Ozone has a disinfecting function Ozone, also known as rich oxygen, triple oxygen, superoxide, is known to be one of the strongest available oxidants, which can make bacteria, fungi and other organisms of the protein shell oxidative denaturation, so as to kill bacterial propagules and germ cells, viruses, fungi and so on.
Ozone kills more than 99% of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and kills hepatitis viruses, cold viruses and so on. Ozone has prominent sterilization, disinfection, degradation of pesticides, is considered a highly efficient broad-spectrum bactericide.
Ozone can sterilize and purify the air, prevent cross-infection of diseases, and remove odors from bedrooms, living rooms, kitchens, and bathrooms. Ozone gas is effective in sterilizing, disinfecting, preventing mildew and removing dust mites on indoor bedding, clothes, carpets, closets, shoe cabinets, coins and so on.
The most appropriate way to use ozone sterilization is to dissolve ozone in water to form the so-called "ozone water". Some developed countries in Europe and the United States will be "ozone water" called "universal water".
"Ozone water" sterilization speed than chlorine many times faster. In daily life, the use of "ozone water" for women, children use underwear, ***, diapers, bags and other sterilization treatment, can play a particularly obvious effect.
"Ozone water" on fruits and vegetables and meat have sterilization, antiseptic, freshness, remove the role of odor, and at the same time has the function of degradation of fruits and vegetables surface residues of phosphorus-containing pesticides. We can also use "ozone water" to clean the skin, skin care, to reduce cosmetics on the skin ***.
The use of "ozone water" cold compresses, soaking burns, cuts, bruises, can accelerate wound healing, prevent infection; the use of "ozone water" to wash the bubble, you can prevent skin diseases and fungal foot fungus caused by diseases; with the use of "ozone water". "Ozone water" hair wash, you can remove the dirt at the hair pores, reduce hair loss. Scientific use of no harm According to experts, the ozone safety, environmental protection has been recognized, its application of technology is quite mature, gray?br> scientific use, the ozone will not cause harm to human health.
In many countries, the ozone is widely used in disinfection of drinking water, air purification, food processing, health care, aquaculture and other fields. 1902, Germany, Paderborn established the first large-scale water treatment with ozone treatment of water quality plant, creating a precedent for ozone water treatment.
Now, there are thousands of ozone water plants in the world. Europe and the United States of America, the application of ozone has reached a popularized degree of water plants, mineral water, pure water manufacturers are almost all equipped with ozone equipment.
The United States since the early 1970s began to use ozone to deal with domestic sewage, mainly for sterilization, disinfection, removal of pollutants, decolorization, etc. to meet discharge standards. Japan will be in the water shortage areas will be treated with ozone after sewage as water use.
The United States, Japan, Germany, France and other countries have established large-scale ozone sewage treatment plants in recent years. Ozone is also used in the industrial gazami crab to write the whetstone frame 3?hiss? aa (6)? Ting (16) but but Jian Borrow? The ozone layer has been used in the following areas. (11) hours of service?br> industry, the application of ozone in the food industry is more popular.
A Swedish beef company to the application of ozone in the storage of beef freshness, since 1870 has been used today. As early as 1904, the use of ozone in Europe on the preservation of milk, meat products, cheese, egg whites and other food preservation treatment.
At the end of the 1930s, 80% of the refrigerated egg banks in the United States have installed ozone generators. Recently, Europe and the United States in the fruit and vegetable preservation will be the use of ozone to storage, manufacturing, transportation and other aspects.
In terms of medical care, Japan as early as World War II, the use of ozone for human physiotherapy. At present, ozone has a variety of uses in health care, such as wards, operating rooms, air disinfection, the use of "ozone water" for the disinfection of medical equipment, the use of ozone for the treatment of dental diseases, the use of ozone and radiation therapy combined with the treatment of cancer, drinking "ozone water" The ozone gas is injected to treat fistulae and varicose veins.
In health care, the Japanese popular inhalation of "strong gas" (containing a low concentration of ozone in the air) in order to strengthen the body, the use of ozonized water to shower the body to kill bacteria and beauty. Ozone kills viruses and bacteria, and is not harmful to the healthy cells of the human body, because the latter have a strong and balanced enzyme system.
As long as the scientific application of ozone, ozone is not dangerous to human health. In fact, ozone has been used for more than 100 years, and so far there has not been a single case of death due to ozone poisoning in the world.
