Export CIF process (the Chinese translation of cif terms is cost plus insurance plus freight. The seller must bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods until the goods cross the ship's rail at the port of destination)
The process of exporting goods mainly includes: concluding a contract, the buyer opening a letter of credit and chartering.
Hold, prepare goods, handle freight insurance, commodity inspection, customs declaration, ship exchange bill of lading, handle marine insurance, and settle foreign exchange at the issuing bank.
conclude a contract
According to international practice, the negotiation process between importers and exporters generally includes quotation, counter-offer and acceptance of several items.
Stage.
An offer, also known as an offer, refers to a written or oral expression that one of the two parties to a transaction puts forward certain trading conditions to the other party and expresses his willingness to conclude a transaction and sign a contract according to these conditions. Generally, the seller makes an offer, which includes the main conditions for concluding the transaction, such as commodity name, specification, quantity, price, packaging, place of origin, date of shipment, payment terms, etc.
After receiving the other party's offer, if one party does not fully agree with the content of the offer, it will make an oral or written statement to the other party, requesting to modify the offer or new restrictive conditions. This behavior is called counter-offer. Counteroffer is a rejection of the original offer and a new offer, so the original offeror can stop further negotiations.
If the party accepting the offer unconditionally accepts the whole contents of the offer and expresses its willingness to sign the contract to the offeror orally or in writing, it constitutes an acceptance.
After the two parties to the transaction reach an agreement on the contents of the transaction through consultation, in order to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties,
Generally, it is necessary to sign a purchase contract and finalize it in writing, with both parties signing and each holding one copy. Precautions;
1 Conduct a credit investigation on the buyer.
2. The time of shipment determines whether the company has enough time to prepare the goods, whether it can charter a ship and book the space during this period, and the nature of the goods.
3. The port of shipment and the port of destination shall indicate the geographical location of the port and whether it is seasonal.
Check the buyer's letter of credit
After the buyer opens the L/C, the seller shall examine the L/C as soon as possible, carefully examine all the terms in the L/C (validity period, date of shipment, port of shipment, port of destination, date of settlement of foreign exchange, and pay special attention to some special terms, such as whether partial shipment and transshipment are allowed).
Reserve for land transportation insurance
Stocking is to prepare the delivered export goods on time, with good quality and quantity according to the provisions of export contracts and letters of credit on the variety, specifications, quantity and packaging of goods.
The seller shall give priority to the export goods according to the order of delivery and shipment, and pay close attention to the preparation of goods. If the goods provided by the supply department do not meet the requirements of the export contract, they need to be processed, selected and sorted.
At the same time, it is necessary to apply for land transportation insurance (according to the nature and type of goods), that is, cargo insurance from the warehouse to the loading port.
Charter booking
According to the terms of CIF contract, the seller shall be responsible for booking shipping space. If the seller has difficulty in chartering, he can ask the buyer to help him charter.
According to the nature of the goods, the modes of quantity chartering can be divided into liner shipping, time chartering, time chartering and voyage chartering.
Charter, bareboat charter, charter.
The contents of the charter party include the name of the lessor and the lessee, the name of the ship, the registration of the ship, the name of the ship, the weight, volume, the name of the goods, the port of shipment and the port of destination, the time limit for loading, freight, demurrage and dispatch fees and other related matters. Precautions;
1 Description, quantity, weight, size, package and number of pieces shall be filled in both Chinese and English.
The price of valuables should be listed.
The contents of the contact list for chartering and booking must be consistent with the trade contract.
4. Dangerous goods shall be marked with their nature.
Description of demurrage and dispatch.
It should be clearly stated in the contract who will bear the loading and unloading expenses.
commodity inspection
Imported goods that have been legally inspected must be declared to the commodity inspection authorities at the place of unloading or arrival, and are not allowed to be sold or used. In order to lodge a claim within the prescribed time limit, the goods under the following circumstances shall be inspected at the port of discharge (1). (2) Payment for goods after they pass the inspection; (3) Goods with short claim period stipulated in the contract; (4) When unloading, the goods are found to be damaged, short or abnormal. If there is no such situation, and the user of the goods is not in the port, the goods can be transported to the location of the user of the goods, and the goods can be accepted by themselves. If problems are found in the inspection, the local commodity inspection authorities should be asked to issue inspection certificates in time, so as to file commodity inspection claim procedures with foreign countries within the validity period of the claim;
1, the commodity inspection authorities accept the inspection.
Fill it out by the applicant first? Apply for export inspection? , and provide relevant documents and materials, such as foreign trade contracts, letters of credit, original factory inspection results, etc. ; The commodity inspection authorities shall accept the inspection of this batch of goods after reviewing that the above documents meet the requirements; If it is found that it does not meet the requirements, the applicant may be required to supplement or modify the relevant provisions.
Step 2: Sampling
The commodity inspection authorities shall send personnel to preside over the inspection and take samples by random sampling according to different goods forms. The applicant shall provide the storage location and cooperate with the commodity inspection personnel to do the sampling work. [ 1]
Step 3 check
Inspection departments can use various technical means, such as sensory analysis, chemical analysis and instrumental analysis, to inspect export commodities. The inspection forms include commodity inspection self-inspection, simultaneous inspection, factory inspection and origin inspection.
4. Issue certificates
The commodity inspection authorities issue inspection certificates to the commodities that have passed the inspection, or at? Export goods declaration form? Put a release stamp on it. After obtaining the inspection certificate or release notice, the export enterprise shall declare the export within the prescribed period of validity.
