Introduction
Jiangmen City, formed around the end of Yuan and the beginning of Ming Dynasty in the 14th century, has a history of more than 600 years. It is the political, economic and cultural center of the Wuyi area and the capital of the famous overseas Chinese hometowns in the country.
Jiangmen City is named Jiangmen because it is located at the meeting point of the Xijiang River and its tributary, the Pengjiang River, where Yandun Mountain in the south of the river and Penglai Mountain in the north of the river face each other like a door.
As early as the end of Yuan and the beginning of Ming Dynasty (1368~1388 AD), marketplaces were formed here. At the beginning of the 17th century, Jiangmen Market flourished due to commerce, and gradually became a trade center of the Pearl River Delta, where commodities from the middle and lower reaches of the Xijiang River were gathered and dispersed. 1904, Jiangmen was opened as a port of entry for foreign trade, and Jiangmen Beijie Customs was set up, which was one of the eight major customs points in Guangdong. In 1925, Jiangmen was designated as a provincial city, and in 1931, the city was abolished and returned to the jurisdiction of Xinhui County.
Jiangmen was liberated on October 23, 1949, and in January 1951, it became a provincial municipality. Afterwards and successively belonged to the Guangdong Central Administration, Zhaoqing Prefecture, Foshan Prefecture jurisdiction. 1983, Jiangmen City as a provincial prefecture-level city, the implementation of the new system of municipal management of counties, under the jurisdiction of Xinhui, Taishan, Kaiping, Enping, Heshan and Yangjiang, Yangchun, 7 counties. 1988, Yangjiang, Yangchun, Yangjiang City, another separate. 1992-1994 five counties have been withdrawn from the county to set up municipalities, by the city of Jiangmen City, in September 2002, the county-level Xinhui City to establish Jiangmen City. Revoke the county-level Xinhui City set up Jiangmen Xinhui District, Xinhui District jurisdiction of the former county-level Xinhui City, town of Huicheng, Dazhe Town, Sizian Town, Shaduizhen, Gujing Town, Sanjiang Town, Yimen Town, Shuangshui Town, Luokeng Town, Dao Town, Muzhou Town, the district people's government in the town of Huicheng, will be the former county-level Xinhui City of Tangxia Town, Hetang Town, Du Ruan Town, assigned to the jurisdiction of Jiangmen City Pengjiang District.
Jiangmen City is now under the jurisdiction of Pengjiang, Jianghai, Xinhui three districts and Taishan, Kaiping, Heshan, Enping four county-level cities, the jurisdiction of the scope of the commonly known as "Wuyi". ***The same history, the same geography, and the overseas influence on the Five Euphrasies make the Five Euphrasies of Jiangmen a rich source of folklore.
In 2008, Jiangmen and the municipalities under its jurisdiction had a total built-up area of 198.87 square kilometers, of which 108.62 square kilometers were built-up areas in Jiangmen City (Pengjiang, Jianghai and Xinhui).
The city's total resident population of 4.1 million, population density of 405 people / square kilometer. There are 52 ethnic groups in the population, with Han Chinese accounting for 98.66% of the total population, and of the remaining 51 ethnic minorities, the Zhuang ethnic group has the largest population, accounting for 60% of the ethnic minority population. The "Wuyi dialect" is a branch of the Cantonese language, and is the main dialect of the Wuyi area.
Jiangmen Wuyi is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese, and is known as "the first hometown of overseas Chinese in China". Overseas Chinese, Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, who have their ancestral home in Jiangmen, have reached 3.76 million, and are distributed in 107 countries and regions in the five states of the world. Jiangmen Wuyi overseas Chinese, Chinese, distributed in the Asian region accounted for 20%, the Americas accounted for 70%.
In recent years, Jiangmen City, a big hand to depict the blueprint, and constantly increase the capital investment in urban construction, one after another to complete a number of major urban construction projects, including: East Lake Park, Donghu Plaza, Wuyi Overseas Chinese Plaza, Academician Road, Changdi Style Street, Busan Park, Yu Lake Park, Sports Park, Celebrity Square, Gonzhou Plaza, and so on, the city function to further improve the urban outlook is changing day by day.
