1. Label hundreds of planes parallel to the antenna, so that read the best
2. Ordinary tags can not be directly affixed to the glass, liquids, the human body and metal surfaces, which will cause the tag frequency shift, seriously affecting the readability to take the effect
3. If the RFID read-write line polarization with an antenna, the tag antenna to read with the read-write antenna polarization direction is the same read effect is good
4. UHF tags inventory read when reading the same direction of reading the results
4. If the RFID reader is a line polarization antenna, the tag antenna and reader antenna polarization direction of the same reading effect is good4. UHF tag inventory read is the EPC number, the EPC number can be modified, the version of the version, but you can set up the right to write the protection password, no password can not be modified again
5. UHF UHF tag's unique number is the TID number, the number is The unique number of UHF UHF tags is the TID number, this number is globally unique, factory default, can not be modified
I hope to be able to help you
2. Active RFID RFID common sense
Active tags in accordance with the operating frequency can be divided into 433MHz, 900MHz, 2.45GHz.
In accordance with the mode of communication can be divided into unidirectional tags, bi-directional tags.
According to the package can be divided into card tags, wrist tags, seal tags, key tags, etc. The active reader is generally divided according to the way the interface can be divided into serial, network port type, CAN bus type and so on.
According to the form of active reader can be divided into fixed reader, handheld reader, antenna reader all-in-one.
It can also be divided according to the function of the reader. 1) operating frequency band
2) reader reading distance
3) anti-collision performance (the number of tags read by the reader at the same time)
4) reader sensitivity
5) tag memory capacity
6) tag battery life, transmitter power, receiver sensitivity
7) tag size, shape, and protection (waterproof, (dust, corrosion, explosion-proof) level
8) anti-jamming ability (whether the same frequency signal interference is working properly)
9) stability (tag leakage rate)
10) security (encryption)
11) scalability (whether to support RSSI, TDOA algorithms such as positioning, sensors, combined with the) The basic work of RFID technology The principle is not complex, the tag enters the magnetic field after the initiative to send a certain frequency signal, the reader reads the information and decodes it, and sends it to the central information system for relevant data processing.
Generally speaking, active RFID communication is divided into two types:
1) Simplex: information can only be sent in a single direction between the two points of work, generally corresponds to a one-way tag;
2) half-duplex: information can be sent in two directions between the two points, but can not be sent at the same time the way of work. Generally corresponds to bidirectional tags or dual-frequency tags. 1) tag transmitting power;
2) tag and reader antenna matching at both ends;
3) reader receiving sensitivity;
4) the working environment; 1) to enhance the tag transmitting power;
2) select a high gain, good reception of the reader antenna;
3) to choose a good use of the environment;
4) Enhance the sensitivity of the reader to receive 1) Increase battery capacity;
2) Extend the time interval between tag transmissions;
3) Reduce the tag transmitter power;
The main solution is still equipped with excellent performance, small size of the main high-capacity battery. (1) low battery voltage, the tag information of the tag low voltage alarm position, the host computer receives the alarm message issued a warning;
2) low battery voltage, the battery on the tag low voltage light flashes, the alarm message; 1) reasonable control of the use of tags and readers ratio;
2) reduce the tag launch time interval;
3) good anti-collision algorithms; Sensor-based tag refers to the use of RFID to achieve recognition, collection of tags, external multiple sensors at the outer end of the tag external data collection, after the collection of data transmitted through RFID communication to the host computer.
3. Knowledge about electronic tags
Electronic tags RFID some called radio frequency tags, radio frequency identification.
It is a kind of non-contact automatic diagnosis technology, through the radio frequency signal recognition target object and obtains the related data, the recognition work does not need the human intervention, as the bar code of the wireless version, the RFID technology has the bar code does not have the waterproof, the anti-magnetic, the high temperature resistance, the service life is long, reads the distance is big, the label on the data can be encrypted, the storage data capacity is bigger, the storage information changes freely. etc. Electronic tags are also called smart tags, the English is Tag or Smart Label.
Its core is the use of RFID radio frequency identification technology, storage capacity of the chip is small. The following unfolding talk.
The description of the electronic label 1, the characteristics of the electronic label data storage: compared with the traditional form of the label, the capacity is greater (1bit-1024bit), the data can be updated at any time, can be read and written. Read and write speed: compared with the bar code, without linear alignment scanning, read and write faster, can be multi-target recognition, sports recognition.
Easy to use: small size, easy to package, can be embedded in the product. Security: Specialized chip, serial number unique, difficult to copy.
