compounds, B vitamins and cellulose, etc. It is a good
cultivation of edible fungi raw materials, as long as the appropriate amount of wine lees add
into the auxiliary materials, can be suitable for the growth of a variety of edible fungi. Both
can reduce the production cost of edible fungi, but also to solve the problem of environmental
environmental pollution.
I, lees pretreatment: lees contain alcohols, aldehydes and acidic substances unfavorable to the growth of edible fungi,
especially with
organic acids are more substances that must be processed before use. You can
add 1% to 3% of lime powder to the fresh lees by fresh weight, and adjust the
pH value to 8 to 11 (depending on the strain).
Wine lees cultivation of edible fungi, second, auxiliary materials to join: a certain proportion of wood
shavings should be added. In addition, to properly add nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and other auxiliary
materials, the water content of the material in 60% to 65%. With
Proportions are: 100 kilograms of fresh wine lees, 50 kilograms of sawdust,
15 kilograms of corn hearts, 20 kilograms of cotton hulls, 5 kilograms of urea.
Three, bagging, inoculation: after adjusting the material, the selection of suitable
suitable polyethylene bags (depending on the strain), the use of layering
species method of evenly spread.
Four, mushroom period management: due to the lees nutrient-rich
rich, easy to be contaminated by microorganisms, we should always observe
whether there are abnormal changes in the bag of strains and
regularly indoor disinfection
management. (Zhao Chunhai Binzhou Vocational College
Institute Zip Code:256624)
Wine lees are rich in crude protein and crude fat, high caloric energy. The crude protein content is 54% higher than that of jade
milk and the crude fat is 38% higher than that of corn. In addition, due to the massive reproduction and accumulation of microorganisms
during the fermentation of wine lees, the composition and types of ammonia tomb acid in protein are relatively balanced and basically
are full-valent. Wine lees are also rich in minerals, of which calcium, iron and other major trace elements
content is more than 10 times higher than that of wheat and corn.
Rural areas are now commonly used lees directly as feed for livestock, where a large amount of egg
white matter can not be transformed, it is difficult to be absorbed and utilized, resulting in a great waste. The use of lees to make with
feed, is to increase the efficiency, so that it is better digested and absorbed economic and effective methods. According to the livestock and poultry
different feeding standards to add trace elements and other additives, can be made into different with the feed.
Use of lees to make concentrate feed. It is first sun-dried or dried, then crushed, and then sent to the drum
sieve sieve, sieve away the coarse matter. Sieve sieving process, continuous water spraying drenching, sieve off the material sent to the away
Steam Kamalin gurgling Han
Apologize {{Sideburns Lin sparkling prison steaming. .2 a. Between .8. If it is reused for fermentation winemaking, the effect is very good. Each ton of fresh wine lees can be processed for about 5 yuan
.
Wine lees can also make balsamic vinegar. Will be closed storage 1-3 years of wine lees 10. kilograms of water 20.
400 kilograms, let it fermentation, summer 2-3 days, winter 5-6 days up to the climax of fermentation, 7-10 days
fermentation is over, pressing the juice. Then according to a certain proportion of formula, according to the lees 25%, hot lees juice (6oC)
25%, vinegar seed liquid 5. % mixed, maintain a constant temperature of 30 ℃ fermentation for 30 days. Skim off the bacterial film and then stored, after 3
a 6 months, filtering that is balsamic vinegar. Calculated by annual output of 30 tons of pure vinegar, it can save 3.8 tons of grain.
Wine lees can also make sodium acetate. Soak the lees in cold water and filter the leachate, remove the suspended
substances, and then add alkali (NaOH) to adjust the pH to about 7. Further heating and concentration, decolorization with activated carbon, after
second filtration into the tile pool after crystallization for 24 hours. Then the crystallization was dehydrated and dried to obtain sodium acetate as
product. (Yang Baoai)
Use of alcohol lees to produce high protein feed
Li Dongshan Lu Shulan, Xi'an Institute of Light Industry Machinery Design, Ministry of Light Industry
One of the significance of the use of alcohol lees to produce
high protein feed
Our country's food industry in the alcohol, starch sugar, monosodium glutamate, citric
acid and other industries are mainly based on food as raw materials. In 1988, about
5 million tons of grain was used, but the utilization rate of raw materials is low, at least 30-40%
of the raw materials have become waste water and waste residue.
