1. General Chapter
The F1 Grand Prix is an international competition led by the FIA (Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile). It consists of the FIA, the teams and the Grand Prix. The aim is to improve the level of racing and the development of automobile technology.
2. Teams and Drivers
Teams and drivers participating in the race must have a license approved by the FIA. Each team must have two cars in the race and a designated driver to drive on behalf of the team. In the event of a driver's accident, an additional driver may be designated. However, no driver or team can miss a race at will.
3. Qualifying
Qualifying is the process of determining the starting order for the official Grand Prix. On the day before the official race, during a designated hour, drivers from each team race on the track, and the fastest lap time is used to determine the starting grid order for the following day. This is very scientific. Qualifying lasts one hour and each car is allowed a maximum of 12 laps, during which the driver tries to get the best possible lap time.
4. Starting
When it's time to start the race, the warm-up lap starts first, to ensure the safety of the drivers. If a driver's car goes out at this point, he will be last at the start; if the driver's car is still in the Pit, then the driver will start at the entrance to the Pit. These drivers' original parking spaces are vacant. After warming up the tires, the cars return to their starting positions and the 5 starting lights come on one at a time, all on and then when all 5 go out together, the car can start. If the car is still off and cannot be started at this time, it will be withdrawn from the race.
5. During the race
If a driver's car has an accident during the race, the driver can go back to the race if the accident is mild, and quit if the accident is serious. If the car stalls, the driver can restart it within 10 seconds and can still continue the race. When the race committee believes that the accident or the environment causes danger, it will dance the yellow flag, at this time generally not allowed to overtake. If the race committee thinks that the accident or environment makes it impossible to race normally, it will send out the Safty Car (SC), and the SC will lead the race until the race committee thinks that the race can be resumed (the SC is allowed to lead the race until the end of the race). If the Race Committee feels that the race is just not going to go on, they can call a halt to the race and delay the re-run. When the leading car overtakes a slower car, the race committee will wave the blue flag to signal the slower car to get out of the way.
6. In the Pit
A car can enter the pit in the middle of a race to change tires, refuel or make repairs. The time spent in the pit is counted as race time. When entering the Pit, cars must be below 50km/h for crew safety or they will be penalized. Each car will enter its own team's Pit, no speeding is allowed in the Pit and drivers are not allowed to leave the car.
7. Finish line
A driver's final result is determined by the time the car first touches the vertical plane of the Finish line. At this point the checkered flag will be waved and a lap around the track will be celebrated after the finish line.
8. Crews
Crews may give instructions and tips to their own drivers, but may not interfere with other drivers.
9. Penalties
If you speed in the Pit, you will be penalized with a 10-second stop in the Pit, and if you block the lead car that is overtaking, you will be penalized with a 10-second stop in the Pit.
10. Race Results
Points will be awarded based on race positions as follows:
1st place ---------------------10 points
2nd place ---------------------06 points
3rd place ------------- --------04 points
Fourth place ---------------------03 points
Fifth place ---------------------02 points
Sixth place ---------------------01 points
Riders who achieve the above rankings can add the corresponding points to his personal points, and the team he represents will also get the corresponding points.
11. Prize-giving
The national anthems of the winners and of the teams are played, then the prizes are awarded by the organizers of the race, and then it's time to pop the champagne and celebrate.
New F1 rules for 2003
Timed races:
- There are two timed races in a race - Friday and Saturday, from 13.00 - 14.00.
- Each driver has one chance to run a solo lap around the field.
- The starting order on Friday was last year's winner first off the grid, followed by the runner-up driver and the others in that order.
- The starting order for the week is based on Friday's times, so the fastest driver on Friday will start last on Saturday, the second fastest driver will start second from the bottom, and so on.
Free Practice Schedule:
Free practice will continue to be held from 11.00am - 12.00pm on Friday morning and 09.00am - 09.45am and 10.15am - 11.00pm on Saturday morning, with time trials taking place from 13.00pm - 14.00pm on both days, as previously mentioned.
Testing:
Before December 15, at least three teams must give assurances to the FIA that they will not test privately for more than 10 test days between March 1 and November 1, and those teams that give such assurances will be able to test on Friday mornings from 09.00 to 11.00 at each race, and will be able to use their reserve cars and test drivers to come down to the track during this time. .
WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP POINTS:
Beginning in 2003, points will be awarded to the top 8 finishing cars, in the order of 10:8:6:5:4:3:2:1 (previously 10:6:4:3:2:1 for the top 6).
Ban Team Orders:
Ban Team orders that would hinder the outcome of the race.
Cancellation of Belgium 2003:
Belgium 2003 was removed from the schedule due to unresolved issues with smokers' advertising.
