Common first-aid methods for electric shock First, get rid of the power supply 1 first aid for electric shock, first of all, get the electric shock person out of the power supply quickly, as soon as possible. Because the longer the current acts, the heavier the damage.
2. Disconnecting the power supply refers to disconnecting the switch, circuit breaker or other circuit-breaking equipment of the live equipment contacted by the electric shock person; Or try to separate the electrocuted person from the live equipment. When there is a power failure, rescuers should not only save people, but also pay attention to protecting themselves.
Paramedics are not allowed to touch the wounded directly with their hands before the electric shock victim is disconnected from the power supply, because there is a danger of electric shock.
If the person who gets an electric shock is in a high place, he will fall from a high place after touching the power supply. Therefore, preventive measures should be taken.
If the person who gets an electric shock comes into contact with low-voltage charged equipment, the ambulance personnel should try to cut off the power supply quickly, such as unplugging the power supply, switch or circuit breaker, unplugging the power plug, etc. Or use insulating tools, dry sticks, wooden boards, ropes and other non-conductive things to get rid of the electric shock; You can also grab the dry but not close-fitting clothes of the electric shock person and drag them away. Remember to avoid touching metal objects and the naked body of the person who gets an electric shock. You can also wear insulating gloves or wrap your hands with dry clothes to get rid of electric shock; Rescuers can also stand on insulating mats or dry wooden boards to insulate themselves for rescue. In order to release the electrocuted person from the conductor, it is best to use one hand. If the current enters the ground through the electrocuted person, and the electrocuted person holds the wire tightly, you can try to put dry wood under your body to isolate it from the ground. You can also cut the wires with dry wood, an axe or pliers with insulated handles. Cut the thread in stages, one by one, and try to stand on insulation or dry board.
6 If the person who gets an electric shock touches high-voltage live equipment, the ambulance personnel should quickly cut off the power supply, or use insulating tools (wearing insulating gloves, insulating boots and insulating rods) suitable for the voltage level to rescue the person who gets an electric shock. Rescuers should pay attention to keeping a necessary safe distance from the surrounding live parts during rescue.
7 An electric shock accident occurs on the overhead line tower. If it is a low-voltage live line, the power supply of the line should be cut off immediately if possible, or the ambulance personnel should quickly board the pole and fasten their seat belts, and then use wire cutters with insulating rubber handles, dry non-conductive objects or insulating objects to pull the electric shock victim away from the power supply; If it is a high-voltage live line, it is impossible to cut off the power switch quickly, and a short metal wire with sufficient cross section and appropriate length can be used to trip the power switch. Before throwing and hanging, one end of the short route should be fixed on the iron tower or grounding downlead, and the other end should be tied with heavy objects. However, when taking a short route, attention should be paid to prevent electric arc from hurting people or wire breakage from endangering personnel safety. No matter what level of voltage line is electrocuted, rescuers should pay attention to prevent the possibility of falling from a height and touching other live lines again when disconnecting the power supply of the electrocuted person.
8 If the person who gets an electric shock comes into contact with the charged high-voltage conductor that falls to the ground, the ambulance personnel shall not approach the disconnection point within 8 ~ 10m before taking safety measures (such as wearing insulating boots or jumping close to the person who gets an electric shock with temporary feet) to prevent people from being injured by stepping voltage. Those who get an electric shock should also be taken 8 ~ 10 meters away immediately after leaving the fire line. Only when it is confirmed that there is no electricity in the line, can the person who gets an electric shock leave the electric shock conductor and immediately carry out on-site first aid.
9 When cutting off the power supply to rescue the electric shock wounded, sometimes the lighting will be cut off at the same time, and temporary lighting such as emergency lighting and emergency lights should be considered. The new lighting should meet the requirements of fire and explosion prevention in the workplace. But this should not delay the removal of power and first aid.
Common first aid methods for electric shock II. Treatment of the wounded after being disconnected from the power supply 1 If the wounded are conscious, they should lie flat and observe closely, and don't stand or walk for the time being.
If the electric shock victim loses consciousness, he/she should lie flat and make sure the respiratory tract is unobstructed. Within 5 seconds, he/she should call the injured person or pat his/her shoulder to determine whether the injured person is unconscious. Don't shake the head of the wounded and don't call the wounded.
The wounded who need to be rescued should immediately adhere to the correct on-site rescue and try to contact the medical department to take over the treatment.
4 Measurement of respiration and heartbeat:
4. 1 If the electric shock victim loses consciousness, the breathing and heartbeat of the injured person should be judged by watching, listening and trying within 10s.