To Jiangmen, the most must-see is dotted in the countryside, bamboo forests between the towers. In patches of open green rice paddies, curved river flowing slowly, dense and upright bamboo forests are located in different styles of towers, each towers have a moving story ...... towers, like opening a picture of Overseas Chinese paintings, into a scene of historical past.
In addition to towers, Jiangmen landscape gardens abound. The latest evaluation of the Jiangmen overseas Chinese eight scenes are: Jiangmen East Lake Park, "East Lake shadow", Xinhui Tianma Village, "Bird Paradise", Xinhui Guifeng Mountain Scenic Area, "Guifeng stacked cui," Taishan Chuan Island style" of the Upper and Lower Chuan Island Seaside Tourism Area, Kaiping Tangkou Town's "Liyuan Spring Dawn", Kaiping's "Diaolou Wonderland", Enping's "Hot Springs Wonderland", Heshan Dayan Mountain Scenic Area "wild goose shadow wave light" and so on.
[Edit paragraph] Jiangmen built the city's historical background and reasons
City, is the countryside. According to the dictionary explanation, the city, i.e., an area with a concentrated population, well-developed industry and commerce, and with a predominantly non-agricultural population of inhabitants, is usually the political, economic, and cultural center of the surrounding area. To study the formation and development of a city, its main elements are geographic location, natural conditions, economic geography, and historical development. 80 years ago, the reason why Jiangmen became a provincial municipality from a town was its natural geographical advantages and economic geography.
1, superior natural geographic advantages for the establishment of the city laid a good foundation.
Jiangmen, located in the south-central Guangdong Province, the lower reaches of the Xijiang River, the western Pearl River Delta. Pearl River water system, the West River mainly originates in Yunnan Gu Yi County, Ma Xiongshan east foot water hole, from west to east flow through Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, four provinces. Countless years, the upper reaches of the Xijiang River hostage a large amount of sediment rolling eastward, deposited in the calm water between the countless islands in the sea, until the formation of the delta, the shape of which is like a replica of a human hand, with five fingers, a machete door, Naiwan Gate, Tiger Jump Gate, Yiamen Gate and the Hengmen, firmly grasping the South China Sea in the Pacific Ocean. Jiangmen especially in the human wrist, strangling the Xijiang River five out to sea said. Jiangmen by virtue of the West River, on the Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Macao: the next can reach Zhaoqing, Guangxi Wuzhou and Xinhui, Kaiping, Enping, Yangjiang, Shuitong, Dianbai, Leizhou, Lianjiang, Zhanjiang, Hainan Island, become the western sleep barrier of the Guangzhou Municipal Government, the four euphonious and even the western region of the transportation hub. Therefore, Jiangmen has always been a place of war. And is located in the northeast of Jiangmen 3 kilometers of Beijie, into the land in the 13th century, in the Xijiang River, is the gateway to Jiangmen land and water transportation. This place is open to the river, deeper water level on the shore, suitable for larger tonnage ships berthing, is a natural harbor, has a unique geographical conditions. Because Jiangmen has such natural geographic advantages, became the imperialist coveted place. 1860 after the Second Opium War, the imperialists in order to strengthen the economic and cultural aggression in southern China, the additional coastal and inland foreign trade ports, the magic hand to the Pearl River Delta. In the 23rd year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1685), the Guangdong Customs was established, and a positive tax port was set up in Jiangmen, commonly known as "Jiangmen Changguan". In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), according to the "China-Britain-Burma Commercial Treaty", Jiangmen became the first stop for passengers and cargoes on and off the Xijiang River, and was under the jurisdiction of Sanshui as a branch. In October of the same year, Guangdong Customs set up an office in Jiangmen, which was the first time that Jiangmen was designated as a small port for the entry of people and commodities by a treaty formation, and Jiangmen became a waterway transportation hub and commodity circulation center for foreign trade on the south side of the Xijiang River. British-led imperialism in order to further Jiangmen this commodity distribution market, import and export commodities distribution market for import and export commodities transshipment port, as it penetrates into the Wuyi overseas Chinese and other markets in Guangdong, Guangdong and Western "bridgehead", economic aggression, the Qing dynasty Guangxu twenty-eighth year on the fourth day of the eighth month (i.e., September 5, 1902), the The Qing government was forced to sign the "Sino-British Treaty on Renewal of Commerce and Shipping" (i.e., the "Treaty of Makai"), which established Jiangmen as a port for foreign trade and set up customs accordingly. on March 7, 1904, the Jiangmen Customs was formally set up, and the Guangdong Customs assigned the two permanent customs of Jiangmen and Ganzhu to the jurisdiction of Jiangmen Customs. The opening of the port and the establishment of Jiangmen Customs, Jiangmen's land and water transportation, foreign trade and commercial development has played a role in promoting the expansion of Jiangmen to the Wuyi and even the western part of Guangdong's radiation and influence, thus accelerating the pace of Jiangmen city.
