▲ The significance, characteristics and tasks of medical scientific research
Hospitals are responsible for the four major tasks of medical treatment, teaching, scientific research and preventive health care. Medical scientific research is an important means to promote the development of medicine. It is a necessary measure to ensure and continuously improve medical quality, cultivate medical talents, and promote the modernization of hospital management. The progress of hospital scientific research, the number and level of scientific and technological achievements and scientific and technological talents, and the introduction and application of new businesses and technologies are important indicators for measuring the medical and academic level of a modern hospital.
1. The significance of hospital scientific research
(1) The need to improve medical technology and quality, and improve people’s health
Hospital scientific research aims to study human beings The essence of life and the laws of occurrence, development, prevention and elimination of diseases, in order to achieve the purpose of improving human health, extending life span and improving working ability. With the continuous development of society, my country's medical model and disease spectrum have undergone significant changes. Organized medical research can provide an in-depth and systematic summary of past practical experience and deepen the understanding of human life and disease phenomena as well as their occurrence and development patterns. With this understanding, we can continuously develop new medical theories, explore new areas of research, overcome new technical difficulties, constantly seek the best ways and methods to maintain human health and prevent and treat diseases, continuously improve medical technology and medical quality, and satisfy the people's growing demand for medical technology. needs.
(2) The need to promote discipline construction and cultivate high-quality medical talents
Discipline construction is the main link in hospital business development. Without high-level scientific research support, discipline construction will become empty talk. . The level of the discipline and the popularity of experts are reflected by advanced topics and their subsequent results. Modern hospitals should cultivate high-quality medical talents who can master both clinical medical technology and engage in scientific research. Through scientific research work, they can not only consolidate the basic medical knowledge of practicing physicians, summarize clinical practice experience, and grasp and track the latest domestic and international medical developments. dynamics and trends, expand the scope of knowledge, activate ways of thinking, and develop a rigorous and pragmatic scientific research style. More importantly, through scientific research, we can cultivate a group of people with high scientific quality who can study hard, dare to imagine, dare to innovate, and dare to practice. medical talents and outstanding subject leaders. For teaching hospitals that are responsible for cultivating college students, graduate students, advanced students and international students, carrying out scientific research is of great significance for self-improvement and mutual benefit between teaching and learning.
(3) The need to strengthen academic exchanges at home and abroad and improve the academic status of hospitals
The development of human society and scientific culture has produced scientific and technological exchange activities, and academic exchanges are scientific labor. a special way and necessary means. Academic exchanges originate from scientific research, which in turn promotes scientific research and the improvement of the academic level of hospitals. Through academic exchanges, new scientific knowledge can be widely disseminated, allowing medical and scientific personnel to inspire each other, learn from each other, and activate academic thinking. , to accelerate research progress. In particular, international academic exchanges and collaborations are even more necessary to introduce new technologies and keep pace with the development of medical science.
In addition, the study of hospital management is also an important aspect of medical science. Through mutual exchanges, we can summarize and explore the practical experience of hospital management in our country and study the relevant theories, methods and technologies of modern management, which is very helpful to realize the modernization and optimization of hospital management. The essence of hospital revitalization, hospital development, creation and competition of top three hospitals and three special hospitals is the competition of scientific and technological strength. Firmly grasping the progress of medical science and technology from a strategic perspective is an important guarantee for revitalizing hospitals, developing hospitals, and improving the academic level and status of hospitals.
(4) The need to promote the coordinated development of medical science and technology and social economy and realize the development of hospitals through science and technology
The key technologies of hospital scientific research in solving disease prevention and treatment and protecting people's health When solving problems, some valuable scientific and technological achievements will inevitably be produced, such as new technologies, new processes, new methods, new materials, new formulas, new drugs, etc. used in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. On the one hand, these scientific and technological achievements directly exert obvious social benefits; on the other hand, through various forms of development such as technology transfer, technology shares, or absorption of foreign capital for joint production, they can be transformed into productive forces, create more social wealth, and generate direct economic benefits. , which can enable the hospital's scientific research to enter a virtuous cycle of supporting scientific research with scientific research, and provide good economic and material conditions for the development of the hospital, thereby achieving the purpose of developing the hospital through science and technology.
