Transformation of foreign trade enterprise management
The transformation of foreign trade enterprises, in addition to the enterprise's own efforts, but also must have the government's correct guidance and strong support. Therefore, good and fast realization of enterprise transformation, is the enterprise and the government **** the same social responsibility. I below for you to organize the foreign trade enterprise business management articles, I hope to help you.
First, the transformation of foreign trade and economic cooperation enterprises a great opportunity
Foreign trade and economic cooperation enterprises transformation, here mainly refers to change the direction of business operations, mode, type and so on. From the perspective of business elements, foreign trade and economic cooperation enterprises transformation has by? Labor-intensive? To change to? Technology-intensive? or? capital-intensive? etc.: From the perspective of business characteristics, there is a shift from? Dependent to? Autonomous etc.; from the perspective of enterprise function, there is a shift from? Manufacturing to service-oriented etc.
The international financial crisis that occurred in the second half of 2008, started in the virtual economy, but it brought a serious impact on the real economy, resulting in a global economic recession, and the international economy closely linked to the foreign trade and economic cooperation enterprises bore the brunt of the production cuts or production stops, and some closed down, which shows that some types of foreign trade and economic cooperation enterprises in China need to be transformed in the necessity and urgency. China's foreign trade enterprises from the business form, there are three representative types: First, industry and trade enterprises, they generally have their own brand, can dominate the production and management of enterprises at home and abroad in the chain of management; Secondly, purely engaged in the import and export of commodities and export-oriented foreign trade companies, they generally do not have their own brand of commodities, mainly based on foreign orders engaged in the procurement, transportation business, in the international logistics of commodity purchases and Warehousing and transportation links, belonging to the intermediate service providers; Third, processing trade enterprises, mainly engaged in processing of materials, no independent brand, in the middle of the international manufacturing industry chain, belonging to the dependent type of ? part-time job? Economy. Industry and trade companies to resist the impact of the international financial crisis is stronger, foreign trade companies and processing trade enterprises to resist the impact of the weaker, the urgency of the transition is particularly.
First of all, due to the impact of the financial crisis, the weakening of international demand, order reduction, and the rise of trade protectionism, to the export of commodities has brought great difficulties, which is particularly significant for foreign trade companies and processing trade enterprises. Dongguan City, which is dominated by the incoming processing trade, has seen an average drop of 30% in orders from enterprises since the fourth quarter of 2008, and the total import and export volume of the processing trade in Dongguan dropped by 44% in January 2009? Dongguan actually closed 865 enterprises last year, nearly 100 more than in a normal year? (Xie Huaxing et al., 2009; Jiang Yuefei et al. 2009).
Secondly, the state has taken a series of measures to accelerate the transformation of the development mode and promote the strategic adjustment of the economic structure by seizing the opportunity of the financial crisis in accordance with the socio-economic development situation and the requirements of sustainable development, and has formulated the revitalization plans for ten major industries such as iron and steel, automobiles, textiles, electronic information, petrochemicals, and light industries, and has approved the Outline of the Plan for the Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta and other regional economic development plans. Economic development planning; local governments are also making corresponding arrangements to eliminate backward productivity, environmental pollution, resource loss, no development prospects of enterprises, the development of new industries, and enhance the ability of independent innovation. National and local government planning and measures to be implemented through the enterprise, foreign trade enterprises, like other enterprises, must adapt to this development trend, it is necessary to carry out the corresponding transformation.
The above situation shows that: in the financial crisis, those export markets, a single, poor risk-resistant foreign trade and economic cooperation enterprises will be? market forces? eliminated, forcing foreign trade and economic cooperation enterprises must be transformed. At the same time, in the process of transformation of national and regional economic development, it will also eliminate backward productivity,? Government forces? also force foreign trade enterprises to transform.
? Market a government? Power and to the foreign trade and economic cooperation enterprises 'transformation to bring great opportunities. First of all, the huge changes in the supply and demand relationship in the international market have reduced the cost of transformation. First, the financial crisis so that the excess capacity of some enterprises in the closure of the market for future economic recovery to reduce competitors, so that enterprises can be low-cost access to a larger market development space. Second, the cost of talent required for enterprise transformation is reduced. The financial crisis has led to many multinational companies? layoffs? , job seekers tend to take the initiative to reduce salary expectations, especially? Mid-range? Talent, which is conducive to the transformation of enterprises with low labor costs to obtain high-quality talent. Third, the production of raw material costs. Since the financial crisis, international oil prices, heavy metals, certain chemical raw materials and other prices plummeted. International crude oil prices from 147 U.S. dollars a barrel, down to the recent hovering around 40 to 50 U.S. dollars a barrel. According to customs statistics: the average price of imported coal through Guangdong ports in January 2009 was US$61.7 per ton, a sharp drop of 45.6% from the previous year, and imported coal was cheaper than some domestic coal varieties. Secondly, while the government has taken a series of measures to cope with the financial crisis, it has also formulated a series of policies to promote economic transformation and upgrading, which is extremely favorable to the transformation of foreign trade and economic cooperation enterprises. The Guangdong Provincial Department of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation has cooperated with banks to secure ?five 10 billion? of financing to promote the adjustment and optimization of the structure and transformation and upgrading of Guangdong's foreign economic and trade enterprises. It promotes the construction of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, facilitates the construction of foreign trade production bases, supports the development of key foreign trade enterprises, and focuses on supporting the export of high-technology and high value-added products. In 2009, the Guangdong Provincial Government arranged 1 billion yuan to promote the transformation of a number of typical processing trade and a number of typical expansion of domestic sales, and based on September 2008, the provincial government issued "Several Opinions on Promoting the Transformation and Upgrading of the Processing Trade" to add 1 billion yuan, the establishment of the transformation and upgrading of the processing trade special funds, dedicated to supporting the transformation and upgrading of the processing trade R & D and innovation of the construction of public **** service platforms, incentives for processing Processing trade enterprises to set up R & D institutions, cultivate independent brands, processing trade enterprises for the transformation of technology and equipment for the domestic loan interest subsidies, etc. (Wang He et al., 2009).