2, the commodity economy is developed, for Jiangmen city created favorable conditions.
The city is the center of commodity economic activities in a region. In the commodity economy, a place to become a city, only by administrative means is difficult to do, it must rely on the commodity economy is developed. Although Jiangmen is not close to the coast, but can be through the five doors to the sea, backed by Wuyi overseas Chinese, facing the province of Hong Kong and Macao, known as the treasure of business.
Jiangmen's commodity economy sprouted in the 14th century. At that time, in today's Pengjiang District, the top of the place there is a small dike set, every one, three, five dike period, the neighboring four townships of farmers and fishermen will be the production of agricultural and fishery products and fish products to be sold or exchanged here. Later, the polder gradually expanded to the beach, to the 16th century, has developed into "a thousand ships such as ants set riverside" quite lively distribution of goods. To the end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, it is "merchants gathered, trading to millions of dollars". A variety of grain columns, fruit and vegetable columns, fish columns, pig columns, livestock columns, cedar bamboo columns, etc. were set up one after another, the mode of operation of retail and wholesale, merchandise purchased and sold as far away as Guangzhou, Hainan, Zhanjiang, Yangjiang, etc.; close to Xiangshan (i.e., today's Zhongshan), Shunde, Taishan, Kaiping, Xinhui, Heshan and other counties to the Qing dynasty at the end of the Qianlong period, Jiangmen became a commercial and trade centers of the western Pearl River Delta, taverns and inns, stores all over the street, the commercial show a burst of prosperity. Business showed a boom. Guangxu 28 (190 years) Jiangmen opened for foreign trade ports, became the Wuyi and even the western region of the foreign trade ports, commerce and trade more active, which can be learned from the Jiangmen Customs and Excise Department, the fourth Taxation Department (Acting) Lie Tie (GReady) in the report of the Jiangmen Customs and Excise Department Ten Years of Report (1904-1911). One of the paragraphs in the report describes it as follows: "Jiangmen, which connects all five populated waterways of the delta, has been an important trading center in this region for many centuries. The advent of the ship as a means of transportation led to the gradual decline of the private boat, which had flourished in the past. But in Jiangmen, a wide variety of vessels crowded closely together in the Jiangmen River in a situation that may not be easy to see elsewhere in China: seagoing steamers towering over civilian ships; 300 to 400-ton sailing ships from Singapore and India equipped with 6 to 12 anti-piracy heavy guns; steamers equipped with gun sights and bullet-proof panels to protect the cockpit on both sides of the steamer towed by brightly-painted, flag-flagged, gigantic passenger ships spewed with steam ahead; Government salt boats, grain boats, civilian boats loaded with pottery or pigs, live ducks, fruits, eggs and silk worms; boats and sampans with holes on both sides and flowing water tanks for carrying live fish; and some houseboats inhabited by marooned lepers. The numerous boats mentioned above have caused the river to become so crowded that it is difficult for small boats to navigate the river. Because of this constant overcrowding, on March 7, 1904, when Jiangmen was opened as a port for foreign trade, the customs office was located on the right bank of the Xijiang River (i.e., North Street?), two miles from the northeastern entrance to the river, with a customs house on the opposite side of the river. (Author's note), with excellent anchorage on its opposite side. As a result, large-tonnage vessels did not need