In 1988, our country produced alcohol
1.08 million tons, and discharged 1.5 million tons of high-concentration waste liquid to the outside world.
Maize in the process of making alcohol only consumes starch, and the protein
is wasted.
Corn only consumes starch in the process of alcohol production, and protein
is wasted for nothing, and the content of dry matter in the lees waste liquid reaches 5 a
8%, and the total amount of residual organic matter in 1 ton of alcohol distillation waste liquid is
500kg or more, and the waste is really considerable every year.
Production of alcohol discharged waste biological oxygen demand (BOD) high
Up to 20,000-30,000p.p.M (national emission standards for
60P.P.M), chemical oxygen demand (COD) as high as 40,000 a
s000oP.P.M (national emission standards for the 10oP.P.M) due
and the environmental impact of the alcohol distillation waste liquid is
8%, 1 ton of alcohol distillation residual organic matter in the total amount of
500kg or more, the annual waste is really substantial. p>
And the environmental pollution is very serious.
The world's industrially developed countries attach great importance to this, using
different ways of alcohol waste liquid treatment, governance of the environment
pollution thoroughly the most successful is the wine lees waste liquid with the full drying method
into a high-protein feed, known as DDGS, the protein content of up to
27 ~ 30%, is a waste into treasure! Project, the production of 1 ton of wine
Sperm can be co-produced l tons of high-protein feed, the cost of 500 a 600
RMB / ton, the sale price of 900 yuan / ton, an annual output of 15,000 tons of
Sprinkles plant a year can make a profit of 4.5-6 million yuan, the discharge of the waste liquid
Treated BOD of 34P.P.M, can be achieved in full recycling.
China's large population, to improve people's lives, we have to make great
Force the development of aquaculture, the State Council planning for 1990 with feed for
50 million tons. Need 6 million tons of protein, and China's existing situation
which provides up to half of the grain meal, still need 3 million tons of
protein (7 million tons of folded cake meal), for which the annual imports of fish bone
powder consumption of foreign exchange of about 200 million U.S. dollars.
This shows that the use of alcohol waste lees production of high-protein feed
Not only can make the factory waste into treasure, increase economic benefits, but also on
The governance of environmental pollution, to alleviate the shortage of feed, the development of
farming, are of great significance.
Two, domestic and foreign comprehensive utilization of lees profile
With the increasingly stringent requirements for environmental protection and corn prices
Decline in the economic benefits of the alcohol plant, alcohol lees processing more and more
The more attention is being paid to the more application of the following major:
1.Cultivation of feed yeast with waste lees. The main process
is the separation of lees waste liquid by centrifugation or precipitation into slag and
filtrate, slag directly to the drying of feed, with filtrate cultivation of yeast
mothers, each cubic meter of alcohol waste liquid can produce 12~15kg of yeast
mothers, with a protein content of 40-45%, the most adaptable cultivation temperature
degree of 35 ℃, the production of a kilogram of yeast needs to be 35 ℃, the production of a kilogram of yeast, the production of a kilogram of yeast, the production of a kilogram of yeast, the production of a kilogram of yeast.
The most suitable culture temperature
is 35℃, the production of one kilogram of yeast needs to pass 10m3 air, '
BOD removal rate of 40%, COD removal rate of 50%. The Soviet Union and
Eastern Europe, some countries use this method to deal with lees waste liquid, domestic like
Xuzhou Alcohol General Factory to produce alcohol from potato raw materials in the
Active experimental work. The key to the technology lies in the screening of yeast
selection, the yeast that is to consume the accumulated substances in the waste liquid, itself
and can not be metabolized in order to avoid adverse
effects on the various processes of alcoholic fermentation, the domestic use of strains of Pseudohyphae SH 1 and 2
No. 2, plus a small amount of urea (0.06 a 0.1%) and phosphoric acid (0.
