One, two know one
(a) know the dangers of fire
In social life, fire is one of the disasters that threaten the safety of public ****, endangering people's lives and property. As the saying goes: "fire and water"; "thieves steal half, fire burns all."
The danger of fire is specifically reflected in the following five aspects.
1, the fire will cause heavy direct property losses On August 5, 1993, Shenzhen Anmao Dangerous Goods Storage and Transportation Company Qingshuihe Warehouse, due to the mixed storage of chemical hazardous substances and the reaction, resulting in fire and explosion accidents, the fire burned for 16 hours, there were 15 deaths, 8 people are missing, 873 people were injured, in the rescue of only the public security police, there were 54 casualties, two deputy director of the Public Security Bureau martyred, burned 39,000 square meters of floor space, fire direct property losses of 1.52 billion yuan, 4.6 million yuan of property was burned every day.
2, the fire caused by indirect property losses are more serious Modern society, all walks of life are closely linked to the whole body. Once a heavy, large fire, resulting in indirect property losses, often tens of times the direct property losses. July 3, 1990, Sichuan Province, Liziyuan Railway Tunnel due to oil tanker truck overflow of oil and gas encountered sparks leading to an explosion and fire. Participate in fire fighting and rescue battles with the PLA 13th Group Army, the Second Artillery Group, Chengdu Military Region, Daxian County Military Subdistrict Reserve Division, as well as the Armed Police Daxian detachment, four detachments, the Sichuan Provincial Fire Brigade. The fire direct property losses of only 5 million yuan, but caused the interruption of railroad transportation for 23 days, the 26th full line, resulting in thousands of travelers stranded and many units stopping work and waiting for materials, indirect property losses are difficult to estimate.
3, the fire will cause a large number of casualties According to statistics, in 2000, the national fire burned to death 3,021 people, burned 4,404 people, an average of 8.3 people per day in the fire was burned to death. 2000 Sichuan **** fire 5,718, 102 people died, 243 people were injured. December 25, 2000 in Henan Luoyang, Dongdu commercial building due to welding workers unauthorized operation of the fire, causing 309 deaths, 7 people were killed, 7 people were injured. , resulting in 309 deaths and 7 injuries. The statistics of the International Fire Services Technical Committee on the global fire survey show that in recent years, 6-7 million fires have occurred in the world each year, and about 6-7 million people have lost their lives in fires, and the six countries with the highest number of deaths in fires each year are: (1) India, with an average of 20,000 people per year; (2) Russia, with an average of 13,500 people per year; (3) the United States, with an average of 5,000 people per year; (3) the United States, with an annual average of 5,000; (4) China, with an annual average of 2.1,000; (5) Japan, with an annual average of 2,000; and (6) Ukraine, with an annual average of 1.7,000.
4, the fire will cause the destruction of the ecological balance May 6, 1987 to June 2, almost a month-long Daxing'anling forest mega-fire, the fire is the direct cause of the forest workers in the wild smoking caused by the indirect cause is the climatic conditions conducive to combustion, combustible materials. The People's Liberation Army, forest police, public security and firefighting personnel, the majority of workers nearly 100,000 people and the people of the army after nearly a month of fighting to the death, before the fire was extinguished. The fire caused 193 people lost their lives, 226 people were injured, the fire destroyed more than 10 million mu of forestry resources, the fire affected 1 county and 3 towns, the destruction of the ecological balance of 80 years to recover, the economic loss of up to 6.913 billion yuan. According to statistics, China's annual average forest fire deforestation area of 1 million hectares (China's forest coverage rate of only 13%, 60% of Japan), a large area of forest reduction, resulting in flooding.