to enter the river, and passengers and goods were transported from the city on board large ships by private boats or sampans". At that time, cloth, sugar, rice, matches, petroleum products, western medicines and medical equipment, adult fish and seafood, hardware and general merchandise imported from Hong Kong and Macao every year flowed into the counties along the western edge of the Pearl River Delta through Jiangmen in an unending stream; and tobacco, tea, sunflower fans, silkworms, fresh fruits, and summer cloths produced in the neighboring counties were exported to the province and the rest of the world through this port of Jiangmen. Every year from Hong Kong and Macao imported and imported goods worth 24.4 million yuan of silver, and exported and exported goods worth 15.8 million yuan of silver in and out of the province. At that time, although Jiangmen is a town of Xinhui County, but because it is Xinhui, Taishan, Kaiping, Enping, Heshan five Eups to the provincial capital of Guangzhou and Hong Kong and Macao of the waterway transportation of the key, coupled with the construction of customs in the North Street is the port of commerce, thus Jiangmen is five Eups postal, electrical, road, navigation, the four major political savings collection of the place. 1908 by the key of the Tan's "Xinhui multi-tu Zhi" is the evaluation of the Jiangmen: "Like a net with an outline, like a coat with a collar". Jiangmen became a port, the establishment of water, land patrol police bureau, telegraph office, post office and other institutions, the opening of the artificial telegraph and land and water postal routes: Britain, the United States, Japan and other countries, such as businessmen in Jiangmen opened a kerosene company 13, Britain, the United States, Canada and other countries, the Church has opened churches in Jiangmen, preaching more medical, Jiangmen gradually became "Chinese and foreign mixed, businessmen and travelers to beat the Jiangmen gradually became a "Chinese and foreign, businessmen and travelers to beat" hot spot. To the end of the Qing Dynasty, Jiangmen to all parts of the shipping lines up to 27. In the early years of the Republic of China (1912), Jiangmen because of its convenient transportation, commercial developed into the various factions of the army stationed in the key places. Jiangmen port of the geography, business edge, attracted the Wuyi overseas Chinese townspeople to come to do business, the purchase of housing, the introduction of modern advanced technology, Xinning Railway through the North Street, Jiangmen Paper Factory, Jiangmen Xinguang Electric Power Company Limited, Jiangmen Lingxin Telephone Company Limited, Suichang Match Factory and other enterprises have been built and put into operation, the Bank of China Jiangmen Branch, the Guangdong Provincial Central Bank of Jiangmen branch was established one after another. By the mid-1920s, Jiangmen's economy had taken shape, with foreign trade, commercial services, transportation, post and telecommunications hitting record highs. According to Jiangmen Customs statistics, in the 12th year of the Republic of China (1923), Jiangmen port entry and exit of 650,000 passengers, the total value of import and export trade amounted to 1,778,800,000 customs taels. Of which imports accounted for 84.78%. Cultural undertakings by the promotion of economic development and the influence of Western culture changes, journalism, film and television entertainment industry, the new school, Western medical clinics (hospitals) and so on from scratch gradually held up, the commercialization of shopping malls introduced smoking, gambling, prostitution and other underworld business is also booming, and the underworld forces are gradually expanding. According to statistics, in 1921, Jiangmen's resident and floating population **** 70,000 people.
