-based epitaxial materials, blue GaN-based and ZnSe-based epitaxial materials.
Due to the rapid development of the Internet and multimedia technology, human beings have to deal with, transmit and store ultra-high information capacity up to too (megabytes) digital bits (Tb, 1012bits), ultra-high-speed information flow per second up to too bit (Tb/s), it can be said that human beings have entered the era of terabit information. Modern information storage methods are varied, taking computer system storage as an example, the storage methods are divided into random memory storage, on-line storage, off-line storage and off-line storage. Random memory storage requires high degree of integration and fast data access speed, so it has been based on large-scale integration of microelectronics technology-based semiconductor Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) is the main, 256 megabits of random dynamic storage of more than 200 million crystals. Most of the external storage uses magnetic recording, and the main forms of magnetic storage media are magnetic tapes, magnetic bubbles, soft magnetic disks and hard magnetic disks. Magnetic storage density improvement mainly depends on the improvement of magnetic media materials, successive use of magnetic oxides (such as g-Fe2O3, CrO2, metal magnetic powder, etc.), ferrite system, ultra-fine magnetic oxide powder, chemical electroplating cobalt-nickel alloy or vacuum sputtering evaporation Co-based alloys continuous magnetic thin film media and other materials, magnetic storage of information storage and thus have a great deal of improvement. Solid-state (flash) memory (flash memory) is non-volatile erasable storage, is based on semiconductor diode accumulator circuits, more compact and robust, can be inserted between the memory and external memory to use. Recording magnetic head core materials are generally used in soft magnetic materials with large saturation magnetic inductance, such as 80Ni-20Fe, Co-Zr-Nb, Fe-Ta-C, 45Ni-55Fe, Fe-Ni-N, Fe-Si, Fe-Si-Ni, 67Co-10Ni-23Fe, and so on. In recent years the development of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) materials, in a certain magnetic field resistance decreases dramatically, the general reduction than the usual magnetic metal and alloy magnetoresistance value is about 10 times higher.GMR is generally composed of a free layer / conductive layer / pinned layer / anti-strength of the magnetic layer, of which the free layer can be a strong magnet materials such as Ni-Fe, Ni-Fe / Co, Co-Fe, etc., at both ends of which placed with the Co-Cr-Pt and other permanent magnet films, the conductive layer is a few nm copper film, the pinned layer is a few nm soft magnetic Co alloy, and the magnetization fixed layer is made of anti-strength magnets such as Ni-O, Ni-Mn, Mn-In, Fe-Cr-Pt, Cr-Mn-Pt, Fe-Mn and other anti-strength magnets from 5 to 40 nm with the addition of an accumulative free structure of Ru/Co layer. The use of GMR effect readout head, the disk recording density increased by nearly twenty times at once, so the study of the giant magnetoresistance effect has a very important significance for the development of magnetic storage.
The rise of laser records and laser phonographs in the field of sound and vision was due to the tremendous development of optical storage technology. Optical disk storage is the coded recording of information in the form of dots of light in an optical disk coated medium through modulated laser beams. Compared with magnetic storage technology, optical disk storage technology has a large storage capacity, long storage life; non-contact read/write and erase, the optical head will not wear or scratch the disk surface, so the optical disk system is reliable and can be freely replaced; read and write many times after the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) does not decrease. Optical disk storage technology through the CD (Compact Disk), DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) to the future development of high-density DVD (HD-DVD), ultra-high-density DVD (SHD-DVD) process, the storage medium material is the key, a write optical disk material to ablative (Tc alloy film, Se-Tc amorphous film, etc.) and phase change (Tc alloy film, Tc alloy film, etc.) and phase change (Tc alloy film, etc.), and phase change (Tc alloy film, Tc alloy film, etc.). etc.) and phase change type (Te-Ge-Sb amorphous film, AgInTeSb system film, doped ZnO film, push-pull azo dyes, phthalocyanine dyes), and erasable rewritable optical disk materials are based on magneto-optical type (GdCo, TeFe amorphous thin film, BiMnSiAl thin film, rare-earth-doped garnet YIG, Co-Pt multilayer film). The density of optical disk storage depends on the wavelength of the laser tube, DVD disk using the InGaAlP red laser tube (wavelength 650nm), the diameter of 12cm disk storage for each side of the 4.7 gigabytes (GB), and the use of ZnSe (wavelength of 515nm) up to 12GB, the future use of GaN laser tube (wavelength of 410nm), the density of storage of 18GB. to read and write the information in the disc, it must be used to read and write the information in the disc, the use of high speed, the use of high speed. To read and write the information in the CD-ROM, it is necessary to use high-power semiconductor radium, the radium diode used to use compound semiconductor GaAs, GaN and other materials.