5, the fire will cause adverse socio-political impacts such as fires occur in the head of the organization, communication hubs, foreign units, ancient buildings, scenic areas, etc. will cause serious political impacts, and even spread throughout the country and the world. November 15, 1994, Jilin City, Yindu nightclub fire due to arson, the city museum in the same building, burned 6800 square meters of floor space, not only caused direct property losses of more than 6.71 million yuan, and will not be able to calculate the museum's collection of cultural relics in more than 7,000 pieces and Heilongjiang in the museum tour of the 1 more than 7,000 million years ago, the fossil of the dinosaurs (11 meters long, 6.5 meters high) was burned. 6.5 meters) was burned, as well as the world-class treasure, was included in the "Guinness Book of the World" Jilin meteorite rain in the largest meteorite No. 1 (weighing 1,775 kg) was also divided into two halves in the fire, and two people were burned to death, resulting in incalculable economic losses, but also caused an adverse political impact. From this we can see that the danger of fire is quite serious. We must conscientiously implement the implementation of the "prevention-oriented, prevention and elimination of combining" approach to fire prevention, fire prevention work at the same time, in the ideological, organizational and material actively prepare for the fire, so that once the fire, can quickly and effectively extinguish the fire, minimize fire damage and casualties.
(2) know how to alarm
In daily life, people will inevitably encounter some emergencies, when encountering hazards, timely and correct alarm is the first link, once the alarm error, not only will the public security organs will lose the opportunity to fight, but also will make the victim suffered greater losses. Therefore, as a parent should not only master several of the most commonly used alarm, first aid methods, but also should teach children to correctly use these methods and precautions.
1, in case of trouble, dial "110" "110" is the police in order to fight crime in a more timely manner and independent alarm service desk, 24 hours a day to accept the citizens of the police and help. Calling "110" is the fastest way to call the police.
2, the police content to be specific and accurate The main contents of the alarm: found, the occurrence of the case of time, location; the scene of the original state; whether or not to take measures; the number of criminals or suspects, characteristics, tools, related to the situation of the vehicle (color, model, license plate number, etc.), carrying goods and escape direction and so on. Call "110" police also need to tell you where the location, the use of telephone numbers, contact information.
3, the nearest rapid alarm If you do not have a phone around, or suffered a current infringement of the situation is critical, to the nearest or most convenient to their own public security organs to report to the police. If the police on the way to the police patrol, traffic police, you can also ask them for help. This will save time and facilitate the police to attack.
4, flexible and mobile alarm In case you meet the attack of criminals, can not alarm, or due to physical mobility, to timely entrust the family or the surrounding masses to help alarm. For some non-current cases, you can also alarm the police through the form of letters, pay attention to the content of the letters to be true, the handwriting should be clear.
5, timely treatment of physical injuries If you suffer from unlawful invasion of very serious injuries, while asking others to report to the police, you can first timely to the nearby hospital, pay attention to save the medical records, a variety of auxiliary examination (such as X-ray, CT scan, etc.) results, and timely delivery to the public security organs.
6, accurately provide the loss of items Description of what items, how its color and shape and the degree of damage, the more detailed the statement, the more favorable to solve the case. If you have been stolen and robbed of cell phones, pagers or depository receipts, passbooks and other items, to the relevant departments in a timely manner for the suspension or stop paying procedures.
7, the correct protection of the scene After the completion of the alarm, the victim or witnesses should be at the scene waiting for the arrival of the police. Some of the murder, robbery, theft and other cases of the scene, but also to take timely protective measures, before the arrival of the police, in addition to rescue the injured, do not allow anyone to enter. Note: Teach your children not to call the above important numbers or falsely report a crime out of curiosity or for fun when there is nothing else to do, or they will be held legally responsible for it. In order to keep track of the situation of minor children, in case of emergency can be related to friends and relatives school, police station, first aid station can easily get in touch with, as the guardian of the parents should be some of the necessary contact phone number always on hand, in order to use in case of emergency.
(C) will escape to save themselves
The fire, if the fire is besieged, especially when besieged in the upper floors, in the dialed 119 alarm phone, we should try to save themselves by all means. Specific practices are as follows:
Fire escape
If the fire is not big, you can soak wet quilts, blankets, etc., draped over the body from the fire to rush out. At this time, to make a decision, do not hesitate, so as not to burn more and more fire, missed the escape time. Being in the smoke cover the mouth and nose
If trapped around the smoke is very large, which can be more terrible than the fire. Because the smoke contains a lot of toxic and harmful gases, if you do not take precautions, you will be toxic and harmful smoke, which is often the cause of fire accidents in the highest mortality rate (about 95%). If you must rush out of the smoke area, you must cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, as far as possible, run out with a cat on the ground, so as to reduce the amount of smoke inhalation, so as not to fall down poisoned.