Durable: no mechanical failure, long life, resistance to harsh environments. 2, the technical principle of a typical RFID system by the electronic tags (Tag), read-write (Read/Write Device), as well as data exchange, management systems and other components.
Electronic tags, also known as radio frequency cards, it has the ability to read and write intelligently and encrypted communication. Read-write by the wireless transceiver module, antenna, control module and interface circuit and so on.
Electronic tags do not contain batteries, electronic tags work by the read-write energy is provided by the radio frequency pulse. The electronic tag receives the RF pulse, rectifies and charges the capacitor.
The capacitor voltage is regulated as the working voltage. The data demodulation part demodulates the data from the received RF pulse and sends it to the control logic.
The control logic accepts the instruction to complete the storage, send data or other operations. EEPROM is used to store the ID number of the electronic label and other user data.
There is also an active RFID system, is powered by the battery, can work in the higher frequency band, recognition distance is longer, and the communication rate between the reader is also higher. RFID system is divided into low-frequency, intermediate-frequency and high-frequency systems according to the different operating frequencies.
Low-frequency systems generally work in the 100k ~ 500kHz, mid-frequency systems work in the 10MHz ~ 15MHz or so, they are mainly suitable for recognition of short distances, low-cost applications; and high-frequency systems up to 850 ~ 950MHz and 2.4 ~ 5GHz microwave band, suitable for recognition of long distances, the data read and write rate of the occasions. 3, the comparison of recognition technology. Barcode, magnetic card, IC card, RFID and other identification technologies, they have their own characteristics and suitable for the application of the occasion.
The following table lists the characteristics of several kinds of recognition technology and the difference. 4, the advantages of the electronic label compared with the bar code even if invisible can be easily read and write; can work in a variety of complex environments; can be easily embedded in a different form or attached to different products; read and write distance, three-dimensional read and write mode; greater storage capacity; key protection, more secure, not easy to forge.
The application of electronic tags electronic tags as a data carrier, can play a role in identification, item tracking, information collection. In foreign countries, the electronic label has been applied in a wide range of fields.
Electronic tags, read-write, antenna and application software constitute the RFID system directly connected with the corresponding management information system. Each item can be accurately tracked, this comprehensive information management system can bring many benefits to customers, including real-time data collection, secure data access channels, offline status can be obtained all product information and so on.
In foreign countries, RFID technology has been widely used in many fields such as industrial automation, commercial automation. Applications include: 1, anti-counterfeiting (electronic version of the following slightly) through the scanning, detailed logistics records are generated.
(1) production line management electronic tags in the production line can easily and accurately record process information and process operation information to meet the demand for flexible production. Workers work number, time, operation, quality control results of the record, you can fully realize the production of traceability.
Can also be avoided in the production environment, handwritten, eye information caused by errors. (2) Warehouse management RFID system for intelligent warehouse goods management, effectively solve the storage of goods information management.
For large warehousing bases, the management center can be a real-time understanding of the location of the goods, the situation of goods storage, for improving the efficiency of warehousing, feedback product information, guidance to production are very important. It not only increases the number of pieces of goods handled in a day, but also can monitor all the information about the goods.
Which the application of a variety of forms, you can stick the label on the goods, by the forklift on the read-write and the corresponding position of the warehouse on the read-write read and write; can also be barcode and electronic labeling with the use. (3) sales channel management to establish a strict and orderly channel, efficient management of sales and inventory is a strong need for many enterprises.
Products in the production process embedded in the electronic tags, which contains the only product number, manufacturers can use the identifier to monitor the flow of products, wholesalers, retailers can use the manufacturer to provide read-write to identify the legitimacy of the product. 3, the management of valuables can also be used for cameras, camcorders, portable computers, CD Walkman, jewelry and so on.
Anti-theft of valuables, settlement, after-sales guarantee. Its anti-theft function belongs to the electronic article surveillance system (EAS) of a kind.
Labels can be attached or built into the packaging of the item. Specialized shelf scanners will scan the goods in real time to get real-time inventory records.
If goods are taken away from the price of goods, the system will verify that this behavior is legal, if it is illegal to take the goods, the system will alarm. Buy orders out of the warehouse, all items of different categories can be scanned through the scanner, a one-time completion of the scanning, in the cash register to generate sales orders at the same time to lift the anti-theft function.
In this way, the alarm will not sound when the customer leaves with the purchased items. When the customer pays the bill, the cash register writes the date of sale into the label so that the customer's purchases are guaranteed and promised accordingly.
