Guo Fa [2012] No. 48
People's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the ministries and commissions of the State Council, as well as institutions directly under the State Council:
In order to implement the "Outline of the National Medium and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development Plan (2010-2020)", consolidate and improve the level of nine-year compulsory education, and further promote the balanced development of compulsory education, the following opinions are proposed. In order to implement the "National Medium and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan Outline (2010-2020)", consolidate and improve the level of nine-year compulsory education, and further promote the balanced development of compulsory education, the following opinions are put forward.
First, fully understand the significance of the balanced development of compulsory education
1986 announced the implementation of the compulsory education law put forward the implementation of nine years of compulsory education system in China, in 2011, all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) passed the national "universal nine" acceptance, China has spent 25 years to fully universalize free compulsory education in urban and rural areas, to fundamentally solve the problem of free compulsory education in urban and rural areas. In 2011, all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) passed the national "universal nine-year" inspection and acceptance, and China has, in 25 years, fully universalized free compulsory education in both urban and rural areas, fundamentally solving the problem of school-age children and adolescents having access to school, and laying a solid foundation for improving the quality of the entire population. However, there are still obvious gaps in the level and quality of education between regions, between urban and rural areas, and between schools, and the contradiction between the growing demand for high-quality education and the lack of supply remains prominent. Deeply promoting the balanced development of compulsory education, focusing on raising the level of rural schools and weak schools, comprehensively improving the quality of compulsory education, and striving to realize "good schools" for all school-age children and adolescents is essential to adhering to a people-centered approach to promoting the all-around development of human beings, resolving the deep-rooted contradictions in compulsory education, advancing the scientific development of the cause of education, promoting educational equity, constructing a harmonious socialist society, and furthering the development of a society based on education. It is of great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance for adhering to the people-oriented principle, promoting comprehensive human development, resolving deep-rooted contradictions in compulsory education, promoting the scientific development of the education cause, promoting education equity, building a harmonious socialist society, and further upgrading the quality of the nation and building a strong human resources country. Governments at all levels should fully understand the importance, long-term and arduous to promote the balanced development of compulsory education, enhance the sense of responsibility, sense of mission and sense of urgency, the full implementation of the responsibility, and effectively increase investment, improve policies and measures to further promote the balanced development of compulsory education, to ensure that children and young people of the appropriate age to receive good compulsory education.
Second, a clear guiding ideology and basic goals
The guiding ideology of promoting the balanced development of compulsory education is: to fully implement the Party's education policy, comprehensively implement quality education, follow the laws of education and the law of growth of human resources, and actively promote the standardization of compulsory education schools, balanced and rational allocation of teachers, equipment, books, school buildings and other resources, and strive to improve the level of schooling and quality of education. Provincial governments have been strengthened in their coordination, county-based management has been reinforced, and a sound responsibility system for the balanced development of compulsory education has been established. Overall planning, integrating urban and rural areas, adapting to local conditions, classifying and guiding, and implementing step by step, effectively narrowing the gap between schools, accelerating the narrowing of the gap between urban and rural areas, and endeavoring to narrow the gap between regions, to run every school well, and to promote the healthy growth of every student.
The basic goal of promoting the balanced development of compulsory education is that every school meets the national standard for running a school, and the funding for running a school is guaranteed. Educational resources to meet the needs of school education and teaching, open the national curriculum. Teacher deployment is more reasonable and the overall quality of teachers is improved. The number of school classes meets the national standard, eliminating the phenomenon of "large class sizes". It has taken the lead in realizing the basic balanced development of compulsory education within counties, and the gap between schools within counties has been significantly narrowed. By 2015, the consolidation rate of compulsory education nationwide will reach 93%, and the proportion of counties (cities and districts) realizing basic balance will reach 65%; by 2020, the consolidation rate of compulsory education nationwide will reach 95%, and the proportion of counties (cities and districts) realizing basic balance will reach 95%.