In addition to optical disk storage applications, the role of radium emitters in optical communications is also well known. Due to the low threshold, low power consumption, long life and fast response semiconductor laser, so that the optical fiber communication becomes a reality. Optical communication is the transformation of electrical signals into optical signals through semiconductor lasers, and then long-distance transmission through optical fibers, and finally the transformation of optical signals into electrical signals for reception by human beings. The optical signal transmitted by optical fiber is sent out by the laser, commonly used for semiconductor laser, the materials used are GaAs, GaAlAs, GaInAsP, InGaAlP, GaSb, etc. The optical detector used at the receiving end is also used for optical communication. The photodetector used at the receiving end is also a semiconductor material. Lack of optical fiber, optical communication can only be "on paper". Low-loss optical fiber is the key material for fiber optic communications, optical fiber sensing materials used at present are mainly low-loss quartz glass, fluoride glass and Ga2S3-based sulfide glass and plastic optical fibers, etc., 1 kg of quartz-based optical fiber can be replaced by tons of copper and aluminum cables. The emergence of fiber-optic communication is a revolution in information transmission, information capacity, light weight, small footprint, resistance to electromagnetic interference, less crosstalk, strong confidentiality, are the advantages of fiber-optic communication. The high-speed development of fiber-optic communications for the construction and opening of the modern information superhighway plays a vital role.
In addition to wired communication, the dissemination of information is also used in a wireless way. The most notable development in wireless communication is the mobile phone. The more users of mobile phones, the use of the frequency is higher, and now is to the gigawatt weeks of frequency transition, the phone's microwave transmitter and receiver also rely on semiconductor transistors to realize, which part of the Si transistor is being replaced by GaAs transistors. Widely used in cell phones in the high-frequency surface acoustic wave SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) and body acoustic wave BAW (Bulk Surface Acoustic Wave) devices in the piezoelectric material for a-SiO2, LiNbO3, LiTaO3, Li2B4O7, KNbO3, La3Ga5SiO14 piezoelectric crystal and ZnO/Al2O, and so on. crystals and high speed of sound thin film materials such as ZnO/Al2O3 and SiO2/ZnO/DLC/Si, and the microwave dielectric ceramic materials are concentrated in BaO-TiO2 system, BaO-Ln2O3-TiO2 (Ln=La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd) system, composite chalcocite A(B1/3B￠2/3)O3 system (A=Ba, Sr; B=Mg, Sr; B=Mg, Sr; B=Mg) system and the composite chalcocite A(B1/3B￠2/3) system (A=Ba, Sr; A=Ba, Sr; B=Mg, Sr; B=Ba, Sr; B=Ba, Sr; B=Mg, Sr; B=Mg) system. Sr; B=Mg,Zn,Co,Ni,Mn; B￠=Nb,Ta) and lead-based composite chalcogenide systems on materials.
With the expanding demand for high-precision thermal devices for intelligent instrumentation, as well as the rapid popularization of handheld phones, PDAs, laptops, and other mobile information and communication devices, it has further driven the large demand for temperature sensors and thermistors. Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistors are made of metal such as Co, Mn, Ni, Cu, Fe, Al, and so on. NTC thermistors are sintered from a mixture of Co, Mn, Ni, Cu, Fe, Al, and other metals and oxides, and their resistance decreases exponentially with increasing temperature, with a resistance-temperature coefficient of a few percent, which provides excellent sensitivity and enables detection of very small temperature changes. Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor is generally made of BaTiO3 material added a small amount of rare earth elements by high temperature sintering of sensitive ceramics made of this material in the temperature rises to the Curie temperature point, its resistance value will be in the form of an exponential increase in the form of a steep rate of change of the resistance value - temperature is usually between 20 ~ 40%. The former is used in a large number of nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride and lithium batteries in the rapid charging, liquid crystal display (LCD) image contrast adjustment, cellular telephone and mobile communication systems used in a large number of temperature-compensated crystal oscillators, etc., to compensate for the temperature to ensure that the device performance is stable; in addition to micro-motors in computers, cameras, lens focusing motors, printers, printer's print head, floppy disk servo controller and pocket player drives, etc. and pocket player drive, etc., found its figure. The latter can be used for overcurrent protection, heaters, demagnetization of color TVs and monitors, start-up delays in pocket compressor motors, and preventing thermal breakdown of laptop-frequency effect tubes (FETs).