In addition, there is now a theory that the ozone in the disinfection at the same time, you can also "kill" fruits and vegetables in the vitamins and other components beneficial to the human body; but by the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medical Sciences environmental health monitoring test confirmed that the use of qualified ozone equipment for normal operation of the fruits and vegetables in the soaking of 10 to 15 minutes, fruits and vegetables, the vitamin C has no significant impact on the fruits and vegetables. Vitamin C has no significant effect. Blindly abused also damage life scientific use of ozone does not cause harm to human health, but if unchecked blind abuse of ozone "detoxification", is not safe.
The ozone itself is a non-toxic safety gas, its "toxicity" mainly refers to the strong oxidizing ability. Experts believe that in the ozone concentration is higher than 1.5ppm above, personnel must leave the scene, the reason is that the ozone will be *** human respiratory system, serious, can cause injury.
At present, many countries and organizations have developed a person in the ozonated gas environment safety and health standards, its concentration and the product of contact time can be regarded as the reference point: the International Ozone Association standard: 0.1ppm, contact 10 hours; U.S. standard: 0.1ppm, contact 8 hours; Germany, France, Japan and other countries standards: 0.1ppm, contact 10 hours; our standards The American standard is: 0.1ppm, 8 hours exposure; German, French and Japanese standards: 0.1ppm, 10 hours exposure; our standard: 0.15ppm, 8 hours exposure. Some reports show that the ozone concentration in 0.02ppm, smell sensitive people will be able to detect.
Concentration of 0.15ppm for the olfactory threshold, the average person can smell. When the concentration reaches 1~10ppm, it is called the *** range, and above 10ppm is the poisoning limit.
There are also reports that human exposure to high concentrations of ozone may occur in the environment, skin, eye stinging, breathing problems, coughing and headache and other symptoms; exposure time is longer, it will also lead to transient lung function abnormalities, causing lung tissue damage; there are allergies may also lead to chronic lung disease, and even produce permanent damage such as pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, experts remind consumers to buy ozone generator must check the product safety test certificate and sterilization report.
And, ozone production is not the more the better, 200 mg / m3 of ozone per hour is more suitable for home use generally do not exceed 400 mg / m3 per hour. It takes about 60 minutes to produce drinking water with an ozone machine, and another 15 minutes of.
What is the ozone hole? Causes and hazards?
The ozone hole refers to the phenomenon of the atmospheric ozone layer being destroyed and reduced due to the spread of air pollutants, erosion. The ozone layer is located 20-25 kilometers above the ground, is the fight against solar radiation ultraviolet, the protection of the Earth's biosphere the most effective "umbrella". In 1982, scientists first found ozone reduction over the Antarctic, and then people in the Arctic and Tibetan high altitude over the discovery of a similar ozone hole. The cause of the ozone hole: HCFCs, which are used in large quantities as refrigerants, aerosols, blowing agents and other chemical agents, are the "main culprits" in the ozone reduction. In addition, cold is a key to the thinning of the ozone layer, which is why the ozone hole first appeared in the coldest regions of the Earth's North and South Poles. Data indicate that the ozone hole is likely to continue to grow and that it will take at least 20 years for the Antarctic ozone layer to recover significantly, with the real possibility that the oxygen hole will not be completely eliminated until 2050. This refers to the phenomenon of destruction and reduction of the atmospheric ozone layer due to the spread and erosion of air pollutants, especially aerosol pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and halogenated hydrocarbons. Causes of the ozone hole: HCFCs, which are used in large quantities as refrigerants, sprays, blowing agents and other chemical agents, are the "main culprits" in the reduction of the ozone layer. In addition, the cold is a key to the thinning of the ozone layer, which is why the ozone hole first appeared in the coldest regions of the Earth's North and South Poles. The hole in the ozone layer threatens the survival of mankind. For more than 10 years, scientists have been studying that for every 1% decrease in atmospheric ozone, there is an increase in the amount of ultraviolet light reaching the ground. Ultraviolet rays that reach the ground increase by 2%, human skin cancer increases by 3%, and diseases such as cataracts, immune system deficiencies and developmental stagnation strike. Now live closer to Antarctica in Chile's southern tip of Cape Helena residents, has tasted the pain, as long as out of the house, you have to in the clothes can not cover the skin surface, coated with sunscreen, wearing sunglasses, otherwise half an hour later, the skin will be sunburned into a bright pink, accompanied by itchy and painful; sheep are more often suffer from cataracts, almost completely blind. It is said that rabbits there are so blind that hunters can easily pick them up by the ears and take them home, and that all the fresh fish caught in the river are blind. By extension, if the ozone layer is completely destroyed, the sun's ultraviolet rays will kill all terrestrial life, and human beings will be "doomed", and the Earth will become a barren land without any life. It is clear that the hole in the ozone layer has threatened the survival of mankind. In 1987, the major industrialized nations signed the Montreal Convention to phase out the use of chemicals that harm the ozone layer. And now, a healthier, third-generation refrigerant is available: ammonia. Ammonia is a naturally occurring substance composed of the elements hydrogen and nitrogen and has a negligible impact on the environment.
