1. The broad concept of sports (also known as physical education). It refers to a conscious and organized social activity that takes physical exercise as the basic means to strengthen people's physical fitness, promote comprehensive development, enrich social and cultural life and promote spiritual civilization. It is a part of the total culture of the society, and its development is subject to the political and economic constraints of a certain society and serves the politics and economy of a certain society.
2. The narrow concept of physical education (also known as physical education). It is an educational process that develops the body, enhances physical fitness, teaches knowledge and skills of exercising the body, and develops moral and will qualities; it is a process of nurturing and molding the human body; it is an important part of education; and it is an important aspect of cultivating all-rounded development of human beings.
3. Athletics is also known as "competitive sports". In order to overcome the opponent, to achieve excellent sports results, maximize the individual, collective in physical, physical, psychological and athletic potential of the scientific and systematic training and competition. Contains two forms of sports training and sports competition. Characteristics are:
1) fully mobilize and play the athletes' physical, intellectual, psychological and other potential;
2) intense confrontation and competition;
3) participants have abundant physical strength and superior skills;
4) in accordance with the unified rules of the competition, with international, recognized results;
5) entertainment. The competitive sports programs practiced in the world today are the product of social history. As far away as in the ancient Greek era of more than 700 BC, the race, throwing, jousting and other projects, the development so far there are hundreds of kinds of. Commonly practiced sports include track and field, gymnastics, basketball, volleyball, soccer, table tennis, badminton, weightlifting, swimming, cycling and so on. Countries and regions also have their own special national traditional programs, such as Chinese martial arts, Southeast Asia's rattan ball, kabaddi and so on. Its development is closely related to national and regional politics, economy, culture and education, science and technology.
4. Recreational sports refers to a kind of sports activities for the purpose of entertaining the body and mind in the spare time or specific time. Amateurism, pastime, recreation and other characteristics. The contents generally include ball games, active games, tourism, chess and traditional national sports activities. According to the organization of activities can be divided into individual, family and collective; according to the conditions of activities can be divided into indoor, outdoor; according to the competitive can be divided into competitive and non-competitive; according to the mode of operation can be divided into commercial and non-commercial; according to the way of participating in the activities can be divided into ornamental activities and sports activities. The development of recreational sports activities is beneficial to physical and mental health, cultivate sentiment and cultivate noble character.
5. Popular sports, also known as "social sports", "mass sports". In order to entertain the body and mind, enhance physical fitness, prevention and treatment of disease and training of sports reserves, in the community to carry out a wide range of sports activities in general. Including staff sports, farmers' sports, community sports, elderly sports, women's sports, sports for the disabled and so on. The main forms are exercise groups, sports teams, counseling stations, sports homes, sports activity centers, sports clubs, chess clubs, and individual free physical exercise. The development of mass sports activities should be guided by the principles of adaptability to the circumstances of each person, place and time, and of amateurism, voluntarism, smallness, variety and civilization. The extensive development of mass sports activities is an important way to give full play to the social function of sports, improve the quality of the nation and fulfill the task of sports.
6. Medical sports refers to the use of sports means of treatment of certain diseases and trauma, restore and improve the function of the body of a medical method. Compared with other therapeutic methods, its characteristics are:
1) it is a kind of active therapy, requiring the thinker to take the initiative to participate in the therapeutic process, and to treat the disease through exercise;
2) it is a kind of systemic therapy, which improves the whole-body function through the mechanism of nerves and nerve reflexes to achieve the purpose of strengthening the physical fitness and increasing the resistance;
3) it is a kind of naturopathy, which makes use of the human's intrinsic Natural function (exercise) as a means of treatment, generally not subject to time, place, equipment conditions. Usually use medical gymnastics, jogging, walking, bicycling, qigong, tai chi and special exercise equipment (such as tensioner, automatic running platform, etc.), as well as sunbathing, air baths, water baths, etc. as a means of treatment. It is appropriate to vary from person to person, perseverance, step by step, and with medication or surgical treatment and psychological guidance. Two dry years ago has been used "guide", "health" as a means of disease prevention and treatment, and then continue to develop and improve, becoming an important part of Chinese sports medicine.
