Fiscal policy is the basic criterion formulated by the state to guide fiscal distribution activities and deal with various fiscal distribution relations. It is a reflection of the objective financial distribution relationship on the will of the state.
Under the condition of modern market economy, fiscal policy is also a tool for the state to intervene in the economy and achieve macroeconomic goals. The fiscal policy of all exploiting class countries is to maintain their super-economic exploitation relationship.
When its rulers are on the rise, they can often conform to the historical development trend to a certain extent and adopt a fiscal policy more suitable for the development of productive forces. However, with the intensification of various social contradictions, fiscal policy will be increasingly unable to meet the requirements of the development of productive forces, thus hindering social and economic development.
Extended data:
Fiscal policy should actively adapt to the requirements of "countercyclical adjustment". By further deepening the reform of the fiscal and taxation system, we should find the breakthrough point of "intensifying efforts and improving efficiency", do a good job in current economic work and better cope with risk challenges.
The first is to implement the fiscal policy of increasing aggregate demand. In terms of expanding final consumption, we should increase the issuance of special treasury bonds, better promote infrastructure construction, develop public services, and effectively solve the development bottlenecks encountered by education, parenting, medical care, medical care, culture, tourism and other industries; It is necessary to promote the reform of individual income tax, implement special additional deduction standards, and enhance consumers' spending power.
In guiding the consumption of intermediate products and expanding investment, we should promote the reform of enterprise income tax, innovate and pilot the investment tax deduction mechanism, and promote productive investment such as machinery and equipment procurement;
Implement and promote the policy of "supporting manufacturing enterprises to add floors according to laws and regulations, transform factories, arrange internal land and expand production and storage places, improve the level of intensive land use, and no longer raise land prices" to promote investment in fixed assets such as factory renovation of industrial enterprises;
Through the relevant government support funds, we will better cooperate with financial institutions, carry out warehouse receipt pledge business, support and promote inventory investment, and facilitate the capital flow of enterprises.
The second is to implement a fiscal policy to increase the rate of return. Implement comprehensive tax cuts in the production field and comprehensively improve the initiative and efficiency of enterprises. The comprehensive tax reduction in the production field includes not only the reduction of tax in production links, but also the reduction of income tax related to production activities.
We can consider the value-added tax as a direct productive tax, continue to reform in the direction of "the tax rate is changed from three grades to two grades, and the multi-layer tax burden is convergent" and continue to reduce the tax rate;
Enterprise income tax reform should adhere to the principle of "actual benefit and fair market", deepen tax reduction arrangements, focus on encouraging innovation, increasing productive investment and promoting high-quality development, substantially increase the content of pre-tax deduction, and continue to explore the conditions and scope of reducing the tax rate of SMEs;
On the basis of existing achievements, the reform of individual income tax should continue to advance towards the direction of comprehensive family collection and subdivision of management income categories according to functional attributes. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the basic position of competition policy, especially to pay attention to the practice of applying relevant policies to the allocation of financial resources and government procurement management.
Further improve the arrangement of government procurement system, so that the government procurement market can be better integrated with the general commodity market; Improve the efficiency and ability of the government to purchase services, make full use of market forces, adhere to fair competition, and form a situation in which the government purchases services and market participants participate together.
The third is to implement the fiscal policy to improve the credit level. To maintain the basic stability of the market financing environment, it is necessary to improve the credit level, and fiscal policy is the main force to improve the credit level and carry out risk conversion.
It is necessary to take the national financing guarantee fund as the carrier, and effectively promote the shareholders of the fund's commercial financial institutions, local government re-guarantee companies and local guarantee institutions to actively carry out business through the business arrangements of "total to total", "state to province" and "upper to lower" investment.
Provide guarantee and credit enhancement services for enterprises in the real economy, especially private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, and adhere to the principle of low guarantee cost and low profit operation;
Taking risk compensation and risk discount as the direction, we will strengthen borrowing capacity by setting up government subsidies, conducting government interest subsidies or setting up government risk compensation funds, and appropriately reduce the financing cost and risk discount level of enterprises.
The fourth is to implement the fiscal policy of optimizing resource allocation. In accordance with the requirements of supply-side structural reform, we will make good financial policy arrangements, clean up "zombie enterprises" and inefficient stocks, and expand the increment of high quality and efficiency. Specifically including:
Promote the effective cleaning of inventory. After the "de-capacity" enters a stable period, focus on optimizing asset allocation and transferring employees' employment, further do a good job in the later stage, and consider establishing a late support fund for "de-capacity";
Promote the orderly expansion of high-quality increments, and on the basis of adhering to competition, implement financial reward and compensation arrangements (post-compensation) for efficient and high-quality policy entities in relevant market areas.
The fifth is to implement fiscal policy and improve effective supply capacity. Generally speaking, it includes two directions: supporting enterprise innovation and improving market organization, that is, improving the ability to enjoy scientific research conditions, optimizing the layout and structure of national innovation system, and increasing support for innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises;
Increase market infrastructure construction, focus on improving the organization, efficiency and identifiability of the market, and provide services for market differentiated competition and comprehensive government supervision. On this basis, we should promote the cooperation between the government and social capital, adhere to the existing mechanisms and practices, and establish a new relationship and organizational model of cooperation between the government and social capital on the principle of incremental sharing and social capital taking risks.
It should also be noted that the relevant financial reform and policy design need to conform to the direction and requirements of establishing a modern financial system. From the perspective of sustainability, we should accurately grasp the "degree" of fiscal macro-control, make full use of the market, and ensure the sustainability of public services.
From a systematic point of view, while making arrangements for comprehensive productive tax reduction, we should also establish relevant effective balance mechanisms to ensure financial security, which can not only meet the policy objectives, but also ensure the long-term and normative tax reduction. From the perspective of efficiency, we should adhere to the unity, coordination and order of fiscal reform and macro-control policies to avoid unnecessary policy internal friction and effectiveness offset.
From the perspective of risk prevention, it is necessary to promote tax reduction and fee reduction on a larger scale, greatly expand the issuance of special bonds, standardize the government borrowing mechanism, emphasize that national debt is the only form for the government to borrow debts, emphasize that hidden debts are fully included in monitoring and management, expand the issuance of national debt on the basis of balancing risks and benefits, and promote the circulation of bond pledges.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Fiscal Policy
People's Daily Online-How does the proactive fiscal policy "increase strength and increase efficiency"