02%). >02%). The problem is that the treatment of pollution is not complete, power consumption
gas are more.
2. fermentation of waste lees to produce biogas
Separated lees, the waste liquid into a large biogas tower
10-12 days of fermentation, thus producing biogas. In foreign countries, Japan,
India use this method more, the domestic Nanyang Alcohol Plant, Shandong Penglai
Distillery and Shandong Longkou Distillery, in the use of alcohol lees production of biogas
Use of lees production of high protein feed - Li Dongshan, Lu Shulan
have made the results of the practice has proved that IM3 lees can be produced
22M"
This is the first time in the history of the world to use alcohol lees as a source of biogas, but it is not the only time to use alcohol lees. >
22M" biogas, B[)D removal rate of 90 write, COD removal rate
up to 86%. The disadvantage is that the fermentation tank covers a large area, the fermentation week
period is long, and the activated sludge has to be processed by biological filtration, otherwise
still can not meet the emission standards.
Biogas is not only a fuel and power raw material, but also a very important
chemical raw material, such as methane chlorination, can produce a chlorinated
carbon, carbon dichloride, carbon trichloride and tetrachloromethane.
3. Utilization of alcohol waste liquid to produce high protein feed
Use of alcohol waste liquid to produce high protein feed in the world
The world
Started from the middle of the sixties, basically to 1975
Gradually perfected. Its process is the lees first through
through the tilting centrifuge into two parts of the filtrate and filtrate, filtrate
by precipitation, part of the return to the production of alcohol as a raw material for cooking
dilution of water, most of the evaporation equipment into the evaporation of the concentration of
into the cold dry matter, 40 45% of the thick slurry with the filtrate slag together into the
dryer for drying, and finally become a feed containing high protein. Dryer for drying, and finally become a product containing more than 90% of dry matter
, and then made into pellet feed, its protein content is high
up to 27%. At present, the United States and Western Europe is widely used, I
our country has no complete sets of domestic processing equipment, Beijing Alcohol Plant introduced
into the Norwegian annual output of 40,000 tons of DDGS complete sets of equipment, Anhui
Specialty Alcohol Plant introduced 15,000 tons of DDGS annual output of France
complete sets of equipment.
Three, DDGS complete sets of equipment introduction
Grain lees after simple sieving, extrusion treatment, the
get filter residue by drying dry lees, called DDG; will be
separated from the filtrate after evaporation, concentration and drying dry lees is called
DDDs, will be mixed with DDG and DDs drying of the feed
feed is called
DDDs, the DDG and DDs, the DDG and DDs are mixed drying of the feed
Ds.
The feed made by mixing and drying DDG and DDs is called DDGS.
From the above process, it can be seen that the production of DDGS high-protein feed from alcoholic dregs is all a
physical treatment process.
1. Separation equipment
its role is to separate the insoluble solids (T.S) in the lees,
which includes suspended matter and soluble solids, the separated insoluble solids (dregs) are directly sent to the dryer for
drying, and the soluble solids (filtrate) are sent to evaporation and concentration.
The quality of separation directly affects the success or failure of alcohol evaporation and drying
If the dregs suspension (5.5)
into the evaporator is too high, the evaporator will be rapidly scaling, the energy consumption of the dryer will be sharply
up. Alcohol waste liquid is a high dissolved components and
viscosity of the suspension, coupled with China's alcohol plant in order to make cooking
even through, to ensure a higher rate of starch out of the wine, the common use of fine powder
crushing, high-temperature cooking, liquid quartz saccharification process, the saccharification of the quartz itself
a a sinking enzyme content of the powder is low, so wake up the liquid viscosity is higher, resulting in the separation of
more difficult, currently using the dryer, the dryer will rapidly scale.
Relatively difficult, the current use of separation equipment is mainly horizontal fine
Screw discharge sedimentation centrifuge, which is the development of the 1950s
High-speed and efficient separator, which is characterized by a compact structure, occupies a small area of the ground
Area, without a filter cloth, easy to operate, and can be produced continuously.