Second, the path of transformation of foreign trade and economic cooperation enterprises
Different types of foreign trade and economic cooperation enterprises due to their respective business models are different, the path of transformation and the choice of measures are not the same. Industrial and trade companies are mainly to develop new advanced productive forces, relying on independent innovation to obtain independent intellectual property rights and well-known brands, shaping new core competencies, forming new competitive advantages in the domestic and international markets, and becoming innovative enterprises with sustainable development.
First, adopt advanced production equipment, reorganize the processing and manufacturing industry chain. Promote industrial transformation and upgrading. Industry insiders believe that in the global integration of the platform, who mastered the production of LCD modules, who will be able to achieve a greater competitive advantage. tcl group on December 22, 2008 the first LCD module in guangdong huizhou line. In this way, the Group can meet the needs of the whole LCD TV production scale increase in the flat-panel TV whole on the one hand, and extend to the upstream of the industrial chain on the other, accelerate the overall transformation and upgrading of the main industry, and get rid of the situation that the key components are subjected to restraints, not only to meet the needs of the domestic market, but also for the Group to use in the manufacturing of LCD TVs in Europe and North America market, which can reduce the cost and increase the profit margin (Du Juan. 2009). Second, independent innovation, change the mode of enterprise development, do not compete with homogenized products in the market, and seize the high-end in the knowledge and technology industry chain. King Kong Glass, a private enterprise in Shantou, Guangdong, has developed bomb-proof glass in response to terrorist attacks, and power generation glass according to the glass curtain wall of a building or the roof of a building, etc. Orders for its products have come in thick and fast, and the price of its export products is five to six times higher than that of ordinary glass (Wu Jiang, 2009). Third, seize the high-end, transform the enterprise logistics business chain. February 18, 2009, Gree Electric and Japan Daikin in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, announced the development of five aspects of strategic cooperation, including technology enhancement and industrial upgrading of cooperation, but also includes the joint procurement of air-conditioning raw materials, parts and components as well as the development of the global market in the area of cooperation, to seize the high end of the value chain, *** with the construction of a new logistics business chain < p> Foreign trade export companies are mainly exported to the United States, the United States and other countries and regions. p> Foreign export companies are mainly to change the type of business and innovative business model, so as to change the mode of development, to obtain new development capacity. First, through the sole proprietorship, joint ventures and other property rights to establish export commodities production base or set up product production and sales enterprises in foreign countries, the company will be transformed into an export-oriented industry and trade-oriented companies. China's traditional foreign trade companies since the 1980s, in ? Diversification, transnationalization, industrialization? Under the guidance of the strategy, many large and medium-sized foreign trade companies have been transformed from the field of circulation into the field of manufacturing, due to manufacturing enterprises and business companies in the nature of the operation, management, talent structure and other aspects of the significant differences between the beginning of the success of the few failures, after many years of refinement there has been a great change, but there is a certain gap with the outstanding trade and industry companies. It is suggested that foreign trade companies according to their own characteristics, learning and drawing on the experience of industry and trade companies to accelerate? Production base s transformation and upgrading, and give full play to its unique advantages of being familiar with international business to form new market competitiveness. Secondly, innovate business model to enhance the value of enterprise logistics services. Some of the most influential companies in the world often create new business models to subvert some of the most basic marketing rules to enhance the value of business services. Wal-Mart, the U.S. retailer, through bulk purchasing to reduce costs and minimize the sales price of goods to become the world's largest retailer. Foreign trade companies can? Second, the three-party? The role of logistics companies, through the integration of foreign demand to form a certain or a certain type of goods? Bulk orders? Carry out? Bulk Purchase The second is the role of three-party logistics companies. Second, three-way? Logistics services, to obtain economies of scale.
Processing trade export enterprises are mainly composed of? Dependent? Change to? Autonomous?