4, book management, leasing product management in the book affixed to the electronic tag, can easily receive book information, organize the book without moving the book, can improve efficiency, to avoid work errors. 5, others, such as logistics, automobile anti-theft, aviation parcel management.
4. RFID tags can be used in what
In the logistics supply chain management, RFID tags can be used throughout the supply chain process of material and product tracking.
From supplier supply to production, warehousing, distribution, transportation and sales. Manufacturing companies, in manufacturing units (e.g., workshops), are required to ensure an organized and correct production process; in warehousing units, raw materials and products (semi-finished and finished products) are required to be accurately classified and placed.
To ensure product quality, raw materials and semi-finished products are processed, packaged, labeled, placed and stored in warehouses, and go through the manufacturing process on the shop floor to produce finished products, which are then returned to storage. In each of these processes, labels are required to be attached to the production and storage units of the material to avoid errors due to loss of product information.
Therefore, the need to use modern positioning, communication technology to establish a modern logistics supply chain in line with the requirements and development of the whole time domain, the whole airspace, all-weather logistics tracking and communication information system (, referred to as LTCIS).
5. What is RFID, RFID security knowledge what
RFID radio frequency identification is a non-contact automatic identification technology, it through the radio frequency signal automatically identify the target object and obtain relevant data, identification work without human intervention, can work in a variety of harsh environments. RFID technology can identify high-speed objects and can identify multiple tags, the operation is fast and convenient. The operation is fast and convenient.
RFID is a simple wireless system, there are only two basic devices, the system is used to control, detect and track objects. The system consists of an interrogator (or reader) and many transponders (or tags).
Classification of RFID
RFID is divided into Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF), Ultra High Frequency (UHF), Microwave (MW) according to the different application frequencies, and the corresponding representative frequencies are as follows: LF 135KHz or less, HF 13.56MHz, UHF 860M ~ 960MHz, and Microwave 2.4G,5.8G
RFID according to the energy supply is divided into passive RFID, active RFID, and semi-active RFID. passive RFID reading and writing distance is close, the price is low; active RFID can provide a longer reading and writing distance.
6. RFID tags
There are many kinds of RFID tags, I do not know the owner is to use which band?
RFID tags are mainly divided into two categories: active (battery-powered) tags, passive (no power supply) tags
In accordance with the classification of working frequency bands: 13.56MHz, 433MHz, 915MHz, 2.45GHz, etc., corresponding to the low-frequency, high-frequency, ultra-high-frequency, microwave, and the label of each frequency band has its own corresponding protocols, for example, 13.56 has ISO156932, which is the most important protocol in the world. 13.56 have ISO15693, 14443 protocol, 915M mainly 6B, 6C protocol, and microwave break (2.45G) is not a unified protocol, the agreement is mostly for the manufacturer's internal protocol, 13.56M, 915M is currently mostly passive tags, 2.45G, 433M active tags on the market. The owner needs to first figure out what they really need
Basically, the lower the working frequency band, the closer the distance of recognition.
Active tags have a shorter lifespan, while passive ones have a longer lifespan.
7. How to choose the right RFID tags
RFID tags are mainly used to meet one or more of the following requirements: (1) the tracking of information on the items and traceability requirements; (2) the high accuracy, high security requirements; (3) the unique identification, can not be forged requirements; (4) the handling of a large number of items of the rapidity of demand; (5) the real-time monitoring of the items. (5) the need for real-time monitoring of items.
It can be seen that the application market is not limited to the above, as long as the system has the above requirements, the electronic label can be applied. So how to choose a suitable RFID tag? Let's talk about it.
Why the need for customized RFID radio frequency identification technology as one of the main means of automatic data collection at present, the electronic label is an indispensable part of the RFID system, but in most cases, the universality of the electronic label is not strong, but can be based on the needs of the scene to choose a different RFID tag. For example, from the frequency band, can be divided into LF, HF, UHF, 2.4G and 5.8G, etc., different frequency bands have their own advantages and shortcomings - low-frequency products have good penetration, but the data transmission rate is limited, it can be applied to the animal management; high-frequency (HF) because of its read distance and the protocol limitations are often applicable to the Payment and a variety of identification; passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) can be read over long distances, the most important characteristic is a one-time batch reading, but is susceptible to environmental interference, especially metal and liquid, mainly used in clothing retail and logistics warehousing; 2.4G and 5.8G active products with stable signals, large data transmission, reading distance is very far, but poor battery durability and high price is the application of the shortcomings.