1), horizontal spiral discharge sedimentation centrifuge working principle
Figure 1 is its schematic diagram, it is mainly by the drum, spiral push
materializer, differential and seat composition. Centrifuge drum is a
pusher, both for the same direction of rotation, but due to the differential
differential movement, so that the spiral pusher speed than the drum
speed slow (or fast) 1 a 3% (8 a 10 rpm), to be separated from the lees
waste liquid through the center of the feed tube into the machine, the centrifugal force of the rotating
that is It is thrown to the inner wall of the drum, due to the solid items in the suspension
particles are heavier than the liquid, they are settled in the inner wall of the drum, the separated
wet dregs by the spiral pusher to the small end of the drum dregs port,
discharged by the centrifugal force, leaving the water to form an inner ring in the drum
inside the overflow holes on the big end of the flow out.
2), the selection of the main parameters of the separator
a. Separation factor: the material in the centrifugal force field of the centrifugal force
Centrifugal force and the ratio of gravity it undergoes is called the separation factor.
F, a look forward to geranium, 1.12 fire 10 a 3Rn,
mg
Which R is the maximum radius within the number of revolutions, n is the drum's rotational
speed, indicating that the drum diameter is large, the speed is high, the separation effect is good. But separation
Separation factor reaches a certain value, the prominent contradiction is the vibration of the machine
movement and the life of the equipment, at present domestic and foreign more advanced separation
Separation factor up to 2500.
b. Separation of drums of the aspect ratio
Alcohol dregs of the treatment of the machine due to the flow rate of the machine into the machine
high speed of fluid
and the corn lees particles are relatively small, but also the size of the drum. Corn dregs particles and relatively small, by the strong flow rate
flushing, will still be entrained in the separation of liquid along with the separation of liquid and a
unloading, will reduce the solid recovery rate of the separator, for this reason, used for the alcohol
dregs of the separator L/D ratio are relatively large, the short drum separator is obviously
57
Packaging and Food Machinery 1993 Vol. 1
Packaging and Food Machinery 1993 Volume 1, Issue n Issue 1
The effect is very poor, some even separation is not out, according to the available information on
Britain, France, Japan use the separator L/D ratio are in l:3.5 to
Feeding
Separation of liquid dregs
Figure 1 Horizontal Screw Discharging Centrifuge Structure Principle
1 a differential pulley 2 a differential 3 a casing
5 a spiral 8 a main pulley
c. Differential: drum and spiral pusher speed size
mainly depends on the size of the amount of slag discharged, for the alcohol dregs due to the
small particles, low concentration, viscosity, so should be selected to use the lower differential
speed (8-10r/min), which can make the equipment to get better
Settling effect.
Sedimentation and clearing effect, fully reduce the separation of the solid content of the liquid and slag
Humidity, but too low a differential rotational speed of the push material screw to produce torque
Moment resistance is very large, easy to damage the differential, and even the drum is blocked
Seized, so the machine can not run normally, so the more ideal separation
Machine adopts a stepless speed differential, which can be adjusted according to the The use of < / p >
pieces of the differential speed will be adjusted. Figure 2 shows one of the structure of the original
rational diagram.
To realize the differential speed a planetary gear transmission, a
kind of planetary cycloid transmission, the former processing is easy, but the use of
noise, the latter processing is more difficult, the use of the noise is smaller
some.
d. In the alcohol waste liquid separation operation, uniform and stable feeding
is the main and necessary conditions, for this can be used with a servo motor
screw pumps, through automatic control, so that with the pressure in the pipeline
Force changes, and change the feeding rate. Alternatively, a quantitative pump can be used to
feed the material, but the speed of the feed required to change automatically with the change in pressure
change the size of the relief valve open to achieve the required feed. You can also
use a frequency converter to make changes in the speed of the dosing pump to ensure that the feed
58
7 a feed pipe
uniform and stable.