Because Jiangmen has the above natural geographic and economic advantages, and therefore in August 6, 1925, by the Guangdong Provincial Government of the twenty-first Provincial Affairs Conference decided to build Jiangmen port as a provincial municipality. The establishment of Jiangmen as a municipality meant the enhancement of its political, military, economic and cultural status, and the increase of its influence and radiation on the overseas Chinese towns of Wuyi and even the western part of Guangdong. Its performance is:
One is the political and military position to highlight. Jiangmen set up the city, coinciding with the KMT and the ****production party to implement the first national **** cooperation, Jiangmen gradually became the Jianghui district and the center of the workers and peasants of Wuyi movement, the KMT, the ****production party and the mass organizations of Jiangmen as a political platform for all kinds of political activities; the various factions of the warlords have sent troops stationed in Jiangmen as a plate after Wuyi "bridgehead edge. On September 24 of the same year, Li Jishen, the commander of the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, led his troops to Jiangmen and set up an office of the army; in the same month, the preparatory office of Xinhui County Farmers' Association held a county farmers' congress in Jiangmen to carry out the spirit of the First Provincial Farmers' Congress to develop the organization of the Farmers' Association and set up the Farmers' Self-defense Forces; on December 9, the Guangdong Women's Liberation Association, Xintai County Branch, was established in Jiangmen. The 13th Division of the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army was stationed in Jiangmen; in early April, the Jiangmen Students' Federation was established; on April 20, the First Congress of Jiangmen City was held, and the First Executive Committee and Supervisory Committee of the Jiangmen Kuomintang Party Section were elected; on July 11, the Fourth District Pacification Committee of Guangdong was established in Jiangmen; in January, 1927, the Zhong*** Siyi Local Working Committee (later changed to the Wuyi Prefecture Committee) was established in Jiangmen; the same month, the Guangdong Women's Liberation Association Xintai County Branch was established in Jiangmen. ) was established in Jiangmen; in the same month, the Central Xinhui County Committee was established in Jiangmen: in March, the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army formed the Wuyi Guerrilla Command in Jiangmen- . Even after Jiangmen was abolished as a city on February 26, 1931, the political status of Jiangmen was not weakened; on March 1, the Xinhui County government office was moved from Huicheng to Jiangmen. The KMT Jiangmen Party Department still kept the original establishment, until 1934 it was changed to the district party department. After the "September 18th" Incident, Jiangmen businessmen anti-Japanese salvation and economic cut-off committee and Xinning Railway General Union anti-Japanese Association was established in Jiangmen, organizing people to carry out anti-Japanese salvation movement.
The second is the rapid improvement of the city appearance. After Jiangmen was founded, the municipal government began to formulate the city construction plan, remodeling the cityscape. From 1927 onwards, the city carried out large-scale municipal construction, opening up and expanding the streets, building underground waterways, installing streetlights, building buildings, building a long embankment, parks. Successively the new Long Street, New City Street, Zeng Hua Street, Lianping Road, Xingning Road, Long Beach and other places in the demolition of cottages, expanding the street, and along the street to build the bottom for stores, the upper floors of residential 2 ~ 4-story buildings with a riding floor: in Changan Road also built 4 ~ 6-story buildings. 1928, the city to promote the establishment of the Committee, with private fund-raising methods, raised more than 200,000 yuan of silver, to repair the fish bar (i.e., today's Zhupaitou) to the Juyuan Intersection of Long Beach, 1.80 million yuan long, with a total length of 1.5 million yuan. Long dike, the total length of 1.80 kilometers. At the same time, the renewal of Changan Road and Jiu Tai Road, widening Taiping, Tongbu Xinshi, Bao Shan and other 13 roads, a total length of 3,658.54 meters. In the east of the business district, has formed a Renhe Li, Jue Soul Li, Xingping Li, Taoyuan Fang and other residential areas. On the south bank of Jiangmen River, gradually formed more than 10 residential areas such as Hongmenlou, Huaqingli. These residential buildings are planned, more neatly organized, most of the 2-storey, there are also cottages and a few 3-storey building. In the early 21st year of the Republic of China, after Jiangmen abolished the city establishment, Xinhui County government offices moved to Jiangmen, and then large-scale construction, demolition and construction of houses, and improve the road. The county government set up the Xiangban Office, taking the form of collaboration between the government and the neighborhood, continued to build the section of the long embankment Shazaiwei, and at the same time, also built 33 roads, such as Zi Cai, Zi Nai, Zi Sha, Yang Qiao, Xiang Xi, Kwai Mei, Cang Hou, Shang Bu, Fushi, Zhen Dong, Zhuchu, Yong An, Xin Hua, Jiu Yuan, Rang Gu, Xin Coco, and so on. The width of the road is generally 6 to 14 meters, asphalt or concrete road surface. To the Republic of China in 38 years on the eve of liberation, the town has 46 main streets, a total length of 14.67 kilometers, of which a total area of 12.89 million square meters of carriageway, mostly concrete pavement, but because of years of disrepair, the road surface is bumpy, poor drainage. Jiangmen after the establishment of the city after vigorous rectification, completely change the original Jiangmen town of the old look, with a new image in the Wuyi area.