Observe the surrounding to find a chance
If the building has a refuge room, evacuation stairs, you can first hide in the refuge room or evacuation stairs to a safe place.
If a multi-storey building fire, the stairs have been burned off, or the fire has been quite fierce, you can use the house tiger windows, balconies, downspouts or other objects that can be grounded firmly escape.
Jumping escape skills
If your life is threatened, and there is no escape route, you can use a rope or a sheet torn into strips to connect, one end of the chain in a fixed object, and then slide down the rope or cloth.
If you decide to jump out of the building in a hurry, you can first throw some clothes and quilts to the ground to increase the cushion, and then slide down with your hand on the window sill to reduce the height of the jump and try to keep your feet on the ground as much as possible to save your life.
If in the higher floors, and can not be taken to jump to escape, can be indoors, closed to the fire area of the doors and windows, if possible, as far as possible to the doors and windows on the water to slow down the spread of fire. At this time, to take all means (such as available phone, throwing objects and other methods) to the people downstairs to send a distress signal, in order to win the opportunity to rescue.
Danger see true love, in the fire at the moment of life and death, but also to carry forward the spirit of mutual assistance and dedication, try to help the old, young, women, the weak and the priority of the evacuation. We must not panic and lose our heads and take the road in a disorderly manner.
Evacuation never into the elevator
Particular attention should be paid to the high-rise building fire, if it is not a fire dedicated elevator, never into the elevator to escape. Because this time the elevator power supply may be cut off at any time, and elevator access often in the event of a fire first became the first part of the attack of smoke into the flue.
Two, general fire fighting requirements and the use of fire fighting equipment
In accordance with the principle of combustion, the principle of all fire extinguishing methods is to extinguish the agent sprayed directly onto the burning object. Or the extinguishing agent will be sprayed on the material near the source of the fire, so that it is not due to the role of flame heat radiation and the formation of a new fire point.
Cooling method
The principle of this fire extinguishing method is to spray the extinguishing agent directly onto the burning object to reduce the temperature of the burning below the ignition point, so that the combustion stops. Or the agent will be sprayed on the material near the source of the fire, so that it is not due to the role of flame heat radiation and the formation of a new fire point. Cooling fire extinguishing method is a major method of fire extinguishing, commonly used water and carbon dioxide as a fire extinguishing agent to cool down the fire. Extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing process does not participate in the chemical reaction in the combustion process. This method belongs to the physical fire extinguishing methods.
Isolation fire method
Isolation fire method is the burning material and the surrounding non-combustible combustible material isolation or move away, interrupt the supply of combustible material, so that the combustion due to the lack of combustible material and stop. Specific methods are:
1, the fire source near the combustible, flammable, explosive and combustion-assisted items removed;
2, close the valve of the combustible gas, liquid pipeline, in order to reduce and prevent the combustible material into the combustion zone;
3, try to block the flow of flammable, combustible liquids;
4, demolition of combustible buildings adjoining the fire, the formation of a space zone to prevent the spread of the fire. fire spread of the space zone.
Asphyxiation method
Asphyxiation method is to prevent the air flow into the burning area or non-combustible area or with non-combustible substances to dilute the air, so that the burning material does not get enough oxygen and extinguish the fire extinguishing methods. Specific methods are:
1, with sand, cement, wet sacks, wet quilts and other non-combustible or flammable materials to cover the burning material;
2, spray mist water, dry powder, foam and other extinguishing agents to cover the burning material;
3, with water vapor or nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other inert gases to fill the fire container, equipment;
4, sealed fire buildings, equipment and holes;
5, non-combustible gases or non-combustible liquids (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, carbon tetrachloride, etc.) sprayed into the area of the burning material or on the burning material.
Fire extinguishing general knowledge
Solid fires should be the first water-type, foam, phosphate amine salt dry powder, halothane-type fire extinguishers
Liquid fires should be the first dry powder, foam, halothane, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers to fight.