4 a drum
8 a machine base
Since the alcohol waste processing capacity is quite large, each production of a ton of wine
semineral need to deal with 12 to 15 tons of waste liquid, so the spiral pusher to be selected
with a high wear-resistant materials, such as the United Kingdom, the United States and other countries, large-scale centrifugal machine in its
taper parts also embedded with cemented carbide. In addition to this if in the separation
machine before the first gravity screen to remove sand pretreatment, separator screw
spinning pusher life will be greatly extended.
}}}}}}}:
...
......mmm wide searching lll-one-one-one ....... Foreign practice has proved that the lower the content of suspended matter in the clear liquid
and the higher the total solids content in the thick slurry, it means that the evaporator
can reach a higher heat transfer coefficient, so that the evaporation capacity is greatly improved
higher, which can reduce the load of the dryer and save the drying of alcoholic dregs
Use of alcoholic dregs in the production of high-protein feeds-Li Dongshan, Lu Shulan
Energy consumption when drying alcohol lees. 4445000511154.666
After rapid gasification, the steam rises at high speed in the tube, and the material liquid is driven by the rising
steam, which rises rapidly along the tube wall in the form of a film and continues to
evaporate to produce steam, which then goes on to heat up the next course of material liquid. As shown on the left
side of Figure 4. The right side of Figure 4 indicates the evaporation heat transfer form and evaporation band transfer
where D-S is the soluble solid
form contained in the clear liquid after separation.
S-S is the suspended solids contained in the clear liquid after separation
T-S is the total solids in the traveler slurry after evaporation.
Expressed heat heating band
Ye Fei of one plant
lll one one
.....
.....
lllll
l
}}}... -TTT}}}
Liquid flow
Three-two-seven-loss' gas
Bubble flow
Face-face ruggedness can be two-two
And **** three yuks{
Lump flow
Evaporation band
4
Circumfluence
Loqun full art. ...J',,'
111 mountain .... of｝21
Figure 4
Heat partition coefficient relationship. FIG. 5 is a boiling liquid in an ascending film evaporator
Superposition
1 a shell 2 a top cover
3 a tube bundle 4 a floral plate 5.6 a receiver .
2. Evaporation equipment
In the use of lees in the production of high-protein feed evaporation equipment
investment, accounting for almost one-third of the investment in the entire equipment, equipment
main part of the following:
1), the evaporator
waste liquors due to the viscosity of lees, easy to scaling, so in the evaporation of
concentration is generally used in a forced circulation rising film evaporator. Adopt forced circulation rising film evaporator, as shown in Figure 3
.
The material liquid enters the heating tube from the bottom of the evaporator, and is heated and boiled
109 △t
Figure 5
The change of the heat transfer coefficient against the temperature difference △t, the AB section is dominated by
forced convection heat transfer, and the BC section is dominated by bubble nucleus boiling. These
both graphs show that the bubble nucleus boiling and forced convection heat transfer heat transfer coefficient
maximum, in this condition the least energy consumption, so in the design
and operation to try to meet this condition. General material ideal into the
tube temperature than the boiling point of 2 ℃, in order to enter the heating tube that is up to boiling
59
Packaging and Food Machinery 1993, Vol. n, No. l
temperate state, while a certain rate of rising steam should be maintained will be material
liquid pulled into the film, if not properly operated may produce local dry
Wall Phenomenon, will reduce the effect of heat transfer.
2), vapor-liquid separator: it is the evaporation of the main auxiliary equipment
preparation, the secondary steam from the boiling liquid with a large number of liquid droplets of different sizes escaping
in the evaporation chamber due to the expansion of the gas channel cut-off
area, so that the steam speed drops, some droplets by weight
force and settlement, but leave the evaporation of vapor chamber. But the steam leaving the evaporation chamber is still entrained with a relative
when the liquid droplets, if not separated and recovered, will cause entrainment loss
loss, contamination of the condensate, and even clogging of the pipeline.
There are many types of separators, as shown in Figure 6. The requirements for the separator
are mainly good separation effect, small vapor pressure drop and low equipment
cost. Due to the alcohol liquid particles are small, evaporation in the formation of
droplets are also small, with the general effect of the separator is not good, the use of electric
foam trap price is too expensive, so the use of steel wire mesh separator, which
is the use of steel wire mesh system hose as rolled into a required size
disc, as shown in Figure 6 in the (c), mounted on the top of the separator cylinder.