What is ozone?
Ozone, also known as triatomic oxygen, is named for its fish-like odor. Its molecular formula is O3, an allotropic isomer of oxygen, with its own unique properties:
1. Under natural conditions, it is a light blue gas;
2. It has a fishy odor similar to that after lightning;
3. Under standard pressure and room temperature, its solubility in water is 13 times that of oxygen;
4. Ozone is heavier than air, 1.658 times as heavy as air. Air 1.658 times;
5. Ozone has a strong oxidizing power, is known as one of the strongest oxidants;
6. Under normal circumstances, ozone is extremely unstable, easy to decompose into oxygen;
7. Ozone molecules are antimagnetic, easy to combine with an electron to become a negative ion molecule;
8. Ozone's half-life in the air is generally 20-50 minutes, with temperature and humidity. 50 minutes, with the temperature and humidity increases and accelerated;
9. Ozone in water half-life of about 35 minutes with the water quality and water temperature varies;
10. Ozone in the ice is extremely stable, its half-life of 2000 years.
Uses
Used for water disinfection and air odor oxidation, used as a strong oxidant in the chemical industry.
Preparation or source
The main ozone technology: electrolysis, nuclear radiation, ultraviolet, plasma and corona discharge method and so on. Widely used is the ozone generator discharge oxidizing air or pure oxygen into ozone. That is, the application of high-energy interactive current action of oxygen in the air so that oxygen molecules ionized into ozone.
Ozone is an allotropic isomer of oxygen, and at room temperature, it is a blue gas with a special odor.
What is ozone?
Ozone (O?), also known as superoxide, is an allotropic isomer of oxygen (O?), and at room temperature, it is a light blue gas with a particular odor. Ozone mainly exists in the ozone layer in the lower stratosphere, which is 20-35 kilometers from the earth's surface. It is less stable at room temperature and pressure and can decompose into oxygen on its own. Ozone has a grassy flavor, a small amount of inhalation is beneficial to human health, inhalation of excessive human health hazards (non-combustible, pure matter) Oxygen can be changed into ozone by electric shock.
Ozone is an allotropic isomer of oxygen, and at room temperature, it is a light blue gas with a special odor
. The English word ozone comes from the Greek word ozon, which means "to smell.
Ozone exists mainly in the ozone layer in the lower stratosphere 20 kilometers from the Earth's surface, with a content of about 50 ppm. It absorbs short-wave ultraviolet light, which is harmful to humans, and prevents it from reaching the Earth, in order to shield living things on the Earth's surface from ultraviolet light.
In the atmosphere, oxygen molecules are decomposed into oxygen atoms (O) due to high-energy radiation, and oxygen atoms combine with another oxygen molecule to produce ozone. Ozone will also react with oxygen atoms, chlorine or other free substances and decompose and disappear. Due to this repeated generation and disappearance, the ozone content can be maintained in a certain equilibrium state.
What is the role of ozone?
The role of the ozone layer is essential to life on Earth, and these roles are not interrelated, and there are some roles that are detrimental to humans.
1. Absorption of UV-B band ultraviolet light
In the solar spectrum, there are ultraviolet and visible light that can reach the Earth's surface, of which UV-B band ultraviolet light is absorbed by O3. The wavelength range of UV-B band ultraviolet light is 240~320nm, and the wavelength of ultraviolet light is 200~400nm. Ultraviolet light can promote the reaction of synthesizing vitamin D on the human skin, which is beneficial for the generation and protection of bone tissues, but the excessive irradiation of UV-B band can cause skin cancer, immune system, and eye diseases, and also harms to the plants and animals. Therefore, by absorbing UV-B band ultraviolet light, the ozone layer protects life on earth. The ozone layer allows visible light from the sun to pass through, while absorbing more than 99% of the harmful ultraviolet radiation, so some people call the ozone layer the "protector", "umbrella" or "ozone barrier" for life on earth. "This is a favorable role of the ozone layer to affirm.
2. The ozone layer causes inverse temperature phenomenon
Ozone absorption of ultraviolet radiation, is bound to increase the temperature, which makes the stratosphere warming, so that the temperature of the stratosphere with the height of the height of the rise, resulting in the phenomenon of inverse temperature. This inverse temperature phenomenon and tropospheric inversion of the same phenomenon, increase the stability of the atmosphere, meaning that the atmosphere of the upper and lower convection is difficult to carry out, the atmosphere discharged waste in the vertical direction of the mixing is very slow, but they are in the horizontal aspect of the propagation and the relatively fast, in a week or so can be spread to the earth's longitude of all the regions, within a few months can reach all latitudes of the region. Therefore, those substances that destroy the ozone layer, wherever they are emitted on the earth, spread globally, and so, like CO2, the problem of the ozone layer becomes a global problem, and there is nothing that any one country or region can do to protect the ozone layer above it.