Cargo collection port
After the ship or shipping space is arranged, the consignor or his agent shall transport the export goods that meet the loading conditions to the warehouse or freight yard designated by the port area within the specified loading time.
export declaration
Declaration of import and export goods The consignee, consignor or his agent of import and export goods shall, during the process of import and export of goods, fill in the declaration form of import and export goods within the time limit stipulated by the customs, attach the relevant freight and commercial documents, and provide the documents approving the import and export of goods to declare to the customs. Unless specially approved by the General Administration of Customs, it shall be subject to customs inspection. The purpose of inspection is to check whether the contents declared in the customs declaration documents are consistent with the actual arrival situation, whether there are false reports, omissions, concealment and false reports, and whether the import and export of goods are legal. The main documents for customs declaration are as follows: goods declaration form. Generally fill in two copies (three copies of customs declaration form required by Beijing Customs). The items filled in the customs declaration form shall be accurate, complete and clear, and pencils shall not be used; Where there are statistical codes, tariff codes and tax rates stipulated by the customs, the customs declarant shall fill them in red ink; Each customs declaration is limited to four kinds of goods; If it is found that there are circumstances or other circumstances that need to change the contents, it shall submit the change form to the customs in a timely manner.
In the process of export customs clearance, it is very important to prepare a complete and correct set of customs declaration documents.
Basic customs declaration documents include:
Original commercial invoice, original packing list, copy of contract (also called proforma invoice or sales confirmation), copy of customs declaration, copy of customs declaration agreement and original verification form.
(See the left column for samples of various common customs declaration documents)
According to the customs supervision conditions for export commodities, corresponding certificates must be provided, such as commodity inspection certificate, certificate of origin, fumigation certificate, etc.
The following points should be paid attention to when compiling and auditing basic documents:
First of all, the contents of the document must be complete.
The items to be displayed in the commercial invoice include: invoice number, contract number, date, name of the buyer's company, port of shipment, port of destination, shipping mark, product name, quantity, unit price, total price, etc. The content of each item must be consistent with each other In the packing list, except for the unit price and total price, everything else is the same as the invoice. There are also the number of packages, gross weight, net weight and size (i.e. volume), and the original documents are not allowed to be altered.
Second, the contents of various documents must be consistent with each other, so as to be consistent with each other.
Documents should be sent to the customs declaration agency for sorting and checking as soon as possible, no later than two days before the port of collection. If the documents can't be issued on time or there is something wrong with the original documents, and they are in a hurry to clear customs, they will usually be replaced by faxes and made by customs declarers? Promise? Customs declaration, and then make up the original documents.
Third, fill in the customs declaration form.
According to the format of the customs declaration form, the corresponding contents provided are entered by the customs declarant and transmitted through the customs EDI system. The data must be accurate and strictly consistent with other orders. Otherwise, it will affect the return speed of verification form and customs declaration form.
Shipment by bill of lading
In the process of loading, we should send someone to supervise the loading, keep abreast of the loading situation and deal with the problems in the work. If the goods are damaged during transportation, the signature of the person in charge shall be obtained, and the goods shall be replaced and packaged for maintenance. After loading, the first mate's receipt should be returned to the carrier in exchange for the on-board bill of lading. At the same time, the shipping notice is sent to the buyer.
Deal with marine insurance
After the goods are loaded, the People's Insurance Company of China shall be informed of the name of the ship, the number of the bill of lading, the sailing date, the port of shipment, the destination port and the name and quantity of the goods in time, that is, with the handling of insurance procedures, the insurance company will automatically underwrite the goods according to the provisions of the insurance contract already opened (at present, in order to simplify the procedures and prevent the phenomenon of missing insurance, the open insurance method is generally adopted, and the responsible party and the insurance company sign a monthly insurance contract).
1 Choose the insurance type according to the nature and characteristics of the goods.
Choose risks according to commodity packaging.
Ports choose risks according to transportation routes.
4 cargo damage method.
5 international political situation.
6 Understand the coverage of insurance.
Settle foreign exchange accounts
After exchanging ocean bills of lading, prepare documents (commercial bills, transport documents, insurance policies, certificates of origin, inspection certificates, etc.). ) and negotiate settlement with the buyer's L/C issuing bank as soon as possible.
Precautions;
1 Prepare the required documents.
Documents must be submitted to the bank 2 1 days before the date of shipment and not later than the expiry date of the letter of credit.
Matters needing attention in CIF should be emphasized. According to CIF terminology, although the seller has arranged the transportation of the goods and handled the freight insurance, the seller does not undertake the obligation to ensure the delivery of the goods to the agreed destination port, because CIF is a term for shipment delivery, not for delivery at the destination port, that is to say, CIF is not? CIF？ .
CIF, that is, "cost, insurance and freight", means that the delivery is completed by loading the carrier's ship at the port of shipment.
CIF usually refers to FOB+ freight+insurance.
C & CIF price is different from CIF price. F: Cost plus freight means cost plus freight, followed by the name of the destination port, which means that the freight should be counted to the destination port and the responsibility should stop at the loading port.
C & ampF(CFR) usually refers to FOB+ freight. The seller must pay the freight and expenses required to transport the goods to the designated destination port, but the risk of loss or damage of the goods and any additional expenses caused by various events will be transferred from the seller to the buyer after delivery. However, under CIF conditions, the seller must also insure the buyer's goods against the risk of loss or damage in transit.
Therefore, the seller enters into an insurance contract and pays the insurance premium. The buyer should note that the CIF term only requires the seller to insure the minimum insurance. If the buyer needs higher insurance coverage, he needs to reach a clear agreement with the seller or make additional insurance arrangements by himself.
CIF terms require the seller to go through the customs clearance procedures for the export of goods.