This paper analyzes the main sources of pollution and pollutants in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, puts forward the measures and suggestions that need to be taken in order to meet the requirements of water quality for water transmission, and at the same time discusses the remaining and potential problems.
With the successive completion of the main water transfer canal and various hydraulic structures, the first phase of the South-to-North Water Transfer East Project, one of the large-scale water transfer projects in the limelight, will be opened to water in 2007. The implementation of the eastern water transfer project will benefit most of the areas of Jiangsu and Shandong provinces, for the realization of the optimal allocation of water resources and sustainable socio-economic development of the Huanghuaihai region in the 21st century will play an important role in supporting and safeguarding, but also a fundamental solution to the bottlenecks in water resources that constrain the economic development of the two provinces. The quality of water transfer directly affects the value of water resources and the economic and social development of the areas along the route, determines the actual benefits of the water transfer project, but also will have an important impact on the water environment along the water transfer route. Jiangsu and Shandong is China's economy is relatively more developed provinces, more polluting enterprises along the line, corporate sewage on the water supply channel to bring the possibility of pollution is greater. This requires a series of urgent problems in front of the solution as soon as possible, in order to maintain the reliability of water supply and water quality stability, especially the control of surface water pollutants to the transmission of water quality pollution problems.
One, the basic situation of the South-North Water Diversion East Project
South-North Water Diversion East Project is based on the expansion of Jiangsu Province, and northward extension of the northward diversion of river water project, from Yangzhou in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River near the pumping of Yangtze River water, the use of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and its parallel river as a water transmission trunk and sub-trunk water lifting water northward by grade, and connected as a role in the storage of the Hongze Lake, the Lake Luo Ma, Hongze Lake, Luo Ma Lake, Nansi Lake and Dongping Lake, and flows to Tianjin after crossing the Yellow River through a tunnel near Wishan in Shandong. At the same time, the East Line also transfers water from Dongping Lake to Jiaodong. The east line project according to the northern water shortage situation and the national economic affordability of phased implementation, gradually expanding the benefits of the project, planning in 2007, 2010, 2030, respectively, to complete the pumping of 500m3 / s, 600m3 / s, 800m3 / s of the three phases of the scale of water transfer.
Two, surface water quality standards and pollution
1. Surface water quality standards
Surface water quality standards can be based on the characteristics of its relevant indicators are divided into Ⅰ - Class V. The surface water quality standards can be divided into Ⅰ - Class V.
2. Surface water pollution
"Water pollution", that is, the water body due to the intervention of a certain substance, resulting in its chemical, physical, biological or radiological characteristics of the change, thereby affecting the effective use of water, endangering human health or damage to the ecological environment, resulting in deterioration of water quality phenomenon. Human production and social activities will make a large number of industrial, agricultural and domestic waste discharged into the water, so that water pollution. At present, the world's annual sewage discharged into the rivers, lakes and seas of more than 420 billion m3, polluting 5.5 trillion m3 of fresh water, which is equivalent to more than 14% of the total global runoff.
China's water pollution phenomenon is equally alarming, the Yangtze River Basin, for example, in the waste, sewage discharge, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage accounted for 75% and 25%, respectively, the basin involves 18 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Jiangxi, six provinces, municipalities, waste, sewage discharge accounted for the total amount of the basin of 84.6%, the waste of sewage is the main producer of sewage. The main pollutants are suspended solids and organic matter. The main pollutants are suspended solids, organic matter, petroleum, volatile phenols, cyanide, sulfide, mercury, cadmium, chromium, lead, arsenic and so on. As a result of serious pollution, many pollution zones have been formed along the banks of the Yangtze River. Among the 21 cities in the main stream, the cumulative length of the pollution zones in the six cities of Chongqing, Yueyang, Wuhan, Nanjing, Zhenjiang, and Shanghai accounted for 73% of the total length of the pollution zones in the main stream of the Yangtze River.
Three, the water quality of the South-North Water Diversion East Line and the current situation of sewage disposal
1. Water quality status
In accordance with the national environmental quality standards for surface water of the 31 indicators, the East Line south of the Yellow River section of the impact of the transfer of water in the region of the water quality of the single-factor evaluation,*** have dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N), five days of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), high manganese, nitrogen, nitrogen, nitrogen, nitrogen, nitrogen, nitrogen, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen oxide and nitrogen oxide. (BOD5), permanganate index (CODMn), volatile phenols and petroleum seven indicators exist in excess of the Ⅲ standard section.