Gas fires should first be extinguished with dry powder, halothane, carbon dioxide extinguishers.
Electrified object fire should be used first halothane, carbon dioxide, dry powder fire extinguishers.
Fighting metal fire extinguishing equipment should be designed by the design department and the local public security fire prevention supervision department to negotiate a solution, at present, China has no regular type of fire extinguisher products.
The use of fire extinguishers and fire fighting methods can refer to the "fire extinguishers" fire extinguisher classification
There are many types of fire extinguishers, according to its mobile mode can be divided into: portable and cart type; according to the driving force of the fire extinguishing agent can be divided into: storage cylinder type, storage pressure type, chemical reaction type, according to the fire extinguishing agent can be filled and can be divided into: foam, dry powder, halogenated alkane, Carbon dioxide, acid and alkali, water, etc.
Fire extinguishers to adapt to the fire and how to use (portable)
Foam fire extinguishers to adapt to the fire and how to use
Scope of application: suitable for fighting general class B fires, such as oil products, grease and other fires, can also be applied to the class A fires, but can not fight class B fires in the fire of the water-soluble flammable and flammable liquids, such as alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones and other substances fire; can not fight electric equipment and C fire. It can't extinguish the fire of electric equipment and the fire of C and D category.
Methods of use: Hand-held cylinder on the upper part of the ring, quickly run to the fire. It should be noted that the fire extinguisher should not be excessively tilted, not to take or upside down, so as not to mix the two agents and sprayed out in advance. When the distance from the fire point of about 10 meters, you can turn the cylinder upside down, a hand holding the ring, the other hand to hold the bottom ring of the cylinder, the jet aimed at the burning material. When fighting combustible liquid fire, such as has been flowing combustion, the foam will be sprayed from far and near, so that the foam completely covered in the burning liquid surface; such as burning in the container, the foam should be shot to the inner wall of the container, so that the foam along the inner wall of the flow, and gradually cover the surface of the liquid on fire. Do not spray directly against the liquid surface, so as to avoid the impact of the jet, but the burning liquid scattered or flushed out of the container, expanding the scope of combustion. When fighting solid material fire, the jet should be aimed at the most violent burning. With the shortening of the effective jet distance when extinguishing a fire, the user should gradually approach the burning area and always spray the foam on the burning material until it is extinguished. The extinguisher should always be inverted when in use, otherwise the spray will be interrupted.
(Portable) foam fire extinguishers should be stored in a dry, cool, ventilated and easy to access place, not near the high temperature or may be exposed to the sun, in order to prevent carbonic acid decomposition and failure; winter to take anti-freezing measures to prevent freezing; and should be often wiped out the dust, unclogging the nozzle, so as to keep it open.
Cart-type foam fire extinguishers adapt to the fire and the use of
The adaptation of the fire and portable chemical foam fire extinguishers are the same.
Methods of use: when in use, generally operated by two people, the first fire extinguisher quickly pushed and pulled to the fire, stopping at about 10 meters from the fire point, by a person after the application of the spray hose, both hands holding the gun and aimed at the combustion; the other one is the first counterclockwise direction of rotation of the handwheel, will be the screw up to the highest position, so that the cap is open to the full, and then tilt the cylinder back, so that the tie rod touches the ground, and will be the valve handle Rotate 90 degrees, you can spray foam to extinguish the fire. If the valve is installed at the gun, the person responsible for operating the gun to open the valve.
Fire extinguishing methods and precautions and portable chemical foam fire extinguishers are basically the same, you can refer to. Because of this kind of fire extinguisher's spraying distance is far, continuous spraying time is long, thus can give full play to its advantages, used to fight a larger area of the storage tank or tanker and so on at the beginning of the fire.
Air foam fire extinguishers to adapt to the fire and the use of
Scope of application: the scope of application is basically the same as the chemical foam fire extinguishers. But the solvent-resistant foam extinguisher can also fight water-soluble flammable, combustible liquids such as alcohol, ether, ketone and other solvents burning the initial fire.