Third, to promote the ****enjoyment of high-quality educational resources
Expand the coverage of high-quality educational resources. To give full play to the radiation-driven role of high-quality schools, encourage the establishment of school alliances, exploring group schooling, advocating peer-to-peer support, the implementation of school district management, and overall enhancement of the level of schooling. Promote the operation of higher level schools and outstanding teachers through *** with the seminar preparation, training, academic exchanges, the opening of public *** class, etc., *** with the realization of the professional development of teachers and the quality of teaching to improve. Vigorously promote education informatization, strengthen the construction of school broadband networks, solve the problem of school broadband access by 2015 in places with conditions, and gradually equip each class in rural schools with multimedia teaching equipment. Developing and enriching high-quality digitalized curriculum teaching resources, focusing on the development of teacher shortage curriculum resources and ethnic bilingual teaching resources. Help more teachers and students to have real-name cyberspace environments to facilitate their independent learning and teaching interactions. We should mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties, and encourage the development of private education while striving to run a good public education.
Improve the utilization of social education resources. Museums, science and technology museums, cultural centers, libraries, exhibition halls, youth out-of-school activities, comprehensive practice bases and other institutions to actively carry out public education activities for primary and secondary school students. Public **** business management departments and industry organizations should strive to create conditions for the development of resources suitable for carrying out practical education for primary and secondary school students as a social practice base. Education departments shall coordinate school education and teaching, social practice and out-of-school activities. Schools should actively utilize social education resources to carry out practical education, and explore effective ways to organically connect school education and out-of-school activities.
Fourth, the balanced allocation of school resources
Further deepen the reform of the compulsory education funding mechanism. Taking into account the economic and social development of urban and rural areas and the educational needs of the people, and oriented towards promoting equity and improving quality, we have increased investment, improved the content of the guarantee, and raised the level of the guarantee. The central government has increased its investment in compulsory education in the central and western regions. Provincial governments should strengthen coordination and increase support for rural and impoverished areas, as well as weak links and key areas. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) can take into account the actual situation in their own regions, and appropriately expand the scope of basic public ****education services and improve service standards.
Promote the standardization of compulsory education schools. Provincial governments should be based on the national standards for the construction of ordinary primary and secondary schools and the standards of the province (district, city), for rural primary and secondary schools with books, teaching laboratory equipment, audio, physical and aesthetic equipment, and strive to improve the rural compulsory education school student dormitories, canteens and other living facilities, and to properly solve the problem of the rural boarding school management and service staffing. It is continuing to implement the Weak Rural Compulsory Education School Rehabilitation Program and the Central and Western Rural Junior High School Building Rehabilitation Project, and is actively promoting the construction of conservation-oriented campuses. We need to take measures such as school expansion and renovation and reasonable diversion of students to solve the problem of "large school quota" and "large class size" in counties and towns.
V. Rational allocation of teacher resources
Improve the initial allocation of teacher resources, to take a variety of effective measures to attract outstanding college graduates and volunteers to teach in rural schools or weak schools. For teachers who have worked for a long time at the grassroots level in rural areas and in difficult and remote areas, a policy of favoring them in terms of salary and title has been implemented, and senior teaching positions are tilted toward rural schools and weak schools in the approval of the ratio of job structure. Improve the construction of medical and pension social security systems, and effectively safeguard the social security rights and interests of rural teachers.
All regions have gradually implemented a unified urban and rural primary and secondary school establishment standard, and have favored village elementary school and teaching points. Reasonable allocation of teachers of various subjects, with full physical education, music, art and other courses teachers. Emphasis is being placed on training and replenishing teachers in short supply for ethnic areas, border areas, impoverished areas and old revolutionary areas. The system of validity of teacher qualification certificates has been implemented, and teacher training has been strengthened to improve the effectiveness of training and to enhance teachers' moral character and business ability.
Implementing the exchange system of principals and teachers of public schools within the county. All localities should gradually implement the county-level education department unified appointment of principals, the implementation of the principal appointment system. Establish and improve the encouragement of urban school principals, teachers to rural schools or weak urban school teaching mechanism, improve the promotion of the exchange of principals and teachers within the county policy measures, the construction of the rural hard remote areas of the teacher turnover dormitory, urban school teachers assessed for senior titles in principle, more than one year of teaching experience in rural schools.