3. Ozone is a greenhouse gas
The previous section has addressed the issue of greenhouse effect, O3 is also a greenhouse gas, which has absorption in the wavelength band of the atmospheric window, the increase of O3 in the troposphere, the increase in atmospheric temperatures will contribute to the increase, so the increase in the concentration of O3 in the troposphere close to the ground will cause the greenhouse effect to be strengthened, which is a detrimental effect on human beings.
4. Ozone formed by photochemical smog
Photochemical smog is a secondary pollutant formed under the action of sunlight by exhaust emissions from automobiles and other vehicles, and O3 is one of the main components of photochemical smog, which causes damage to the human respiratory system and harms plants and animals, so at the bottom of the troposphere, the localized increase in the concentration of q can cause increased atmospheric pollution.
What is the ozone layer
The stratosphere is about 10-50 kilometers above the ground, but most of the ozone in the atmosphere is concentrated in the stratosphere about 25-30 kilometers above the ground and is called the "ozone layer".
Although the name of the layer, but in fact the distribution of ozone is not uniform, and the total content of ozone in the atmosphere is very small, less than 1 ppm. this very thin layer of ozone, for life on Earth is very important, because the ozone can absorb ultraviolet rays of sunlight, the wavelengths of these very short, and there is a danger of fatal radiation, converted into heat, only a very small amount of the surface can be reached.
Ultraviolet light damages biological molecules, including DNA, increases the chances of skin cancer, cataracts, and is linked to many immune system disorders. In addition, UV has a negative impact on crops and even marine ecosystems.
Yet this vital layer of ozone is already being severely damaged, and the situation is getting worse every year.
What is the ozone layer
1. Reason: There is a protective film in the Earth's atmosphere that surrounds the Earth, the ozone layer, which keeps ultraviolet rays out of the Earth and protects living things on the planet from harm. Humans have created a large number of substances that will destroy the ozone layer, so that the ozone layer of the Earth's north and south poles are damaged.
2. Impact: The destruction of the ozone layer has caused an increase in ultraviolet light on Earth, which damages biological molecules, including DNA, and increases the chances of developing skin cancer and cataracts, and is associated with many immune system diseases. Plankton in the oceans are fatally affected and marine ecosystems are damaged. Crop yields are reduced. Enhanced greenhouse effect.
3, we should do: the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the purchase of air-conditioning, refrigerators, automobiles, sprays, etc., should be purchased free of chlorofluorocarbons.
4. Supplementary information: The vast majority of atmospheric ozone is concentrated in the upper stratosphere about 25 to 30 kilometers from the ground, called the "ozone layer". Although the name is a layer, but in fact the distribution of ozone is not uniform, and the total content of ozone in the atmosphere is very small, less than 1 ppm. this very thin layer of ozone is very important for life on earth, because ozone absorbs ultraviolet rays from sunlight, which have short wavelengths, and there is a deadly and dangerous radiation, which will be converted into heat, and only a small amount of which can reach the surface of the Earth.
As ozone maintains a dynamic equilibrium in the stratosphere with oxygen, oxygen atoms, and other ultraviolet light, the oxygen consumption of the main part of the biosphere, and the upward emission of substances (e.g., chlorine atoms) that are likely to be involved in or affect such reactions (including O3 ═O2 + O′ + 2O3 ═3O2) are likely to threaten "ozone layer "The ozone content of the ozone layer, to this call for energy saving and emission reduction, planting trees, consciously maintain the ecological environment, is very important.
Ozone is an isotope of oxygen (composed of the same elements, but the molecular structure is different.) As the name suggests, ozone and a pungent odor, so get this bad name. There is a considerable concentration of ozone in the region of the atmosphere between 10 kilometers and 50 kilometers altitude, called the ozone layer.
The ozone layer is heavily depleted, the ability to absorb ultraviolet radiation is greatly weakened, resulting in a significant increase in ultraviolet B reaching the Earth's surface, bringing multiple hazards to human health and the ecological environment, and has been generally concerned about the main human health, terrestrial plants, aquatic ecosystems, biochemical cycles, materials, and the composition of the tropospheric atmosphere and air quality and other aspects. The main effects are on human health, aquatic ecosystems, biochemical cycles, materials, and the composition of the tropospheric atmosphere and air quality.