Technical supervision and inspection of ships by ship inspection agencies. Its purpose is to make the ship have the technical conditions for safe navigation. Ship inspection is generally divided into: ship manufacturing inspection, initial inspection, special inspection, regular inspection, annual inspection, temporary inspection, ship classification inspection, ship product inspection and other notarization inspection. The scope and contents of various inspections are specified in the relevant laws, regulations and provisions of the ship inspection agency.
Manufacturing inspection
In order to make the ship meet the requirements of the ship code and relevant laws and regulations in all aspects, the ship inspection agency has done a series of work for the newly built ship, starting from reviewing the design drawings and technical documents, conducting inspection, testing and trial voyage during the ship construction process, and finally issuing various ship certificates. For classified ships, manufacturing inspection is also called construction classification inspection.
Initial inspection
Generally speaking, it refers to the inspection of foreign ships that have not been supervised by China's ship inspection agencies for the purpose of renewing China's ship certificates. Its purpose is to check whether the technical condition of the ship meets the requirements of safe navigation. The ship classification inspection is also called the first classification inspection. When applying for the initial inspection, the original ship certificate, certification documents and relevant technical data of the ship shall be submitted to the ship inspection agency for review. For ships that need to be classified, the ship inspection agency will handle the items, contents and requirements of the initial inspection according to the specific conditions of the ship and the provisions of the Classification Rules for Seagoing Ships. According to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (1974) and the International Convention on Load Lines (1966), the inspection before the ship is put into operation is also called the initial inspection. After the above inspection is qualified, the corresponding ship certificate will be issued.
periodical survey
Ship inspection agencies regularly inspect the navigation safety items of operating ships. The purpose is to check the technical condition of the ship and the degree of wear and tear of the main components, so as to determine whether to maintain the technical condition necessary for safe navigation. According to the provisions of 1974 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea and 1966 International Convention on Load Lines of Ships, besides the initial inspection, the inspections with fixed intervals are called periodic inspections. At present, the ships sailing in China are inspected once every four years by motorboats and once every six years by non-motorboats, which is also called periodic inspection. After the above inspection is qualified, the corresponding ship certificate will be issued.
Ship classification inspection
For ships that need to be classified, the ship inspection agency shall conduct inspection in accordance with the provisions of the Rules for Classification of Seagoing Ships. Its purpose is to check whether the ship meets the classification conditions. Ship classification inspection is divided into construction classification inspection and initial classification inspection. The contents of the inspection are detailed in the Rules for Classification of Seagoing Ships.
Maintenance classification inspection
For ships that have been classified, in order to maintain their classification, the ship inspection agency conducts various inspections in accordance with the Rules for the Classification of Seagoing Ships. Including annual inspection, wharf inspection, boiler inspection, propeller shaft and tail shaft inspection, special inspection and periodic inspection. Detailed requirements for various inspections are stipulated in the Rules for Classification of Seagoing Ships.
Annual survey
The ship inspection agency conducts annual inspection of operating ships between the classification inspection and special inspection or between two special inspections. Its purpose is to find out whether the technical condition of the ship meets the conditions for continuing safe navigation. The annual inspection of classified ships shall be conducted once every three months before and after the completion of the classification inspection or special inspection. The Rules for Classification of Seagoing Ships stipulates the items, contents and requirements of annual inspection. The Rules for the Inspection of Operating Ships stipulates the time limit, items, contents and requirements of the annual inspection of domestic sailing ships. In the Code for Cargo Handling Equipment of Ships, the jib and the fixed parts connected with the jib, mast and deck, the crane, winch and its auxiliary equipment, and the movable parts of cargo handling equipment are inspected once a year, which is also called annual inspection. After passing the above annual inspection, the ship inspection agency will issue a visa or issue a new certificate on the corresponding certificate.
cyclic test
Another form of special inspection of classified ships by ship inspection agencies. In other words, the special inspection items are concentrated once, and the inspections planned between the two special inspections are distributed according to a certain proportion. The periodic inspection period cannot be extended, but the individual inspection items of each period can be extended appropriately. The advantage of periodic inspection is to reduce or avoid unproductive berthing caused by centralized special inspection and improve the ship turnover rate. All major ship inspection agencies in the world carry out periodic inspections.
special survey
A kind of inspection in which a ship inspection agency conducts a comprehensive inspection of the technical condition of a ship of a certain grade after the certificate expires. The purpose is to determine whether the technical condition of the ship can continue to maintain the requirements of this level. The interval between special inspections is generally four years, which can be extended by one year under special circumstances; For ships whose technical conditions basically meet the requirements of this class, but there are some allowable deficiencies, they can be shortened appropriately according to the specific circumstances. The ship classification rules promulgated by ship inspection agencies in various countries stipulate the items, contents and requirements of special inspection. Special inspection can be replaced by cyclic inspection. After passing the special inspection, a new grade certificate will be issued.
Temporary inspection
Inspection of ships whose technical conditions or uses have changed by ship inspection agencies. When a ship suffers from average or machine damage, changes its navigation area and use, changes its name, port of registry or owner, requests for a new certificate or other reasons that affect the navigation safety of the ship, it shall apply for temporary inspection. After the temporary inspection, the ship inspection agency shall issue the corresponding certificate.