Wei Canal, Henan section of dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, petroleum, ammonia nitrogen, four indicators over the V standard. Into the Hongze Lake tributary permanganate index exceeds V, the mouth of the foam river ammonia nitrogen exceeds V. Among the 47 control sections in the planning area of the water transmission trunk line, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen exceeded the standard in 36 control sections, such as XinTongYang Canal, BeiChengZi River, and Huaiyin Section of the Grand Canal, and the permanganate index exceeded the standard in 26 sections, such as BunJian River, Guangfu River, etc. The permanganate index exceeded the standard in 26 sections, such as BunJian River and Guangfu River. Twenty-three units, including Bujian River and Guangfu River, exceeded both the permanganate index and ammonia nitrogen standards. 25 units of Hanzhuang Canal, Liangji Canal, Tianjin Section of the Southern Canal, Hebei Section of the Southern Canal and Shandong Section of the Wei Canal exceeded the standard for petroleum. 24 units of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) exceeded the standard, including Pizhou section of Grand Canal. 17 units of volatile phenols exceeded the standard in Huaiyin section of the Grand Canal. Dissolved oxygen exceeded the standard in 14 units of Guangfu River. Nine units exceeded the standard for nitrite, including the Bujian River. Overall, south of Lake Luoma, mainly ammonia nitrogen exceeded the standard; north of Lake Luoma to Dongping Lake water quality of a number of exceeded the standard for more than Ⅳ; Haihe River Basin, all of the more than Ⅴ.
2. Discharge status
South-North Water Diversion East Project south of the Yellow River is the focus of pollution control, involving Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan Province, the region through which the flow. Three provinces discharged wastewater, COD, ammonia nitrogen accounted for 83.91%, 81.15%, 78.61% of the total amount of sewage discharged. Especially in the Shandong section of the heavy, the three indicators accounted for 44.94%, 40.37%, 46.52% of the total emissions.
The water quality pollution encountered in this section mainly includes industrial pollution along the route, urban living pollution, agricultural fertilizers, fisheries over-baiting and ship pollution.
Four, water quality objectives
According to the water quality requirements for water transmission determined by the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the water quality of the trunk aqueducts is required to achieve a stable Ⅲ water quality. At present, Jiangsu Province has achieved Ⅲ water quality objectives, South Lake, Dongping Lake water quality basically reached Ⅲ standards. By 2007, Shandong and Jiangsu provinces are required to meet the planning objectives of water quality sections. After the construction of the project, Jiangsu Province, 13 control sections, can ensure that the Fudian River Linjiaba and other 4 sections to achieve the transmission of sewage into the trunk canal zero, the other 9 control sections to control the amount of sewage in 17,000 tons, less than the South-to-North Water Diversion of Jiangsu Province's water environment capacity; Shandong Province, 26 control sections, to ensure that the West Branch of the River Yutai, the city of the river in Tengzhou and other 13 sections to achieve the transmission of sewage into the trunk canal zero, the other 13 control sections into the lake, and the other 13 control sections to realize the transmission of sewage into the trunk canal. The total amount of sewage discharged into the lake from the other 13 control sections will be controlled at 30,000 tons, which is smaller than the water environment capacity of 47,000 tons in Nansihu and Dongping lakes.
Fifth, the goal of ensuring measures
1. Increase the governance of capital investment
Reliable capital investment is the basis of the goal to ensure. South-to-North Water Diversion East Pollution Control Project before 2010, the total investment of 23.84 billion yuan, water transmission trunk line planning area, Shandong Tianjin water planning area, Henan and Anhui planning area, respectively, need to invest 16.64 billion yuan, 3.56 billion yuan, 3.64 billion yuan. Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Anhui, Hebei, Tianjin, six provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government planning investment of 8.69 billion yuan, 4.90 billion yuan, 1.98 billion yuan, 1.66 billion yuan, 3.53 billion yuan, 3.08 billion yuan (excluding Henan and Anhui provinces, industrial pollution control project investment). In recent years, Shandong Province has invested a total of 1.46 billion yuan, 37 rivers along the water transfer route to carry out comprehensive treatment, the South-to-North Water Diversion East Project along the Shandong section of the water quality has improved.
