"Teach from the barbarians to control the barbarians", a hundred years ago Wei Yuan's cry, opened the Chinese nation's sensational rescue and survival of the action, shipping, guns, coal, telecommunications, these are cold fields to be invited to the stage again, due to the science and technology of the West at that time the full leadership of the people of our country had to learn from a lot of their experience.
But today, China has become the world's largest manufacturing country, with the world's most complete industrial production line, just like becoming the "world factory". However, because of the late start and the West's technological monopoly over China in some areas, China's manufacturing still has a lot of unsolved problems, such as the widely used high-end bearings, due to the inability to mass production, we still need to buy from Germany and Japan at ten times the price.
China's winding road of bearing research and development
For people who are not familiar with industry, "bearing" this word sounds very strange, in fact, it exists in almost every aspect of our lives, from small to the parts of the car, large to the space station in the cosmos, as well as all kinds of household appliances, bearings are everywhere.
Bearings are indispensable core parts of machinery and equipment, when other machine parts operating on the shaft, used to maintain the center of the shaft and control the movement of the components is the bearing, but also reduce the axle rolling mutual friction, a variety of bearings can be said to be an extremely critical part of industrial society.
However, at present, the domestic bearing industry is also like many other industrial sectors, due to the failure to break through the key technology, although it can be mass production, but the quality of the products produced is general, so China's use in aerospace, military and other key areas or clocks and watches and other precision instruments on the high-end bearings, or need to be imported from abroad.
Because the development of a high-end bearings to spend too much energy, did not master the core technology we can not easily carry out mass production, because the bearing's fault tolerance rate is extremely low, the slightest error, high-end equipment will face the scrap. The Chinese have never stopped exploring high-end bearing technology, and even achieved good results as early as 1999.
That year's parade, China's independent research and development of the new tank 99A debut, its tank seat and turret seat is our own high-end bearings, this oversized rolling bearings not only let more than a dozen tons of the turret running freely, but also to withstand the shell out of the shell the moment of the huge recoil, such bearings are the majority of the country can not be made out of the bearings.
But such a high-end bearings on almost all the country's strength, consumption is huge. In addition to large bearings, used for precision instruments, a variety of miniature bearings is also a breakthrough problem, such as belonging to the high-end bearings of the nail spiral, although the parts are small, but which hides a lot of subtle technology.
Regrettably, China simply can not like the production of extreme conditions will be applied to the bearings on the tank, spend a lot of effort to produce such a very small and the need for a large number of applications of high-end bearings. In fact, we rely on imports for almost all of our high-end bearings in areas such as aerospace and aviation.
We provide the materials and buy them back at a high price
Some people may be very unconvinced that we can produce them ourselves, so why not use domestic bearings? Data show that the actual life of bearings imported from abroad for the calculated life of more than 8 times, or even up to 30 times, the reliability of more than 98%, while the life of domestic bearings for the calculated life of 3 times, up to 5 times, the reliability of about 96%.
Such bearings may be used in some low-end machinery, but for aviation, high-speed rail and other high-demand parts, we have to choose imported bearings. Currently the world's top ten bearing manufacturers, there are five Japanese companies and two German companies, these two countries also belong to the world's top high-end bearings, China needs to spend more than ten times the price every year to import large quantities of high-level bearings from Germany and Japan.
But also helpless, other people's high-end bearings small amplitude, low wear rate, less heat, excellent quality, China's huge industrial production needs, every year, such a transaction also let many funds from the country's pockets flow to foreign countries. And the ambition of foreign enterprises is far less than this, U.S. companies even to Shandong to build factories, low-end materials purchased from China, the use of technology to make high-end bearings to ten times the price of resale to China.
This is almost a **** knowledge in the developed countries, they buy raw materials needed for processing bearings from China at a low price, and even workers have to use the Chinese, and finally produce high-end bearings and then sell them to China, they only need to master the technical principles, they can profiteer from the hands of the Chinese.
Not willing to be left behind, the rise of Chinese manufacturing
China has the world's largest labor market, but it is in the technology by the Western countries choked neck, bearings need the right materials and lubricants, the key knowledge of mechanics and a lot of experiments, which is what we need to catch up. As early as 2014, China's bearing production has ranked third in the world, in the light industry has reached the world's first.
But they are still not as good as the West in cutting-edge areas such as reliability and longevity, but we are struggling to catch up. In recent years, a team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has made a major discovery in steelmaking by physically dissecting and calculating a 100-ton large ingot, breaking through the technical bottleneck of rare earths applied to the steelmaking industry, and pushing the material side of producing high-end bearings to a new level.
At the same time, many cities have built high-end bearing manufacturing plants, one after another, have many breakthroughs, at present, China can manufacture the smallest bearing diameter of only 0.6 millimeters, the largest bearing diameter of 11 meters, the largest and the smallest between the span of the big shows our technology of the comprehensive. The state attaches great importance to the breakthrough of bearing technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in the field of bearings planned for eight national technology platforms and units.
With the rapid progress of industrial technology, the nationalization of high-end bearings in many fields has also been put on the agenda, the current localization of high-speed rail bearings for the production of substantial progress, plans to achieve high-end bearings in wind turbines this year, independent research, intends to let the domestic bearings in the field of the use of 90%, perhaps ten years later, our domestic aircraft can also be used on our own production of The company is also working on the development of a new generation of high-end bearings for wind turbines.
In the face of the Western countries, the technological monopoly, in the face of the huge gap, the Chinese people have not produced a retreat, China's manufacturing was once crowned "cheap" "low-end" hat, by many Western countries laugh, but now China's industrial technology The rapid development of China's industrial technology, China's manufacturing in the world accounted for more and more high, became the object of various countries compete to buy, these are inseparable from the sweat of generations of Chinese industrialists, their heart of the group of indomitable blood to make China's manufacturing world-renowned.
While just a part of the machinery, high-end bearings are a proof of the country's cutting-edge science and technology. From two eyes to the world's industrial powerhouse, the Chinese people have broken through countless difficulties, high-end bearings is another mountain we face, but in the millions of technicians and workers under the efforts of the domestic high-end bearings will surely stun the world in the near future.