4. 1. 1 See? See if the wounded have ups and downs in the chest and abdomen;
4. 1.2 Listen? Put your ear close to the nose and mouth of the wounded and listen to the exhalation;
4. 1.3 try? Try to check whether there is expiratory airflow in the nose and mouth. Then use two fingers to gently test whether the carotid artery in the depression next to the Adam's apple on one side (left or right) beats.
4.2 If the results of watching, listening and measuring show that there is no breathing or carotid pulse, it can be judged that the breathing heartbeat stops.
Common first aid methods for electric shock III. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 1 When the electric shock victim stops breathing and heartbeat, he should immediately carry out on-site rescue according to the three basic measures of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to support life.
A. the airway is unobstructed;
B. mouth-to-mouth (nose) artificial respiration;
C. external pressure (manual circulation).
2 unobstructed airway:
2. 1 When the person who gets an electric shock stops breathing, always ensure that the airway is unobstructed. If a foreign body is found in the mouth of the injured person, the body and head can be turned sideways at the same time, and the foreign body can be quickly inserted from the mouth with one finger or two fingers crossed. Care should be taken to prevent foreign bodies from being pushed deep into the throat during operation.
2.2 airway patency can be achieved by lifting chin upwards. Put one hand on the forehead of the electrocuted person, use the fingers of the other hand to lift the lower jaw upwards, and push the head backwards with the help of both hands, so that the tongue base will be lifted and the airway will be unobstructed. It is forbidden to put pillows or other objects under the head of the wounded. If the head is raised forward, it will aggravate the airway obstruction and reduce or even disappear the blood flow to the brain during chest compressions. 3 mouth-to-mouth (nose) artificial respiration:
3. 1 The ambulance personnel hold the nose of the wounded with the fingers of the hand placed on the forehead of the wounded while keeping the airway of the wounded unobstructed. After inhaling deeply, the ambulance personnel should be close to the mouth of the injured person, and under the condition of no air leakage, blow twice continuously, each time1~1.5s.. If the carotid artery still has no pulse after two breaths, it can be judged that the heartbeat has stopped, and chest compressions should be performed immediately.
3.2 In addition to blowing twice at the beginning, the blowing volume of normal mouth-to-mouth (nose) breathing does not need to be too large, so as not to cause bloating. Pay attention to the ups and downs of the wounded chest when blowing to relax. If the resistance is large when blowing, it may be that the head is not tilted back enough and should be corrected in time.
3.3 If the electric shock victim's teeth are clenched, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration should be carried out. When blowing with mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, the injured person's lips should be tightly closed to prevent air leakage.
Common first aid methods for electric shock. Chest compressions 4. 1 Correct compression posture is an important prerequisite to ensure the effect of chest compressions. To determine the correct pressing position:
A. The index finger and middle finger of the right hand go up along the lower edge of the right rib arch of the electric shock victim, and find the midpoint of the joint between the rib and the sternum;
B. Put the two fingers together, with the middle finger at the center of the notch (the bottom of xiphoid process) and the index finger flat on the lower part of the sternum;
C the palm root of the other hand is close to the upper edge of the index finger and placed on the sternum. This is the correct pressing position.
4.2 Correct pressing posture is the basic guarantee to achieve the effect of chest pressing. Correct pressing posture:
A. Let the electrocuted person lie on his back in a flat and hard place, and the ambulance personnel stand or kneel beside the shoulder on one side of the electrocuted person. The rescuers' shoulders are located directly above the victim's sternum, their arms are straight, their elbow joints are fixed, their palms overlap, and their fingers tilt without touching the victim's chest wall;
B) With the hip joint as the fulcrum, use the gravity of the upper body to vertically depress the sternum of normal adults by 3 ~ 5 cm (children and emaciated people should be reduced);
C after the pressure reaches the required level, completely relax immediately, but the palm root of the ambulance personnel shall not leave the chest wall when relaxing. Pressing must be effective, and the effective sign is that the carotid pulse can be felt when pressing.
4.3 Working frequency:
A chest compressions should be carried out at a uniform speed, about 80 times per minute, and the time for each compression and relaxation is equal;
B Chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth (nose) artificial respiration are performed at the same time, and the rhythm is as follows: when a single person rescues, press 15 times, then blow twice (15∶2), and repeat; When two people rescue, the other person will blow 1 time (5∶ 1) after pressing it five times, and repeat.
Common first-aid methods of electric shock V. Re-judgment In the rescue process after blowing 1 min (equivalent to blowing 15∶2 in a single rescue), the re-judgment of whether the wounded's breathing and heartbeat have recovered can be completed within 5 ~ 7s by using the methods of seeing, listening and trying.
2 If it is judged that the carotid artery is pulsating but not breathing, stop chest compressions, perform mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration twice, and then blow once every 5s (i.e. 12 times per minute). If the pulse and breathing have not recovered, continue to insist on cardiopulmonary resuscitation.