Six, to ensure equal access to compulsory education for special groups
To ensure equal access to compulsory education for the children of migrant workers in urban areas. To adhere to the influx of the main, public school-based "two main" policy, the resident population into the regional education development planning, the implementation of the number of migrant workers migrant children in school in accordance with the allocation of education funding, the appropriate expansion of public school resources, and strive to meet the migrant workers migrant children in public schools to receive compulsory education on an equal footing. In the case of public schools can not meet the needs of the government can take the government to buy services and other ways to ensure that the children of migrant workers accompanying the migrant children to receive compulsory education in private schools organized in accordance with the law.
The establishment of a sound system of care and service for rural students left behind in compulsory education. The work of caring for left-behind students is integrated into the social management innovation system, building a care network with extensive participation of schools, families and all sectors of society, and innovating care models. Coordinate the education and management of left-behind students, and implement a census and registration system for left-behind students, as well as a system of social twinning and assistance. Strengthen mental health education for left-behind students, and establish an early warning and emergency mechanism for the safety and protection of left-behind students. Priority is given to meeting the needs of left-behind students in boarding schools.
Emphasize the development of special education at the compulsory education stage. Governments at all levels should formulate standards for per capita public funding for students in special education schools according to the actual situation of students in special education schools, increase investment in special education, take measures to implement the treatment of special education teachers, and endeavor to run every special education school. Special education classes are opened in ordinary schools, or conditions are provided for students to attend such classes, and children and adolescents with disabilities who are capable of receiving ordinary education are accepted for study. Guaranteeing compulsory education for school-age orphans with disabilities in children's welfare institutions, and encouraging and supporting children's welfare institutions to set up special education classes or special education schools as needed.
Care and support for students in need of special care. Increase provincial-level coordination efforts to implement the policy of subsidizing the living expenses of boarding students from urban low-income families and rural families with financial difficulties. Implement the nutritional improvement program for rural compulsory education students. To do a good job of educating orphans, establish a government-led working mechanism involving multiple departments, including civil affairs, education, public security, the Women's Federation, and the **** Youth League, to ensure that urban and rural orphans of the appropriate age are enrolled in schools with good boarding and living facilities. The rescue and protection of street children is being strengthened, and school-age street children are guaranteed a return to school. Specialized schools have been set up to educate and correct juveniles with serious delinquent behavior.
According to the relevant provisions of the State approved by the recruitment of school-age children and teenagers for professional training in arts, sports and other social organizations, to ensure that the children and teenagers recruited by the school-age children and teenagers to receive compulsory education.
VII. Comprehensively improving the quality of compulsory education
Establishing a scientific concept of the quality of education, oriented to quality education, promoting the all-round development of students in morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics and lively and active development, and fostering the students' sense of social responsibility, spirit of innovation and practical ability. Schools are encouraged to carry out experiments in educational and teaching reforms, and strive to operate with distinctive characteristics and at a high level, so as to provide each student with a suitable education. To establish a system for evaluating the quality of education and teaching and the quality of students' studies, scientifically evaluating the quality of education and teaching and the level of schooling, guiding schools to implement education in accordance with the laws of education and the growth of talents, and guiding society to evaluate education and schools in accordance with the correct concepts of education.
Effectively reduce the excessive burden of schoolwork on students. All localities are not allowed to issue targets for advancement to higher education, and are not allowed to rank districts and schools purely on the basis of advancement rates. The establishment of a system of public announcements of curriculum arrangements, a system of notification of students' physical health status, and a system of home-school liaison, to correct in a timely manner behaviors that increase the burden of schoolwork on students. Schools should conscientiously implement the newly revised compulsory education curriculum standards, and should not arbitrarily increase the difficulty of the curriculum, or crowd out the class time for physical education, music, art, comprehensive practical activities and class meetings, pioneer activities, and scientifically and reasonably arrange students' work and rest time. It is necessary to reform teaching methods, improve teaching efficiency, and stimulate students' interest in learning. Parents should be guided to form correct education concepts and scientific education methods. To strengthen the management of social training tutorial institutions, standardize the training tutorial market.