Third, the economy jumped to a new level. After the establishment of the city of Jiangmen, the territory expanded, the population increased dramatically, according to statistics in 1930, Jiangmen has 15,077 households, a population of 81,874 people. The market is more prosperous, there is a "small Macao". At that time, developed transportation, the formation of waterways, railroads, highways, supplemented by the transport network, only Jiangmen to Hong Kong every day 6 passenger ships, Jiangmen Port has become the second largest river port in Guangdong Province, second only to Guangzhou. In the early years of the Republic of China, despite the political turmoil, but Jiangmen business is very prosperous. Especially after becoming a provincial municipality, merchants from all over the world, the four townships hawkers in an endless stream, to 1932, *** there are 3,000 merchants. Among them, more than 50 silk cloth, more than 60 department stores and cultural supplies, hardware and electrical pigment 133, sugar, tobacco, wine and tea industry 50, livestock slaughter and 59 burnt wax industry, 24 aquaculture, wine and tea travel industry 17. Because of the merchants gathered, active trade, the financial industry is also flourishing, the city *** with 5 public banks, 4 private commercial banks, more than 50 silver (money changers), more than 10 pawnbroker store and insurance agency, respectively, for Jiangmen, Xinhui, Gaoming, Heshan, Zhongshan and other places of the financial services. Jiangmen Customs in the Republic of ZI years of jurisdiction to expand to Guanghai, Shiqi, Yangjiang, Yimen, Shuitong, Sanxia Sea; divided into all the Dianbai, Boga, Dudu, Zhapo, Beijinkou *** 5. But the import and export trade by the world economic crisis and Japan stepped up the impact of the invasion of China, gradually declining, to the 25th year of the Republic of China, import and export trade fell to 1.97.39 million U.S. dollars. From 1939 to 1945, the Japanese military occupation of Jiangmen during the seven-year period, the industry is depressed. After the victory in the war, the industrial and commercial sectors are gradually restored and developed, has opened a battery, glass, sugar and other light industrial enterprises, domestic commercial import and export trade, finance and insurance, theaters and dance halls, casinos and brothels and other business is booming. At that time, although Jiangmen is a town of 30,000 people, but there is no Telecommunications Bureau, Post and Telecommunications Bureau, Bureau of Shipping, Commodity Inspection Bureau, Overseas Chinese Affairs Bureau and other management agencies; Bank of Guangdong, Agricultural Bank, Bank of China, Bank of Communications, the Postal Savings and Exchange Bureau, the Central Cooperative Bank, and other public banks are still in Jiangmen has a branch, the opening of the waterway passenger line 34, highway passenger line 5, but also opened up a seaplane Sui River passenger routes, the prosperity of the scene. Presented a prosperous scene. Republic of 37 years to the eve of liberation, due to the Kuomintang reactionaries in the political loss of popularity, on the verge of economic collapse, so that the economic development of Jiangmen has been seriously constrained, but it is still not lost in the region of central Guangdong's foreign trade ports, wholesale markets, transportation hubs and financial, postal and telecommunication, overseas Chinese center, news, medical, entertainment and cultural undertakings are still maintaining a leading position.