2. Characteristics of hospital scientific research
The essence of scientific research is to create knowledge and engage in the production of new knowledge. Therefore, scientific research work is extremely complex and difficult. Mental work has the basic characteristics of inheritance, creativity, and exploration. In addition to the above basic characteristics, hospital scientific research also has the following characteristics.
(1) The particularity of the research object
Medical scientific research is a science that explores the nature of human life and the relationship between disease and health. It is important to use human beings as research objects. One of its characteristics is that it is related to the life, old age, sickness and death of the people, the joys and sorrows of thousands of households, and the prosperity and decline of distribution. Therefore, scientific researchers are required to have high professional ethics and rigorous scientific research style. Medical research must comply with ethical principles, ensure safety and reliability, and must not directly or indirectly harm people's health. All experiments involving human subjects must be carried out under strict ethical principles and strict legal regulations. The internationally agreed "Guidelines for Human Experiments", the Food and Drug Administration Act of the United States and the Drug Administration Regulations formulated by the Ministry of Health of my country. Clinical trial management standards and other regulations have strict regulations on human trials, such as the principle of informed consent, experimental design and ethical principles of the conduct process, etc., which every medical researcher should follow.
Because the object of medical research and service is human beings, who are both products of nature and live in a certain social environment, possessing dual attributes of nature and society. The human body's mental and psychological conditions, physiological activities and disease processes are also affected by social factors, thus increasing the complexity of medical research. This requires medical researchers to be more meticulous and rigorous when formulating research plans and considering research options to ensure the accuracy and scientificity of the research results.
(2) Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary nature of research work
The development of modern science is highly differentiated and highly comprehensive. It is widely recognized that interdisciplinary subjects are fertile ground for cultivating innovative academic ideas. Looking at the history of research on disease prevention and treatment, every major research result requires not only the dedicated research of individual experts and scholars, but also the collaboration of an optimally combined multidisciplinary group. Therefore, when conducting medical scientific research, we must pay attention to the management research of joint research across disciplines and systems. It is necessary to vigorously promote the cross-penetration between disciplines and implement the development policy of integrating science, engineering and medicine, integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine, integrating basic and clinical medicine, and integrating high and new technologies with improving the overall scientific and technological level of my country's medical and health undertakings. Give full play to advantages, form characteristics, have limited goals, and make key breakthroughs to achieve the purpose of producing talents, results, and benefits. For small and medium-sized hospitals that do not have strong scientific and technological strength, they should also pay attention to strengthening horizontal connections and scientific and technological collaboration with higher-level hospitals and scientific research institutions. This is helpful for using others' talents, technology, information and equipment advantages to improve their own scientific and technological quality and scientific research level. Very beneficial.
(3) Researchers are restricted by objective conditions
Hospitals have heavy medical and teaching tasks, and most scientific researchers work part-time. Therefore, conducting hospital scientific research is often subject to various objective conditions. Conditional restrictions. The most prominent ones are that scientific research time is not fully guaranteed, the continuity of scientific research work is poor, and the research conditions and environment are not as satisfactory as those of research institutions. At the same time, they will also face the risk of assuming scientific research responsibilities and the personal economic income is not as good as those engaged in medical treatment. It can be said that hospital scientific and technological personnel have embarked on an arduous journey since the establishment of scientific research projects. If the projects obtained through competition are not guaranteed by manpower, time and good experimental conditions, it will eventually affect the execution of the research projects as planned, and even cause interruption. Therefore, scientific research management departments and scientific and technological personnel should first solve in-depth understanding problems, strengthen the awareness of "rejuvenating the country through science and technology" and "revitalizing the hospital through science and technology", and correctly handle the relationship between medicine, teaching and research. Hospitals should create a good scientific research environment and experimental conditions for scientific and technological personnel, and formulate corresponding preferential and incentive policies. For example, according to the actual situation, a certain period of "scientific research leave" should be arranged for clinical scientific and technological personnel every year to engage in scientific research to ensure that the time for subject personnel to participate in scientific research work is guaranteed, and to ensure that their financial welfare benefits during the period of scientific research are not lower than those of clinical workers. . This is necessary to protect the interests of scientific and technological personnel, give full play to the enthusiasm of scientific and technological personnel, and ensure the smooth development of scientific research work.