Eight, strengthen and improve school management
Improve the management of student registration. Provincial education departments should establish as soon as possible an electronic school registration management system and school management information system docked with the national basic education informatization platform, and establish a compulsory education management and public **** service mechanism based on the school-age population in the place of residence. County-level education departments should earnestly do a good job of data collection and daily management, to provide support for timely grasp of the situation of student mobility.
Standardize enrollment methods. County-level education departments should be in accordance with the number of school-age children and adolescents in the region and the distribution of schools, a reasonable delineation of the enrollment range of each public school. Encourage localities to explore the establishment of regional primary and junior high school enrollment system, so that elementary school graduates directly into the counterpart junior high school. Support is being given to the separation of junior and senior high schools, and the construction of nine-year consistent schools is being pushed forward. It is strictly prohibited to establish key schools and key classes at the compulsory education stage. Increase the proportion of enrollment quotas in high-quality senior high schools allocated to junior high schools in the region. The ratio of students enrolled in nearby schools in the region and the ratio of students enrolled in selective schools are included in the index system for assessing education departments and schools, so as to effectively alleviate the "heat of choosing schools".
Standardize financial management. County-level education and finance departments should take practical measures to strengthen the supervision of compulsory education funding to ensure the safe, compliant and efficient use of funds. To strengthen the guidance of the financial management of compulsory education schools, urge schools to establish and improve the financial management system, standardize budgeting, strict budget implementation, do a good job of financial accounts, strengthen accounting, strengthen asset management, improve the efficiency of the use of funds.
Standardize charging behavior. Localities should strengthen the supervision of school fee charging behavior, standardize the school or education sector to accept social organizations, individual donations, prohibit the collection of any fees linked to school enrollment. Prohibit schools alone or with social training institutions jointly or commissioned to hold various types of training courses for the purpose of selecting students, and severely investigate and deal with public schools in any name and manner by running classes, competitions, exams for enrollment and charging behavior. To stop public schools from enrolling and charging fees in the name of the private sector, all restructured schools that do not have independent legal persons, independent campuses and school buildings, independent financial management and independent education and teaching, and that have obtained the qualification of private schools, will carry out the policies of charging fees for local public schools of the same kind. Strengthen the teaching materials preparation, publication, use and price management.
IX. Strengthening Organizational Leadership and Supervision and Evaluation
Provincial governments should establish a mechanism for promoting the responsibility of promoting the balanced development of compulsory education with strong impetus, in place inspections, rigorous assessments, clear rewards and punishments, and public accountability. The balanced development of compulsory education in counties will be an important part of the assessment of local governments at all levels and their principal officials. Education, development and reform, finance, human resources and social security, preparation and other departments should put the balanced development of compulsory education on the important agenda, each responsible for their own responsibilities, close cooperation, the formation of a concerted effort to promote the balanced development of compulsory education work mechanism.
Strengthening the supervision and assessment of the balanced development of compulsory education, and focusing on the assessment of the status of the allocation of resources such as teachers, equipment, books, school buildings, etc. for compulsory education within the county and the gap between schools in the corresponding aspects. Comprehensive assessments have been made of local governments' efforts to guarantee access to schooling, investment, teachers and the alleviation of hot and difficult issues. Public satisfaction in counties will be made an important part of the supervisory assessment. Provincial governments shall, in accordance with the supervisory and assessment methods for the balanced development of compulsory education in counties formulated by the State, formulate specific implementation methods and assessment standards for their own provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), taking into account the actual situation in their localities. Provincial government education supervisory bodies are responsible for the supervisory assessment of the basic realization of the balanced development of compulsory education in the county units under their jurisdiction, and the State Council Education Supervisory Committee is responsible for the review and determination.
State Council
September 5, 2012