Producing a bored sigh
----- one. Joe"
11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111. The condenser is divided into direct condensation and indirect condensation, for
DDDDGS production, due to the secondary vapor condensate still contains
higher concentrations of organic matter, so the indirect condensation is mostly used in order to
so that the wastewater is then processed separately in order to meet the discharge standards. Figure 7 shows the most
separator
final steam condensation process flow diagram, using two-stage condensation. The residual gas
is pumped away by a vacuum pump so that the whole evaporation system forms a negative pressure evaporation
Evaporation, in the production of DDGS, filtrate using multi-effect negative pressure evaporation
It is very effective in saving energy consumption, and its energy consumption is only comparable to one-sixth of
single-effect atmospheric pressure evaporation.
...........................
---
.....................
Production
The figure of the final steam condensation
4), in order to make the secondary steam strength, the early seventies developed the use of centrifugal compressor as a vapor recompression for
Use of lees to produce high-protein feed - Li Dongshan, Lu Shulan
DLK Jade S evaporation process, in the There are two main forms of foreign countries, one is
using steam turbine drive compressor, one is the use of electric motor
driven compressor, the advantage is to save steam, comprehensive analysis can save
about energy. But with a steam turbine drive special boiler steam,
and with an electric motor drive, due to China's power is relatively tense in addition to relying on
near the water conservancy power station, is not reasonable, of course, from the long-term development of
point of view is a direction.
5), into the evaporation equipment, dilute lees liquid is the new evaporation
Equipment load and energy consumption is an important factor, the reuse rate of up to
40% or more, which not only saves process water, but also
Effective reduction of energy consumption, reduce capital investment and production and operating costs
Use. This is often set up in the evaporation of a large storage tank, the use of filtrate
precipitation after reuse.
Since the dilute lees clear liquid contains. .7~l% of the suspended
suspended
things, cellulose content is low, granularity is small, and thus its own molding capacity
easy, but the hardness of the granulation tends to be on the low side, so the amount of water is generally less,
proteins with thermoplasticity and bonding, so the temperature of its
through the steam heated to a certain temperature, conducive to the granulation.
6), the operating conditions on the impact of granulation
①Granulating machine requires uniform material supply to ensure that the granulator
can operate stably, and the granulator has just begun to run, the amount of feed
should be smaller, otherwise it will cause the pressure roller slippage and plugging accidents.
②Pelleting steam can play a wet heat
tempering effect on the material, it is conducive to improving the output, extend the life of the pressure mold and pressure roller
saving power.
③ Usually presses the small particle size (5mm or less) the product pressure
mold adopts the high speed, presses the large particle size product adopts the lower speed.
The new pressure mold should be used to put into normal production before the first drum skin
or rice bran add oil material for test run, in order to polish the surface of the mold holes
surface, and can eliminate the mold holes with each other between the difference in finish.
④ Before stopping operation, it is best to add more oil to make the material pressure
into the hole, easy to start next time.
⑤ The temperature of granulation is up to 85℃ or more, and the temperature is also higher
, so it is necessary to reduce the water content after granulation, which is 7 a
12%. The evaporator runs for a period of time will be serious scaling, so
after a period of time to stop the machine to clean, scaling is protein precipitation sludge
accumulation in the heating tube, so usually with 1 a 3% caustic soda solution
liquid heated to 90 ~ 95 ℃ for flushing.
If there is too much foam in the pipe, it will affect the efficiency of evaporation,
So sometimes, depending on the situation, defoamer is added to eliminate foam.
3. Thousands of drying equipment
1), the physical process of drying materials
Figure 8 shows the material moisture conductivity coefficients and its humidity u
The relationship between the AB section of the single molecule suction 'attached to the role of the strongest
Strongly combined with the moisture in this section of the occurrence of the phenomenon of vapor diffusion;
BC
section of the multi-molecular suction 'attached to the strongest
Powerful combination of moisture in this section;
Segment is a multi-molecule adsorption binding wet points, in this section, the wet pointsmovement is basically also in the form of vapor; CD segment
is a capillary wet points, this section of the vapour and liquid movement at the same time,
DE segment for the osmosis binding wet points, completely in the form of liquid movement.