The same band of products, because the use of different environments, its packaging form, the installation method also has a huge difference, to HF, for example, for payment and identity management, often in the form of PVC cards; used for anti-counterfeiting and traceability, you can choose a fragile paper or coated paper way. The same application of the same frequency band products, because of the specificity of the problems encountered by the customer, also presents certain differences.
For example, HF Fragile Label for milk powder traceability, if the surface of the milk powder canister is made of plastic, can be directly glued, if it is made of metal, but also consider adding a layer of wave-absorbing materials. Overall, RFID tags band characteristics, application scenarios, performance indicators and installation of different requirements, affecting the standardization of RFID, so RFID tags customized development is to determine the success of the RFID system application of the key factors.
RFID works how to customize RFID tags RFID tag customization development is a systematic project, to the author's experience roughly need to go through six stages: demand assessment, preliminary selection, cost assessment, sample development, scene testing, selection optimization, the time consumed according to the complexity of the project demand varies, as long as a short half a month, long or need more than three months. 1 demand assessment, initial selection, cost assessment, sample development, scene testing, selection optimization, time consuming project demand varies, short as long as half a month, long or Need more than three months. 1 needs assessment needs assessment is the most critical step, we need to assess the user's application scenarios according to whether the need for RFID radio frequency identification technology.
Not all applications are suitable for the use of RFID RFID technology, such as the traceability of many primary agricultural and industrial products - cabbage, grapefruit, steel, pipe fittings, etc., such products because of their own value is not high, the cost can not afford, in the process of the application of the application of the items will also be due to the interference of the application of the effect of the impact of the items. The application process will also affect the application effect because of the interference of the items. Therefore, often choose a lower cost barcode technology to solve the problem.
So when to choose RFID radio frequency identification technology? Airport baggage sorting, for example, first of all, the cost of the aviation industry, large volume, high value of services, the requirements of efficiency is very high, while the cost of efficiency of accommodation is also high; secondly, the technology, the baggage bar code markers can not be fixed in position, if you use the bar code technology, it is difficult to carry out the batch reading and processing, one-to-one reading often also need manual assistance, low efficiency and high cost. This creates a strong demand for RFID radio frequency identification technology - UHF technology can be used at a relatively low cost to greatly improve the speed of luggage sorting, while ensuring accuracy.
That is, the demand assessment is based on the user's application scenarios to confirm that RFID can meet the requirements of the two major indicators of technology and cost, if it can meet, then the use of this technology. RFID tags used for baggage sorting 2 preliminary selection in the clear use of RFID radio frequency identification technology to solve the demand for the "pain point", then the next key step is RFID RFID tag for luggage sorting. Then the next key is RFID tag selection.
According to the results of the needs assessment, the selected tag frequency band, product size, chip type, package form and installation methods. We take the selection of a fragile tag as an example to introduce the process: A customer needs a tag for high-grade consumer products in the outer carton, the purpose is to prevent counterfeiting and traceability.
In order to facilitate consumer verification, we recommend the use of high-frequency 14443A protocol; carton is square, the folding position has a certain degree of elasticity, we recommend the use of both tear-resistant effect, but also very flexible coated paper material package. In order to facilitate the installation, we use adhesive backing.
In the chip selection, the customer proposed to use one of the chips they provide, for this reason, we re-developed a line according to the chip data; taking into account the need for slightly longer labels at the fold position, the size of the large increase in cost, we recommend to the customer a suitable size of rectangular labels.3 cost assessment in the initial selection to meet customer requirements, according to the results of the cost assessment.
Factors affecting the cost of the main chip type, package form, product size and data requirements, first of all, the chip, according to the different needs of imported or domestic chips can be selected, in general, the price of imported chips will be higher, the larger the storage capacity of the chip the higher the price of the chip, the more functional the chip the higher the price of the chip, such as encryption, TD functionality, dual-frequency functionality, and so on. Next is the package, the more complex the structure of the package, the greater the difficulty of the package, the higher the cost.
Size is also an influential factor, generally the larger the size of the higher price, but in the field of micro-labeling, due to the processing difficulty becomes larger, but the smaller the size of the higher price. Data requirements are mainly related to surface coding, writing data, extracting data and data correlation, etc., each of which will increase the cost.
Because of these factors, we generally provide 3~4 sets of programs to customers for reference, from which we choose the best program for sample development.4 Sample DevelopmentThe most important thing in the process of sample development is not the amount of research and development costs, but the length of the research and development cycle.
The shorter the time spent on this part of the work, the greater the space for strain in the later stages of the project, and the higher the success rate of the project. Sample research.