Methods of use: the use of hand-held or shoulder to quickly run to the fire, in about 6 meters from the burning material, pull out the safety pin, one hand to hold open the pressure handle, the other hand to hold the gun; pinch to open the pressure handle, open the seal or puncture the sealing piece of the cylinder, the air foam can be sprayed from the mouth of the spray gun. Fire extinguishing method is the same as portable chemical foam fire extinguisher. However, when the air foam fire extinguisher is used, the fire extinguisher should always be kept in an upright position, do not use it upside down or lying down, or it will interrupt the spraying. At the same time should always hold on to open the pressure handle, can not let go, otherwise it will also interrupt the spray.
Acid and alkali fire extinguishers to adapt to the fire and the use of
Adaptation range: suitable for fighting the initial fire of the burning of class A substances, such as wood, fabrics, paper and other burning fires. It can not be used to extinguish class B material burning fire, also can not be used to extinguish class C combustible gas or class D light metal fire. It also cannot be used to extinguish fires in electrically charged objects.
Methods of use: the use of handheld cylinder should be carried on the upper part of the ring, quickly run to the fire. Never carry the fire extinguisher on the back, can not be overly tilted to prevent the mixture of two kinds of liquid and early injection. In about 6 meters from the burning material, you can turn the fire extinguisher upside down, and shake a few times, so that the two liquids to speed up the mixing; a hand holding the ring, the other hand grasps the cylinder body under the bottom ring will be sprayed out of the jet aimed at the most intense combustion jet. At the same time as the jet distance shrinks, the user should be pushed closer to the burning place.
The use of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers
Fire extinguishers as long as the fire extinguishers mentioned or carried to the fire, about 5 meters from the burning material, put down the fire extinguishers to pull out the safety pins, one hand to hold the horn cylinder root handle, the other hand to hold tightly to start and stop the valve of the pressure handle. For carbon dioxide fire extinguishers without a spray hose, the flapper should be boarded upward at 70-90 degrees. When using it, you can't grab the outer wall of the horn cylinder or the metal connecting pipe directly with your hand to prevent your hand from being frostbitten. When extinguishing the fire, when the combustible liquid is burning in the form of a stream, the user will spray the jet of carbon dioxide extinguishing agent towards the flame from near to far. If the combustible liquid is burning inside the container, the user should lift the flare. Spray from the upper part of one side of the container into the burning container. However, the carbon dioxide jet should not be directly impacted on the surface of the combustible liquid to prevent the combustible liquid from being washed out of the container and enlarging the fire, resulting in difficulties in extinguishing the fire.
Truck-type carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are generally operated by two people, the use of two people together to push or pull the fire extinguisher to the burning place, in about 10 meters from the burning material to stop, a person quickly remove the trumpet and unfolding the jet hose, hold the trumpet root handle, another person quickly rotate the handwheel in the counterclockwise direction, and open to the maximum position. Fire extinguishing method is the same as the portable method.
When using carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, used outdoors, should choose to spray in the upwind direction. When used in narrow space inside the outdoor, the operator should leave quickly after extinguishing the fire to prevent asphyxiation.
1211 portable fire extinguishers use:
When using the portable fire extinguishers should be hand-held or shoulder fire extinguishers to the fire. In about 5 meters from the burning place, put down the fire extinguisher, first pull out the safety pin, one hand holding the opening handle, the other hand holding the nozzle at the front of the jet hose. If the fire extinguisher does not have a jet hose, you can hold the opening handle with one hand and the other hand holding the bottom of the fire extinguisher bottom ring part. First, the nozzle is aimed at the burning place, hold the opening pressure handle, so that the fire extinguisher spray. When the extinguished combustible liquid presents the flow of combustion, the user should be aimed at the root of the flame from near to far and swept from side to side, forward quickly, until the flame is extinguished. If the combustible liquid burning in the container, should be aimed at the flame of the left and right swaying sweep, when the flame is driven out of the container, the jet stream followed by the flame sweeping, until the flame is extinguished. However, it should be noted that the jet stream should not be sprayed directly on the surface of the burning liquid to prevent the impulse of the extinguishing agent will be flushed out of the container of combustible liquids and expand the fire, resulting in difficulties in extinguishing the fire. If the combustible solid material to fight the incipient fire, the jet will be aimed at the most intense burning spray, when the flame is extinguished, measures should be taken in a timely manner to prevent it from rekindling. 1211 extinguishers can not be used upside down, can not be lying down, or the extinguishing agent will not be sprayed out. In addition, when used outdoors, should choose to spray in the upwind direction; in the narrow indoor fire, the operator should be quickly evacuated after the fire, because the 1211 extinguishing agent also has a certain degree of toxicity, in order to prevent harm to the human body.