(4) Research purpose and social welfare of the results
The purpose of medical scientific research is to protect human health and directly serve the most important factor in social productivity - the labor force. , which is directly related to social production and is a social welfare undertaking.
For example, the invention of cowpox enabled the eradication of smallpox worldwide, and the discovery of antibiotics gave countless people in critical condition a new lease of life due to bacterial infections. Today, as the medical model and disease spectrum undergo fundamental changes, new basic medical theories, new diagnostic and treatment technologies and methods, new drugs and instruments are constantly providing new medical and health care measures to mankind. Therefore, for medical research that focuses on social benefits, government departments and the whole society must recognize and encourage the contribution of the research results to society, and reward social welfare results with economic means consistent with socioeconomic conditions. , it is necessary to promote and commend the dedication of researchers in public welfare undertakings, and provide them with the material guarantees needed to engage in research work.
3. The tasks of hospital scientific research
According to the "National Hospital Work Regulations", hospitals must carry out scientific research mainly to improve the level of clinical medical care. At the same time, we must also actively create conditions to carry out research on experimental medicine and basic theories, and generate new technologies for diagnosis and treatment at home and abroad, thereby continuously improving the quality of medical care and developing medical science.
The tasks of hospital scientific research can be summarized into the following aspects according to the source of the task, the type of scientific and technological activities or the research content.
(1) Classification by task source
1. Vertical scientific research tasks: refers to topics and projects assigned by government departments at all levels. Including scientific research tasks determined in national, departmental and professional development plans, or scientific research topics proposed by the Ministry of Health based on the requirements for the development of medical and health services and some scientific and technological difficulties encountered in disease prevention and treatment. Such as national and Ministry of Health key research projects, "863", "973" projects, National Natural Science Foundation of China, various ministries, provinces, committees and bureaus fund projects, etc. Generally, it is assigned to the undertaking unit through merit selection or bidding. For hospitals, it is first necessary to ensure the implementation and realization of this part of the task. Each unit must based on its own advantages and characteristics, experimental equipment conditions, and the capabilities and expertise of scientific and technological personnel, etc. Actively create conditions to achieve national tasks.
2. Horizontal scientific research tasks: This type of research and development projects are based on horizontal scientific and technological contracts. They are mainly entrusted by enterprises and institutions, and research funds are generally provided by the entrusting units. Since my country opened its technology market, such research and development projects have been increasing day by day. Because they are highly comprehensive, they often require cross-department, cross-industry, and cross-system collaboration to be completed. A positive attitude must be adopted to undertake the task and be coordinated. Guaranteed by joining the plan.
3. Free choice of topic: It is a research topic proposed by the scientific and technological personnel themselves based on the development of the discipline and the expertise of the scientific and technological personnel, combined with the actual needs of medical and health work. Part of it will be funded by the unit where it is based, such as hospital and institute funds, etc. after review, approval and other procedures. The other part is the topics that scientific and technological personnel research on their own based on their own interests or practical problems encountered in scientific research, teaching and medical practice. As long as the self-selected topic has innovative academic ideas, it is likely to develop into a major scientific research topic and has a strong reserve nature. Therefore, we should pay full attention to self-selected topics and actively create conditions to support and nurture them.
(2) Classification by types of scientific and technological activities
Due to different ways of applying for projects, it is necessary to classify scientific and technological activities according to the research categories of UNESCO.