The drying of DDGS is mostly gelatinous, and the conduction during drying
is mainly manifested in the adsorption-bound moisture and the
structural moisture bound by osmosis. The drying speed is shown in Fig. 9, the beginning of the AB
section is just preheating; BC is a constant speed drying section; CD drying speed
degree slowly tends to slow.
Adsorption junction
Combined wet points
B
Tube wet points relocated ~ a on
Junction points permeable to moisture seepage combined
Fine \ hair continent C
K bare suction two zero Lin Lin.
Material humidity
Figure 8
Guide Ling patrol
A sub-side Ming dang case burial
Drying time
Figure 9
2), the drying equipment in the production of DDGS
Drying of lees is currently mainly used in the column tube drier and
61
Packaging and Food Machinery 1993, Vol. n, No. 1
Disc dryers.
a. Column tube dryer
Fig. 10 is the schematic diagram of column tube dryer, the steam enters into each tube from the shaft
Fig. 10
end, so that the tube is heated, and the material is turned over by the platen to the
upper part, and falls downward by the weight of the material itself, which is given to be heated by adding
heat through the tube bundles, and at the same time, there is a certain number of platen arranged at a At the same time, there are a certain number of platens arranged at a certain angle,
so the material can be pushed forward. Its advantages are large capacity, low cost
. The disadvantage is that in order to prevent the product caking, the moisture of the feed material must be controlled
control in 25% or less, for this need to dry a large number of finished products to return
back to the dryer, resulting in a huge complexity of the transport supporting equipment, the operation of which
must be very well mastered, or else it can result in the material will be stuck to reduce the tube
heat exchange, or even the product nutritional content of the heat is destroyed. When once
material paste tube and lumps can be dissolved through high-pressure steam.
b. Disc dryer
It is the seventies only developed dryer in Figure
11, the turntable by a number of vertical device composed of double discs and like
spiral like a certain angle, the steam from the shaft into the rotary
disc, so that the turntable heated, due to the rotary disc submerged in the dry
dried
materials, thus the material for drying. As the rotating turntable is submerged in the material to be dried
, the material is dried. Operation of the turntable to 6 ~
8r/min low-speed rotation, so that things are uniformly heated, the steam pressure of 0.5
~0.6Pa, evaporation of Ikg of water vaporization of steam consumption of about 1.1 1.3kg.
Disadvantage is the cost is high, the material is not evenly copied.
Feed exhaust
Chuanchuanchuan}}}!!!! !l)1111l)(1.... c. The cyclone separator mouth tube is installed along the tangent line of the cylinder part of the cyclone separator, so
Whether using a column tube dryer, or a rotary disc type gas gets rotating motion along the inner wall of the cylinder and along the helix
dryer, the water vapor in the drying chamber has to be eliminated in time, but the direction flows to the top of the cone when the gas flow is separated by the top of the separator
Since the Alcohol dregs particles are very fine, with the discharge of steam, often with the cover is impeded, the airflow rises from the center. Obviously separator cross-section
Go away part of the product, one is a waste, the second is pollution of the environment, the distribution of static pressure will be different, the center is small, along the wall is large.
To are equipped with a cyclone separator as shown in Figure 12. with the gas into the cyclone to separate the DDGS foam, trying to keep
Containing DDGS foam of the gas flow at a speed of Vm/s by the initial direction of movement, and thus move along the radiation direction to the wall and
Over the inlet pipe into the cyclone cylinder part of the cyclone, due to the entry of the conical part of the powder due to this movement, the foam is concentrated in the cyclone separator
Cyclone separator cross-section
This is the first time that the cyclone separator is used in the cyclone separation process. concentrated on the cyclone separator
Production of High Protein Feed Using Wine Lees-I Li Dongshan, Lu Shulan
Inside the wall of the cyclone separator, and settled by gravity. Dust, if the dust exhaust system
system in a point of air leakage, the degree of gas purification will suddenly become worse, when
system into the air will make the air movement and dust settling direction
opposite, so a part of the dust that has been captured will be the central vortex
stream into the exhaust pipe, resulting in loss and pollution.