Trolley 1211 fire extinguisher use:
Fire extinguishing is generally operated by two, the first will be pushed or pulled to the fire extinguishers, in the distance from the burning place to stop at about 10 meters, a person to quickly let go of the jet hose, holding the gun, aimed at the burning place; the other quickly open the valve of the fire extinguisher. Fire extinguishing methods and portable 1211 fire extinguishers are the same.
Trolley-type fire extinguisher maintenance
Trolley-type fire extinguishing appliance maintenance requirements and portable 1211 fire extinguishers are the same.
1301 use of fire extinguishers
1301 fire extinguishers and the use of the same range of 1211 fire extinguishers. But because the 1301 extinguishing agent sprayed into a mist, in the outdoor windy state when used, its ability to extinguish fire is not as high as the 1211 extinguisher, so it should be more in the direction of the upwind spray.
Dry powder fire extinguishers to adapt to the fire and the use of
Sodium bicarbonate dry powder fire extinguishers for flammable, combustible liquids, gases, and electrical equipment for the initial fire; ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguishers in addition to the above categories of fires, but also to fight the initial fire of the solid material. But can not put out the metal burning fire.
Fire extinguishing, hand-held or shoulder fire extinguishers quickly run to the fire, about 5 meters from the burning place, put down the fire extinguisher. If outdoors, should choose to spray in the upwind direction. The use of dry powder fire extinguishers if the external storage pressure type, the operator should hold the gun with one hand, the other hand to lift the gas cylinder on the open ring. If the opening of the gas cylinder is a handwheel type, turn it in the counterclockwise direction and rotate it to the highest position, then lift the fire extinguisher. When the dry powder is sprayed out, quickly sweep it against the root of the flame. If the dry powder fire extinguisher is built-in gas cylinder or pressure storage type, the operator should first pull down the safety pin on the opening handle, then hold the nozzle part of the front end of the spray hose, and press down the opening handle with the other hand to open the fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire. The fire extinguisher with spray hose or storage pressure type fire extinguishers in use, one hand should always press down the pressure handle, can not be released, otherwise it will interrupt the spray.
Dry powder fire extinguishers to put out combustible, flammable liquid fire, should be aimed at the flame to the Department of sweeping, if the liquid fire was put out of the liquid fire is flowing combustion, should be aimed at the root of the flame from near to far, and around the sweeping, until all the flames are extinguished. If the combustible liquid is burning inside the container, the user should aim at the root of the flame and sway the sweeping, so that the sprayed dry powder stream covers the whole surface of the container opening; when the flame is driven out of the container, the user should continue to spray until the flame is completely extinguished. When fighting the fire of combustible liquid in the container, it should be noted that the nozzle should not be directly aimed at the liquid surface to prevent the impact of the jet stream from making the combustible liquid splash out and expanding the fire, resulting in difficulties in extinguishing the fire. If when the combustible liquid in the metal container burning time is too long, the wall temperature of the container has been higher than the spontaneous combustion point of combustible liquids, it is very easy to cause the phenomenon of re-ignition after extinguishing the fire, if used in conjunction with the foam extinguishers, it is better to extinguish the fire.
The use of ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguishers to fight solid combustible fires, should be aimed at the most intense burning spray, and up and down, left and right sweeping. If conditions permit, the user can carry the fire extinguisher along the burning material around the side of the spray, so that the dry powder fire extinguishing agent evenly sprayed on the surface of the burning material, until all the flames are extinguished.