2. Developing pollution prevention and control systems
Developing strict sewage discharge standards is a technical measure for goal assurance. Shandong Province will implement the most stringent control of the total amount of pollutants in the transfer of water along the 10 cities in the first implementation of prohibited, restricted development of industrial list system, strictly prohibit new grass pulp, starch, brewing, chemical, printing and dyeing and other seriously polluting projects, shut down the transfer of water along the catchment area can not be stabilized to meet the standards of discharge of 10,000 tons and the following alcohol production line, 20,000 tons and the following starch production line and waste paper production line; Shandong Provincial Government also signed a contract with the 10 municipal governments along the route to control the pollution of the water. Shandong Provincial Government has also signed a pollution control target responsibility statement with 10 municipal governments along the water transfer route. At the same time, Jiangsu Province included in the "South-to-North Water Diversion Pollution Control Plan" of the five industrial restructuring projects and four integration of governance projects have been completed, the paper industry in Xuzhou and other places to carry out a comprehensive reorganization, shut down the production scale of production in the production of less than 20,000 tons of 14 paper production lines.
3. Accelerate the construction of sewage treatment plants
Speeding up the construction of sewage treatment plants, so that sewage discharge to meet the standards, to solve the root causes of pollution, to achieve the goal of cleaner production, so as to achieve the environment, the economy, the social benefits of the "three unity". At present, more than 60% of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project has been more than the construction of sewage treatment plants, part of the project has been completed.
Sixth, the existing problems
1. sewage treatment plant construction lagging behind
At present, water pollution prevention and protection of water resources and the realization of the overall objectives of the project of the north-south water transfer project is still in the big difference. The east line project proposed to open to water in 2007, but the east line of pollution control and a considerable number of sewage treatment plants have not started construction, has started construction of sewage treatment plants can not run at full capacity. For the treatment of surface pollution and the interception of sewage diversion project is still relatively lagging behind, these efforts are serious constraints on the progress of water pollution control and water resources protection.
2. High cost of sewage treatment
From a general point of view, the current cost of sewage treatment business water treatment is generally high, so much so that many companies can not afford. Fengxian Xinghuo farm of new Lun Paper Co., Ltd. as an example, up to standard treatment of each ton of wastewater running costs of roughly 4-5 yuan, while the plant produces at least 10,000t of wastewater per day, the annual enterprise needs to invest in the treatment of sewage costs for at least 16.425 million yuan, greatly increasing the economic burden on the enterprise. So that some enterprises in order to profit-driven, at the expense of high-priced water treatment equipment into the environmental protection department to cope with the inspection of the furnishings and props. How to reduce the cost of sewage treatment, so that water treatment and environmental protection to achieve true harmony and unity is an important issue in front of us
VII, pollution prevention and control recommendations
1. Adjustment of the industrial structure, to achieve cleaner production
Further adjustments to the industrial structure, and resolutely shut down the poor efficiency, small-scale, seriously polluting small enterprises. At the same time, the pollutants exceeded the enterprise technical assistance, additional water treatment facilities or discharged into the urban sewage network for centralized treatment to reduce the cost of water treatment, the real realization of cleaner production and end-of-pipe treatment, to achieve the purpose of non-polluting emissions.
2. Increase capital investment, national policy support
Effectively do a good job of water treatment project funds in place to achieve earmarked to accelerate the construction of water treatment facilities. For the national requirements must be on the enterprise project, increase the government's efforts to help, and gradually realize the goal of cleaner production.
3. Increase monitoring efforts to prevent pollution back
For sewage enterprises end of the outlet of the water quality from time to time to monitor, in order to prevent individual enterprises because of the interests of the phenomenon driven by the risk of exceeding the sewage discharge, and at the same time increase the penalties for violations of the sewage. Ensure that the South-to-North Water Diversion this clear water corridor is not threatened by pollution, and effectively do to safeguard the interests of the general public's life and production, so that China's economic construction to maintain a good momentum of sustainable development.
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