Mountaineering activities in the collective and individual use of the special equipment, security equipment and daily use of the equipment of the general term. It and mountaineering food, fuel together, constitute the whole material guarantee of mountaineering activities. Mountaineering equipment, should be fully adapted to the characteristics of the environmental conditions of mountaineering, in the design, selection, materials, production, as far as possible to make it lightweight, strong, efficient and multi-purpose.
(1) camping equipment. Including tents, cooking utensils, bedding and a variety of fuels. Mountaineering equipment (2) technical equipment. Including mountaineering ropes, oxygen equipment, side measuring instruments, altimeter, dry hygrometer, steel cones, mountaineering iron locks, lifts, hanging ladders, skid steers, snow shovels and so on. (3) Personal equipment. Including mountaineering clothing, mountaineering shoes, alpine boots, helmets, torches, gloves, protective glasses and so on. Characterized by: lightweight and easy to carry, durable, easy to dismantle, multi-purpose.
Specialized equipment
That is, directly related to mountaineering activities, the most necessary, the minimum equipment. Including clothing equipment, technical equipment and camping equipment.
Clothing equipment
Mainly: ① rock clothing, i.e., clothing and pants worn in competitive mountaineering activities. To tighten the body, cuffs, pants with elastic better, the material should be strong and wear-resistant and rich in elastic wool products. ② rock shoes, a special kind of shoes for rock work. The upper is best to use strong, airy leather materials, soles with hard rubber materials. The sole is thicker and pressed with protruding teeth, in order to facilitate the action of friction fixed, to prevent slipping. ③ Cold clothing for mountaineering activities in the insulation of cold, insulation layer is best used in high-quality duck down, the fabric should be light, thin, dense, waterproof, windproof. Clothing surface color as dark as possible, bright some, in order to facilitate heat absorption and easy to observe and identify the mountain and the mountain. In addition to pants, according to the need can also make down mountaineering equipment cap, socks, gloves and tent shoes. ④ wind and snow clothes, made of waterproof high-quality nylon raw materials. Hooded top, cap, cuffs, pants legs can be adjusted elastic. Its purpose is to prevent wind, keep warm and protect the inner layer. ⑤ Alpine boots, special shoes for climbing snow and ice terrain. The materials used should be warm, waterproof, lightweight and breathable. It can also be equipped with a binding and a shoe cover to further keep warm, waterproof and protected. When moving on icy slopes, ice claws should be tied under the boots. (6) Traveling bag, including backpack, backpack frame and duffel bag. ⑦ Protective eyewear, used to block strong sunlight and ice and snow reflected light, to prevent ultraviolet damage to the eyes, generally teal lenses are better. In the high mountains above 7000 meters, should be equipped with special anti-violet, infrared wind and snow glasses.
Technical equipment
Mainly: ① ice axe, through the snow and ice slopes are indispensable appliances, both to repair the road, auxiliary travel, but also for protection. ② ice claw, in the snow and ice terrain, especially ice slopes when traveling must be equipped, made of light hard metal. Because mounted on the bottom of the alpine boots, and similar to the cat's paw and named. The main role is to travel in the fixed and non-slip. ③Safety belt, by the loop, belt and card composition, tied to the chest, constitute a variety of protection techniques in the connection device. ④ main rope, length of about 35 meters, diameter of about 12 mm, bearing capacity of more than 1500 kg, should be equipped with different colors, in order to facilitate the use of identification. It is used in various protection techniques such as river crossing "bridge" and knotting. ⑤ Auxiliary rope, smaller in diameter than the main rope, with a bearing capacity of about 800 kg. It is used for river crossing and various protection and rescue techniques in conjunction with the main rope. (6) Avalanche flutter, is encountered in the avalanche to explore the buried people a kind of marking. With bright colors, small specific gravity, easy to float silk products. The size of each is about 5 x 0.01 (meters). Tie this to the athlete before passing through the avalanche zone. (7) iron lock, in the technical operation, some equipment needs to alternate between the link and release, in order to avoid cumbersome knotting, untying operations, so that the action is simple and rapid, there must be the aid of iron locks. Sometimes can also be used as a pulley alternative. ⑧ steel cone, rock cone and ice cone two types. In overcoming the difficulty of the rocky, icy terrain in the operation, the different lengths and types of steel cone into the rock crevices or ice, as a pivot point for travel and protection. ⑨ Hammers, generally used for driving in and lifting out steel cones. ⑩ Snow shovels, which are used in shoveling and digging operations such as leveling camps and constructing snow holes. On the basis of some of the above technical equipment, according to the specific section of each task, improve, prepare some corresponding efficiency technical equipment, such as ascender, descender, walking sled, metal ladder, soft ladder, small ladder, skidder and so on.