The above ways, in addition to the enterprise's own efforts, all need government guidance and strong support, especially the second way. Internationally renowned processing industry is most concentrated in Dongguan City, in recent years, especially in the case of the international financial crisis, accelerated the transformation of processing trade enterprises, each year there are 100 to 200 processing trade enterprises transformed into a cooperative joint venture. 2008 Dongguan Municipal Government in the industrial clusters in the region, divided into villages and towns, subsectors, engaged in the four categories of 62 transformation of the pilot, and is currently summing up the experience: How to plan the industrial structure, how to support technological innovation, and how to promote enterprise R&D platforms. Since 2005, the municipal government has been providing 1 billion dollars a year to support enterprises to carry out scientific and technological innovation, mainly rewarding enterprises for the creation of independent brands, rewarding scientific research results, and supporting funds for high-tech industries (Liu Xinyu, 2009).
Three, to re-create the theory of foreign economic and trade enterprises
The transformation of foreign economic and trade enterprises is not just a simple choice of some kind of transformation, it is essentially a re-creation of the theory of enterprise management and enterprise? The first is to make sure that you have a good understanding of what you are doing and how you are doing it.
The famous management scholar Peter? Drucker (1998) that: the change of the times will make the enterprise face crises and challenges, and the previous business theory, management methods just tell us? How to do? s tools, such as company behavior based on the market, identifying customers and competitors, technology and motivation, the company's strengths and weaknesses, etc. This is no longer applicable, although most of the time the company does the right thing, but not effective. This is not related to slackness and bureaucracy and the theory of business should be recreated. He argues that there are three parts to a company's theory of operations: first, the organizational environment (social structure, markets, customers and technology, etc., which is used to define the sources of revenue); second, the organizational mission (economic and social value, which is used to define the meaningful results of what the organization does); and third, the organizational competencies (core competencies, which are used to define what aspects of organizational excellence are needed for leadership). To this end, companies should set up systems to monitor and test their business theories, to keep abreast of structural changes in society and the economy, and to think about what crises the new structure brings, what opportunities it creates, and how to respond to them. Signs of changes in the basic environment. Often rarely appear within the organization and existing customers, but in non-customer groups: should be early diagnosis of business theory, every three years on their own products, services, policies, sales channels to challenge and introspection, why the initial entry into this industry is promising, and now it seems to be wrong, it is not done well, or the theory can not keep up with the trend; should be rethinking their own failures of the theory, to take effective measures to make organizational The operation of the real environment and the reality of the actual situation, the formation of a new mission and new core competencies, in order to continuously improve the ability to self-innovation, the transformation and upgrading of the enterprise.
The process of building a business theory is often a process of repositioning the company and its products. Very small tools? Nail clippers Co., Ltd. Liang Boqiang, originally an ordinary tourist souvenir factory owner, from domestic and international visits found that the nail clippers in developing countries are positioned as ? Small hardware? In developing countries, nail clippers are positioned as small hardware, costing a few cents a hand, while in developed countries, nail clippers are positioned as personal care products. Personal care products? In developed countries, nail clippers are positioned as personal care products, beautifully packaged, sold in sets, and sold for hundreds of dollars. According to his own experience, the nail clippers are positioned as? Souvenir? He has been working in the nail clippers industry for many years, and has attached artistic graphics or words to the clippers, which are not sold for their function, but for their fashion. Do not sell function, sell fashion? He changed his business to produce nail clippers and considers his business? essentially a cultural company. with its own brand? Very small tools? Domestic market, the main use of foreign markets using the labeling? St. Aaron's. . In 2008, it sold 140 million yuan of nail clippers and managed to sell three nail clippers with a unit price of up to 1,980 yuan (Zhang Qiang, 2009).
The building of business theories is accompanied by the redesign of business development. Redesigning business development refers to finding new growth points for an organization and reformulating new development strategies with new values and in a different way than before. Business development redesign is to think about what functions, capabilities and competitiveness of an enterprise are out of line with industrial development, what new functions, capabilities and competitiveness must be developed or acquired in the face of the future, and what old businesses should be reduced or removed and what new businesses should be invested in according to the changes in the industrial and economic structure. Zhang Ruimin, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Haier Group, according to the changes in the external environment, the stage of enterprise development, and the experience of many international multinational corporations, believes that the competition in the white goods industry is no longer driven by the technological revolution, and that the competitiveness will be demonstrated in the business model, and proposes to outsource the majority of the production business, and the enterprise will focus its energy on the most core technology and channel services to control the entire industrial chain. The company's business model is based on the idea of outsourcing most of the production business and focusing on the core technology and channel services to control the whole industry chain, which will enable Haier to fade out of the manufacturing industry and transform into a manufacturing service industry (Liu Xinyu, 2009).
The career development redesign of foreign trade enterprises must make the new business away from the traditional organization, adopt the mode and procedures of other industries, rebuild the innovation value mechanism, and form the enterprise's own science and technology innovation system and business management innovation system. Foreign trade export companies and processing trade export enterprises can learn from the experience of Haier, Huawei and other industrial and trade companies to reconstruct their own innovation system and build new competitive advantages.
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