The use of cart type dry powder fire extinguishers:
The use of cart type dry powder fire extinguishers is the same as the use of portable dry powder fire extinguishers.
Firefighting knowledge and self-help
Fire and water have no mercy, and the painful lessons have made us learn from the past. Fire safety work has caused the whole society attaches great importance to, people's awareness of fire safety is also increasing. Our students should also enhance the fire safety awareness, know the fire self-help measures. Fire as a friend of mankind, once the face will cause tragedy, let us learn to save themselves in the fire, may be able to get a second life.
What firefighting knowledge should we have in our daily life?
1, do not play with fire, do not fiddle with electrical equipment.
2, remind parents not to throw cigarette butts, matchsticks and other embers in the waste paper basket or combustible debris, do not lie in bed or on the sofa smoking.
3. Parents are reminded that on windy days with a wind speed of five or more, or in weather with a high fire risk level, the use of firewood, wood, charcoal, coal and other fuels is prohibited, and outdoor smoking and open-flame operations are prohibited.
4, home or before going to sleep, must be powered off electric appliances, turn off the gas switch, eliminate the leftover fire. When the electric equipment is not used for a long time, should cut off the switch or unplugged.
5, liquefied petroleum gas cylinders and stoves to maintain a safe distance of more than 1 meter between the use of gas valves and then ignition; use is complete, the first off the gas valve and then off the stove switch. Don't dump liquefied petroleum gas residual liquid at will. Gas leakage, to quickly close the gas valve, open the windows and doors to ventilate, do not touch the electrical switch and use open flames, do not make phone calls, cell phones in the gas leakage place.
6, do not start a fire in the stairwell, public **** aisle or storage of goods, do not start a fire in the shed, storage of flammable and explosive substances and maintenance of motor vehicles, do not smoke in the prohibited places, start a fire.
7, after the discovery of the fire quickly dial the fire alarm 119, tell the detailed address, fire parts, fire substances, fire size, leave your name and phone number, and send someone to the intersection to meet the fire truck.
8, once the fire at home, must remain calm. For the initial fire, should quickly clean up combustible materials near the fire point, and quickly use bedding, water and other simple fire-fighting equipment to control and extinguish. Do not open doors and windows hastily to avoid air convection, accelerating the spread of fire.
9, to master the basic methods of fire escape, clear residential surroundings, familiar with the escape route. When the fire came to escape quickly, not greedy for property, so as not to lose the time to escape. Escape on the way, do not carry heavy objects, escape from the fire, do not risk returning to the fire.
10, fire escape, stay calm, correctly estimate the fire. If the fire is not big, should make a decision on the spot, draped in soaked clothing, bedding, etc. to the direction of the safe exit to escape. Do not take the elevator when escaping. When escaping, you should close the door behind you to prevent smoke from trailing into the room.
11, downstairs fire, upstairs residents should not open the door to watch or rush downstairs to escape, to close the door, can be soaked sheets, curtains, etc. to block the door or tape. If the door is hot, to splash water to cool down.
12, if the escape route are blocked by the fire, you can move to the balcony or to the window to set up ladder trucks, and use a flashlight, waving clothes, call and other ways to send a distress signal, waiting for rescue.
Fire is relentless, and the first thing to do when a fire starts is to get out of harm's way. In the detachment, often have to go through the fire zone, then if the fire is still not too fierce, you can wear soaked clothes that are not easy to burn or wrapped in wet thick blankets. Ground fire can wear rubber shoes, through the fire zone should be rapid and decisive, do not inhale, so as not to be choked by smoke. Before escaping, to explore the direction of the fire, to determine the direction of the wind, before the fire spreads, towards the direction of the wind to quickly leave the fire area.
When a fire breaks out in a room, there is bound to be a lot of smoke, which contains a lot of carbon monoxide, and if you stay in this environment for too long, you will be poisoned. Smoke can gather with the hot air in the upper part of the room, and the lower part of the room, can see the items and direction, when people should crouch or get down. If time and conditions permit, a wet towel can be used to cover the mouth and nose and crawl to the door. After opening the door, walk down the stairs, do not take the elevator, because the elevator may be at any time because of the fire blackout can not lift or be burned.