Tires:
Each team will be allowed to use two different dry tires per race, (previously each tire manufacturer could only offer his teams the same two sets of dry tires). Teams are still limited to 10 sets of dry tires per race and one type of rain tire per race.
Introduction to F-1 Racing Rules(1)
The original car races were run on city streets or inter-city highways and were not well developed in terms of rules, which limited the speed of the cars and threatened the safety of spectators and pedestrians. To improve conditions for car racing, permanent circuits gradually appeared. Nowadays, F-l competitions are held at dedicated racing circuits following certain rules.
I. Principle Rules
Considering the need for fair competition and safety, etc., the FIA has formulated the following three principle rules:
1. As far as possible, participants are allowed to race under the same conditions, and give equal play to their potentials and competitive levels, in order to maximize the possibility of playing the game and the level of sports. According to this principle, the cylinder displacement, fuel type, tire size, racing weight and racing dimensions of the cars are regulated in detail. The installation of aerodynamic devices is also specified, as this device has downforce on the tires, which can increase the speed of the car.
2. Ensure that the maximum possible safety measures are provided to prevent accidents. This principle includes the limitation of the basic structure of the car: military aviation tires, safety rubber fuel tanks, fuel retardant, safety helmets and other devices limited; fuel depot location and pit stop fuel placed in the location of the limited and the use of special protective measures; driver access to the cockpit and the size of the cockpit must also be limited.
3. Limit expenses and prohibit increasing the number of races in order to prevent a heavy financial burden on individuals and teams. According to this principle, the number of cylinders of the engine is limited to no more than 12, and the appearance should be round, but also must be four-stroke interchangeable and naturally aspirated; limited to four wheels, two of which can be driven. It is limited to 16 races per year.
Second, Fl race F-l car race must be carried out in the special race track, the length and width of the special race track, road conditions, safety measures are extremely strict requirements. Generally speaking, the special circuit for the ring, each lap is 3-7 kilometers long, the total length of the track can not be too long, 305-320 kilometers. For safety reasons, the track is usually lined with a wide grass or sand area to separate the spectators from the track. Now in the official race of many venues, the Morocco track is the shortest (3.328 kilometers), Belgium's Spa track is the longest (6.94 kilometers), the FIA regulations do not allow excessive long straights, the purpose is to limit the high speed, to avoid danger. In general, the following equipment is essential for a standard F-l circuit:
Track - 7-18 meters wide and 3.0-7.0 kilometers long. Numerous corners are necessary to avoid excessive speeds.
Start and Finish Straight - 12 meters wide and 250 meters long. It is possible to place two cars side by side without overcrowding.
Grandstands - need to be separated from the track by a barbed wire fence and 1.2 meter high rails.
Camera and TV tower - for the TV broadcast.
Big screen TV - to be placed opposite the grandstands, so that the spectators in the grandstands can easily understand all the races.
Safety Personnel Observatory - Located in a relatively dangerous area for safety personnel to keep the track clear, deal with incidents, signal drivers of potential danger, etc.
Safety Personnel Observatory - Located in a relatively dangerous area for safety personnel to keep the track clear, deal with incidents, signal drivers of potential danger, etc.
Helicopters - ready to provide emergency care to injured riders.
Medical Station - a protected location next to the Pit Stop with an operating room and first aid room.
Pit stops - one per team - are permanent facilities.
Sponsor's Reception Stand - a raised platform located behind the Repair Station overlooking the Repair Station.
Paddock - parking area for transportation and camping vehicles.
Race Control Tower - Located on the second level of the entire tower overlooking the entrance to the Pit, where the marshal communicates with the safety personnel via radio to control the race.
Most of the F-1 racecourses are located in Europe. Between 1950 and 1995, 580 F-l races*** were held on five continents: 407 in Europe (70%); 125 in the Americas (22%); 24 in Africa (4%); 13 in Asia (2%); and 11 in Oceania (2%). In Europe, the circuits that have hosted the most F-l races are Monza in Italy 45 times, Monaco 42 times, Zandvoort in the Netherlands 30 times, Spa in Belgium 30 times, Silverstone in the United Kingdom 29 times and Nuremberg in Germany 24 times.
III Qualifying and Final
The official race is divided into two stages: timed qualifying and the final.