4. Pelletizing equipment: after drying DDGS is powder foam
like, can be directly bagged for sale, but in order to eliminate dust, reduce
losses, increase the weight per unit volume, reduce transportation and storage
costs, improve the digestibility of the granulator is often pressed into a cylindrical or
spherical particles.
(1) The main granulators used in the production of DDGS are
Ring die granulators and flat die granulators.
Fig. 13 is a ring die granulator, which works by feeding powder
like feed into the mixing mechanism ② through a stepless variable speed feeder ① and mixing it with steam (or water, additives, fats and oils, etc.) and churning
, and then distributing the mixed material through a distributor to the rotating ring
pressure die and the working surface of the pressure roller ③ as shown in the Fig. 14 ① position,
and the working surface of the rollers ③. 14①,
with the help of gravity, centrifugal force and mechanical guides to disperse the powder
, the pressure generated due to the rotation of the die and the pressure roller forces
the powdered feed to pass through the aperture of the die and presses the feed into a rounded strip
shape and extrudes it, and finally it is cut by the cutter ③ fitted outside the annular die into granules of appropriate length
.
Fig. 14
Fig. 15 shows a flat die pellet press, which is mainly adapted to press materials of small capacity
or high fiber content. As the flat die pelletizer's
advantages are simple structure, convenient mold processing, easy to adjust, more favorable for
heat-sensitive feed production, but the material in the die
uniform distribution is more difficult, which tends to produce the die wear
63
Packaging and Food Machinery 1993, Volume 11, Issue l
Uniform product quality, product quality is not uniform.
Unevenness, product quality and body vibration and other disadvantages, so the
on the screed device requirements are higher. In order to reduce vibration, flat mold
mold holes are generally arranged in the form of a spiral as shown in Figure 16.
The pellets fall by their own weight, and the air passing through the pellet feed is drawn off by a
centrifugal fan for cooling purposes. In order to solve the
discharge of the accumulated dust, are equipped with the accumulation of dust collector.
5, packaging equipment: it is the final work of DDGS production
Procedure, the use of packaging materials, one is a sack, the second is a nylon woven
bags weighing 50kg each.
Packaging measurement is mostly for the carrying pole scales, bagging in order to reduce the crushing of powder
dust and particles, often using a spiral loading
bagger shown in Figure 17, the material is pressed by the spiral
bagger. >Bagger, the material is pressed into the bag by the spiral, the bag with the material and down.
Pulley
Two-Two-Two-Two Nichimuru Lu:::
...... ~~~
Materials
Figure 16
(2)Pelletizing machine work molds under pressure for 1200
a 15ookg/em,, the line speed of 6 a sm/s, so the mold material
the choice of a direct relationship between the service life of the mold, foreign molds are more used
with stainless steel, the United Kingdom is mainly
Z Pat 6A, Japan is mainly
SuS41o (equivalent to our country ICr13), the United States is mainly Er56A,
its hardness is Ro4o a 50. some of our country with 35CrM. some
With tin-manganese steel casting, Shenyang Mechanical and Electrical Institute has developed a boron bainite
ductile cast iron.
(3) the use of granulators worthy of attention
The impact of granulator output, power consumption and product quality
factors are numerous, in addition to the structural parameters of the granulator, the operating conditions are also
when it comes to the importance.
a.DIX three S feed due to the protein content of more than 27%,
fat and the temperature is not higher than the room temperature of 5 a 8 ℃, and therefore usually pelletizing
first after the first cooler by the cooler, the actual application is the use of air flow
through the granular feed box, the air flow to the excess water evaporation, the feed
Downstreaming Screw
Figure 17
Noteworthy issues:
(1) Dust extraction equipment should be provided in order to reduce pollution and improve
measuring accuracy.
(2)Measurement in use should be calibrated daily.