For our students on campus, when encountering a fire, how to escape to save themselves?
1 early escape. In general, the fire from the beginning to wildly burn, only ten minutes, leaving people with a very short escape time. Therefore, in the event of a fire, be sure not to bury your head to save family property and lead to tragedy, but to quickly escape.
2, to protect the respiratory system. In the escape with water dipped in wet towels, clothing, cloth and other items, use it to cover the mouth and nose, in order to avoid the smoke leads to unconsciousness or poisoning and the risk of asphyxiation by hot air burns the soft tissues of the respiratory system. If the smoke is thick, knees, elbows on the ground, creeping forward.
3, to evacuate from the channel. Such as evacuation stairs, fire elevators, outdoor evacuation stairs. You can also consider the use of windows, balconies, roofs, lightning lines, downpipes and other escape.
4, to use the rope to slide. With a strong rope or curtains, bed sheets, bedding, etc., torn into strips, twisted into a rope, moistened with water will be chained to a solid pipe, window frames, bed frame, trapped people one by one along the rope to slide to the next floor or the ground.
5, low-level jump away, applicable to the second floor. Before jumping to the ground to throw some quilts, pillows, mattresses, coats and other soft items, in order to "soft landing", and then use your hands to hold the window, the body sagging, natural decline to shorten the height of the jump. But we must remember not to jump from a high building, because from a height of more than 10 meters (three-story high) jump down, rarely live. For this reason, the most important thing is to call for help, you should immediately wet sheets and bedding with water, use them to plug the windows and doors to prevent smoke penetration, while constantly splashing water on the sheets and bedding to prevent them from drying out.
6, with the help of equipment. Usually use a slow descender, life bags, nets, air cushions, ladders, sliding poles, slide, guide ropes, life-saving gangway and so on.
7, for temporary refuge. In the case of no way to escape, you can use the bathroom and other temporary refuge. Shelter with water spraying fire doors and windows, all combustibles in the room wet, extend the time. In the temporary refuge period, to take the initiative to contact the outside world, in order to be rescued as soon as possible.
8, the use of signs to guide out of danger. In the public **** place on the wall, ceiling, door, turn are set "peace door", "emergency exit", "safe passage", "fire alarm phone" and "escape". Fire alarm" and escape direction of the brief head and other signs, trapped people according to the sign indicating the direction of the order to escape, can solve the "urgent need".
9, to promote self-interest. Encountered disregard for the behavior of others and crowded phenomenon, to be resolutely stopped. Only orderly and rapid evacuation to minimize casualties.
Several common fire fighting methods:
1, furniture, bedding and other fires: general water fire. With water around the items such as washbasin to the flame splash water, can also be connected to the hose on the faucet spray water to extinguish the fire; at the same time to the burning point near the combustible material splash wet cooling. But oil, electrical fire can not use water to extinguish the fire.
2, electrical fire: household appliances or lines on fire, to cut off the power supply, and then use dry powder or gas extinguishers to extinguish the fire, can not directly splash the fire to prevent electric shock or electrical explosion injuries.
3, TV fire: TV in case of fire, never water, you can cut off the power supply, with a quilt to cover it out. Extinguish the fire, only from the side near the TV, in order to prevent the explosion of the tube hurt. If the use of fire extinguishers to extinguish the fire, should not be shot directly to the TV screen, so as to avoid its heat and then suddenly cold and explosion.
4, frying pan fire: frying pan fire should quickly turn off the stove gas valve, directly cover the pot or cover with a wet rag, but also to the pot put people cut vegetables to cool the fire, the pot will be smooth end away from the stove fire, after cooling to open the lid, do not pour water into the frying pan to extinguish the fire.
5, gas cans on fire: to cover the fire with soaked bedding, clothing, etc., and quickly close the valve.
6, the body on fire, do not run, you can roll on the ground or with heavy clothing pressure to extinguish the fire. Escape through the smoke, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel, handkerchief, etc., and try to keep your body close to the ground, bend over or crawl forward.