Only 26 cars can take part in the final of each race. If there are more than 26 entries, a pre-final will be held for the drivers with poor results in the past, and the top 4 will be taken out and grouped together with the 26 cars from the previous race for the time trial qualifying, and the final 26 cars will be determined to take part in the final. Timed qualifying is arranged two days before the final, through the 60-minute sports car, respectively, the fastest lap time of each car, the car with the least time in the final will be in the front of the track (if the first corner of the track is a right-hand corner, the first car will be lined up on the right side; otherwise it will be located on the left side), and so on. If two or more cars have the same time for the fastest lap, the first driver to finish the time trial takes precedence. The position of the cars on the track is very important, as the driver at the front of the grid will have the advantage of turning into the first corner first (with priority to the inside corner). On the day of the final, drivers will have 23 laps of free practice (9:30-10:15am and 11:30-11:15am) to check the working condition of all parts of the car. Half an hour before the race, all cars must be in the lined up position (two cars in a row, 25 - 7,6 meters apart), the countdown starts 5 minutes before the start and the engines start when the last minute is left. As soon as the green flag appears, the cars start for the last warm-up lap, but there is no overtaking or changing of cars (which is possible during the practice sessions). After one lap, the cars remain in the same order, waiting for the showdown to begin. A few seconds later, the signal is given and the final race begins, with the cars charging forward as if they were wild horses. Tires can be changed during the race, and the cars can be repaired in the pits if they break down, but this takes time away from the race. Therefore, when a driver realizes that his car has broken down, he should notify the pit stops in advance by means of a communication device. If a car stops on the track due to a breakdown, it will be pushed away by the track crew (not the team pit crew) and will be disqualified from the race.
Generally, F-l races are run even in the rain. If it rains really hard, the race organizers may also suspend or cancel the race for safety reasons. The greatest danger of racing in the rain does not come from the driver's ability to control the car, but rather from the fact that the spray thrown up by the wide tires reduces the visibility of the field considerably. For this reason, a red signal light must be mounted on the rear of the car and remain on throughout the race. The rules on whether refueling is permitted during a race have varied from time to time. Initially there were no rules at all, but since 1986 refueling has not been permitted in order to prevent drivers from adding mass to a car that may be too light for the ground towards the end of the race. However, this rule was unanimously opposed by the participating teams, coupled with the fact that sometimes due to rain and other reasons and have to reduce the speed of the car, often before the end of the race, the fuel in the tank will be depleted, so the organizers often need to be forced to stop the race in the middle of the race, which added a lot of trouble. 1994 January 1, approved by the FIA, the revised new rules to allow cars to refuel in the middle of the race.
Four Pit Stops
In order to run a race smoothly and win, every F-l team must have a pit crew of highly qualified personnel. Since the cars are allowed to change tires and refuel midway through the race, this means that the pit crews must work together flawlessly, not just to minimize the loss of time, but more importantly to minimize the deadly danger associated with it - just one drop of gasoline on a hot exhaust pipe and the car is in great danger of suffering a misfire.
In the pits, the engine technician has three computer screens at his disposal: the first displays the engine's performance data; the second shows the entire race; and the third shows the position and time of the car on each lap.
Any team's pit stop needs at least 17 mechanics: three to remove and replace each wheel (one to remove and tighten the nuts, one to remove the old tires, and one to replace the new wheel); two to operate the front and rear quick dry jacks; two to refuel; and a chief mechanic with a command sign. To these seventeen mechanics are sometimes added a refueling assistant, an engine technician, and two mechanics, who are responsible for wiping down the driver's visor and removing paper or debris from the side compartment air intakes, respectively, in order to keep the radiators in optimum working order.
When a car breaks down during a race, the driver first uses his radio to contact the chief mechanic in the pits to request a pit stop. After receiving the chief mechanic's message that "the pit is ready", the driver drives to the pit and stops right in front of the quick jacks. The moment the car comes to a stop, the chief mechanic holds a long-handled round sign in front of the driver, telling him to keep the brake pedal pressed (Brakes on). The two men manning the front and rear jacks move together to lift the car off the ground. Once the car is jacked up, 12 people split into three groups and run to the four wheels, using efficient pneumatic tools in their hands to quickly remove the old tires and replace them with new ones. The two mechanics in charge of refueling injected the pressurized gasoline into the fuel tank at a speed of 9 liters per second. Due to the high level of training and skill, a successful tire change can take as little as 6-8 seconds (McLaren changed Senna's tires in 5.11 seconds during the 1993 British Grand Prix; Williams changed Prost's tires in 8.02 seconds). Generally speaking, the length of time a car spends in the pits depends on the refueling time, which is compressed to the limit. Once the refueling was complete, the chief mechanic flipped the long-handled circular sign he had been holding to the go side (G0), the driver released the brake pedal, and the car re-entered the hotly-contested track like an arrow out of a string.
Because almost every part of a high-speed race car (especially the engine exhaust, wheels, tires, calipers, etc.) are very high temperature, the mechanic in the maintenance process a little careless will be burned. In order to avoid this phenomenon, in addition to the requirement that the mechanic should be very careful when repairing, tire changing mechanic must also wear plush gloves. In addition, in order to prevent accidental fire, mechanics are wearing fireproof jumpers and helmets.