In order to ensure the smooth implementation of information, there are many materials in the silent contribution, for example, materials used in the production of green batteries: nickel-metal hydride batteries, positive and negative materials with MH alloys and Ni (OH) 2 materials, lithium-ion batteries, positive and negative electrode materials, such as LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and MCMB carbon materials; mobile phones, PCs, and such as digital cameras, MD players / MCMB carbon materials. Tantalum capacitors for mobile phones, PCs, and digital audio/video devices such as digital cameras, MD players/recorders, DVD devices, and game consoles; Modern permanent magnet material Fe14Nd2B is very important in the manufacture of permanent magnet electrodes, magnetic bearings, headphones, and microwave devices; Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) and ultra-thin, high, and low dielectric loss copper-clad laminate (CCL) materials; Epoxy molding compound Aluminum oxide, aluminum oxide and aluminum nitride ceramics are semiconductor and integrated circuit wafer packaging materials; integrated circuits with key structural and process support materials (high-purity reagents, special gases, plastic sealing materials, lead frame materials, etc.), to name a few, these in the vast world of the material star in the new materials, is playing an indispensable role in the digital life.
With the development of science and technology, large-scale integrated circuits will usher in the era of deep sub-micron (0.1mm) silicon microelectronics, less than 0.1mm line belongs to the category of nano, its line width has been similar to the number of electrons and electronic De Bruyne, electron transport scattering inside the device will also be presented in the quantization of the characteristics of the design of the device will be faced with a series of devices from the principle of operation and process technology. Therefore, the design of the device will face a series of thorny issues from the device operating principles and process technology, leading to what is often referred to as the "limit" of silicon microelectronics technology. Because the speed of photons is much faster than the speed of electrons, the frequency of light is much higher than the frequency of radio, in order to improve the transmission speed and carrier density, the carrier of information from the electron to the photon is an inevitable trend. Many kinds of radium crystals and optoelectronic materials have been developed, such as Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, Ho:YAG, Er:YAG, Ho:Cr:Tm:YAG, Er:YAG, Ho:Cr:Tm:YLF, Ti:Al2O3, YVO4, Nd:YVO4, Ti:Al2O3, KDP, KTP, BBO, BGO, LBO, LiNbO3, K(Ta,Nb)O3, Fe:KnBO3, BaTiO3, LAP, etc. All of these materials will contribute to the optoelectronic technology industry, which is mainly based on optical communication, optical storage, and optoelectronic display. With the development of information materials from electronic materials, microelectronic materials, optoelectronic materials to photonic materials, there will be single-electron storage, nano-chips, quantum computers, all-optical digital computers, superconducting computers, chemical computers, bio-computers and neural computers and other nanocomputers, which will greatly affect the digital life of mankind.
In this century, digital communication, digital switching, and digital processing technologies are beckoning us to live a digital life, step by step! --Early in the morning, MP3 speakers play pleasant morning music, urging us to get up on time; on the way to work, we turn on the laptop computer that we carry with us to make arrangements for the new day's work; after going to work, we convene Internet meetings, carry out remote teaching and real-time office work through the Internet; before going off work, we remotely activate air conditioners and humidity regulators at home to ensure that the room temperature at home is appropriate. Before work, we remotely activate the air conditioner and humidity regulator at home to ensure that the room temperature is appropriate; on the way home from work, we turn on our cell phones and watch exciting movies and TV programs at ease; before we enter our homes, we receive the goods we ordered on the Internet; when we return home, we interact with the cable TV station, watch and download our favorite movies and TV programs and songs, and create multimedia, and we can also access the social network to browse the news and learn about the weather on the Internet.... ...Doesn't it all seem marvelous? It seems out of reach. In fact, it is and will be happening around us, with the emergence of a new generation of home computers and the Internet, such a beautiful digital life will become a reality. When enjoying the digital life at the same time, drink water and think of the source, please do not forget to make a great contribution to this merit - the colorful world of new materials!