Camping equipment
Mainly: ① tent, is the mountaineering athletes in the mountain living room. Can be divided into two kinds of low mountain tents and alpine tents. Low mountain tents generally use a single layer of material can be used, alpine tents should be used double layer of material, so that there is an air layer, in order to increase the warmth of the performance. General tent each about 4 cubic meters of space, living 2 to 4 people. If the team size is large, base camp tents can be made into more practical accommodation tents, cooking tents, medical tents. A variety of tents to the top of the shape of the arc is good, in order to enhance the structural force and practicality, in addition to the requirements of waterproof, insulation, ventilation, bright colors, easy to open and close the entrance. ② sleeping bag, with the same material and down clothing, but the insulation layer should be thicker. In order to waterproof moisture, to be padded with felt (air mattress or foam pads can also be). ③ Stove, used to boil water for cooking, but also for heating. There are two kinds of stoves: gasoline stoves and gas stoves. In the high mountains above 7000 meters with thin air, the latter is more effective.
Safeguard equipment
Not mountaineering sports-specific, but in order to cope with a variety of unforeseen circumstances and other purposes and spare some equipment and appliances. Such as oxygen equipment, communication equipment, photographic equipment, self-defense weapons, transportation, observation instruments, medical equipment and general supplies. The type and quantity of protection equipment should be equipped according to the nature of the mission and the size of the team, sometimes it should be simplified, sometimes it should be strengthened. The more important are:
Oxygen equipment
In climbing 7500 meters above the peak, in order to overcome the lack of oxygen in the mountains and medical emergencies, generally need to have oxygen equipment. Oxygen equipment generally consists of gas storage tank, indicating device and mask 3 parts. Storage cylinder is the storage of oxygen containers, cylinder wall material to be as light as possible and high pressure resistance. Indicator device has two parts: barometer and regulator. The former indicates the amount of oxygen stored in the cylinder, and the latter controls and indicates the flow of oxygen. Mask by the mask and its lower cushion capsule composition. Mask worn on the face, so that the mouth, nose and oxygen equipment closed into a system, through the buffer capsule and the skin tube inhalation of oxygen.
Communication equipment
It is used for communication between the base camp and the nearby cities and between the base camp and the mountains. The former can be used according to the distance of the corresponding type of radio transceiver equipment. The latter, it is best to use high-performance small radio. In the liaison between base camp and mountains, athletes should be familiar with and master some original, basic and simple means of liaison, such as flag language, light language, whistle language and so on. For this purpose, care should be taken to equip the equipment with flags, flashlights, flare guns, whistles, fireworks, etc. If the above means are not possible, but also according to the agreement in advance, with the help of burning clothes, objects, etc., the light of the fire to give each other some brief notification.
Photographic equipment
In some mountaineering activities aimed at climbing to the top of the peak, photography is a means of recording and hunting for information to confirm the ascent. Therefore, photographic equipment is essential. In addition to the camera, if conditions permit, should be equipped with a movie camera and video equipment.
Daily equipment
That is, living utensils and supplies. A mountaineering activities, athletes in high mountain activities for a long time, sometimes up to two months, a variety of tools and supplies must be carried. Daily use equipment, including living utensils, health supplies, simple tools, medicines, orientation charts, recreational supplies, paper and stationery, sewing supplies, lights, lighting, sporting goods and so on.