1. Basic research. It is a research activity with the purpose of understanding natural phenomena and exploring natural laws, with no or only general social application assumptions. This type of research is highly exploratory, has a long research cycle, and requires high research methods. The results of the research are often some scientific discoveries, which have an impact on a wide range of scientific fields, often illustrate a wide range of truths, and become universal principles, theories, or laws. Basic medical research is to explore and understand the basic laws of life activities, explore and reveal the general laws of disease occurrence, development and outcome, thereby providing scientific theoretical basis for medical treatment and prevention technology and guiding medical scientific practice.
2. Applied research. Research mainly aimed at a specific target with practical application value. It often uses the results of basic research to specifically study the means and methods of how to utilize and transform nature, and to study practical problems in various technologies. Such as research on disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention methods, research on new drugs, new biological products, new medical technologies and equipment, etc.
3. Development research. Also known as development research, it is a creative activity that uses knowledge from basic research and applied research to promote new materials, new products, new designs, new processes and new methods, or to make major and substantial improvements to them.
The difference between it and the first two types of research is that basic research and applied research are to increase and expand scientific and technological knowledge, while development research is mainly to promote and open up new applications.
The above three types of research complement each other, promote each other and can be transformed into each other. Basic research is the basis of applied research, and applied research is the application of basic research. Application and development research not only further continue and confirm the results of basic research, but in turn promote the development of basic research.
(3) Classification by research content
1. Clinical medical research. Includes research on diagnostic methods and treatments. The goal of diagnostic method research is to develop in the direction of early, specific, non-invasive, trace, accurate, fast and simple, and gradually realize the mechanization and automation of diagnostic technology. Research on treatment methods includes drugs, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, physiotherapy, physical therapy, mental and psychological therapy, nutritional therapy, etc. The purpose is to be safe and convenient, with reliable and repeatable efficacy, and the combination must be accurate.
Clinical medical research should also pay attention to the research work of integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine. my country's traditional Chinese medicine is one of the knowledge systems for studying human life phenomena and pathological phenomena. Its unique theory and unique methods of preventing and treating diseases, The means of health care have attracted worldwide attention. We must strive to develop medicine with Chinese characteristics, use modern scientific research methods and technologies, and actively accelerate and improve the process and level of traditional Chinese medicine scientific research.
2. Preventive medicine research. With the transformation of the medical model and the proposal of the "tertiary prevention" theory, medical research should transform from pure treatment to preventive treatment. Early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment of diseases, infection monitoring, disinfection and isolation, prevention of cross-infection, reduction of comorbidities, prevention of chronicity of acute diseases, social prevention, and social health care are all important contents of hospital preventive medicine research.
3. Basic medical research. Basic medical research is extremely important for the development of clinical medicine. As mentioned earlier, these studies can provide scientific theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. It is the source, backing and forerunner of new technologies and inventions. Especially for hospitals that are responsible for teaching, basic research plays a very important role in improving the academic level of teachers, updating teaching materials, transforming old majors, establishing emerging interdisciplinary subjects, and promoting the training of graduate and undergraduate students. Therefore, all hospitals must actively create conditions to encourage and support basic medical research.
4. Hospital management research. The hospital's management department is responsible for important tasks such as decision-making, command, organization, and coordination. When the human, financial, and material conditions are basically the same, the development and improvement of the hospital largely depends on effective scientific management and organizational capabilities. Under the current new situation of market economy, how to deepen the internal system reform of hospitals, how to better learn and introduce advanced management theories, management techniques and methods, and quickly realize the efficiency of management systems and management institutions, and the experts of management personnel. The automation of management technology, as well as the scientificization, standardization and institutionalization of management methods, how to better give full play to the human, material, financial and various technical capabilities of the hospital are also one of the important contents of medical research.
(Selected from "The Complete Book of Modern Hospital Management" edited by Ding Hanzhang and others, Hangzhou Publishing House, 1999)