7. The essence of sport. It refers to the fundamental characteristics inherent in sports, a physical education and social and cultural activities of human society.
8. The essential characteristic of sport. It is the use of physical exercises as a means to develop the body, enhance physical fitness, promote the all-round development of human beings and serve the development of society. It is subject to and serves certain political and economic constraints in the process of social development. Sport has both natural and social attributes. Natural attributes such as the methods and means of sport; social attributes such as the ideas and systems of sport.
In my opinion, university sports can be summarized into five major functions:
Firstly, the physical education function of school sports
To exercise the students' body comprehensively, to promote the physiological functions of the body form and structure and psychological development, to improve the quality of physical fitness and the human body's ability to perform basic activities, and to improve the adaptability to the natural environment; to make the students take charge of the basic knowledge, technology and skills of sports. Learn the scientific method of physical exercise, develop the habit of regular physical exercise, improve the ability of self-exercise, so that they can benefit for life.
Second, the moral education function of school sports
such as: the other side of the infringement of fouls, is not to be taken into account, or "a tooth for a tooth," the collective cooperation is not enough tacit understanding of the mistakes and ultimately lost the game, is to encourage each other, or to each other complaining; to the referee's miscarriage of justice is to be generous and tolerant, or "catty". "Catty"; when the game is won, is arrogant, or seriously sum up the experience, to avoid arrogance and impatience. This is all an educational process to develop a sense of collectivism and the big picture, good at interpersonal relations and good character.
Third, the patriotic education function of school sports
In physical education by allowing students to appreciate the large-scale sports competitions, watch our athletes for the country, for the country's glory, in the field of rising the national flag, playing the national anthem of the moving scene, about the outstanding athletes hard training and hard work of the touching, can inspire their patriotic fervor, and enhance their national self-esteem and pride, is very good for the students. pride, the students are very good patriotic education.
Fourth, the psychological quality of school sports education
Sports make people enter a kind of extraordinary realm, cultivate human sentiments, cultivate people's bravery, determination, perseverance, self-confidence, self-control, aggressiveness and perseverance of the will quality. Tense and intense competition on the psychological quality of people even if the severe test, but also to cultivate and cultivate good psychological quality of the time. Therefore, it is important to cultivate students' psychological quality in physical education.
Fifth, the intelligent education function of school sports
Through physical education and physical exercise, students can learn and master a certain amount of sports knowledge, skills and techniques, and make thinking, memory, observation, imagination and other abilities that constitute the intellectual development. Therefore, as an educational sport, in the process of imparting knowledge, developing skills and techniques, and enhancing one's physical fitness, it also contains educational factors that cultivate, develop and improve intelligence.
Scientific physical exercise needs to pay attention to the following issues, in order to avoid not only the body to get exercise but also make it hurt.
One, grasp the degree of load. In the strength exercise, should be based on their own actual situation to choose the right load, but no matter what kind of load, should follow the principle of small to large, do not suddenly increase the exercise load caused by sports injuries.
Second, pay attention to the speed of movement. As long as the power muscle strength exercises, there is the problem of movement speed, load and speed have a close relationship between the load, the larger the load, the smaller the speed. Exercisers should be reasonably arranged according to the requirements of the exercise, for teenagers, explosive force is very important, in the power exercise, choose the appropriate load, try to speed up the movement speed, to improve the explosive force of the muscle is very useful.
Three, control the number of exercises. For the general sports practitioners, there is no need for daily strength training, even if it is specifically for the development of muscle strength, the use of every other day strength exercises, but also enough to achieve the desired results. If every day strength exercises, not only to improve the effect of muscle strength is not obvious, but also cause the overall function of the uncoordinated development.
Besides, physical exercise should also follow some basic principles . Although the physical exercise method is simple and easy to learn, but in order to scientifically arrange the physical exercise, improve the effect of exercise, to avoid injuries and accidents, it is necessary to pay attention to these present principles.
(I) the principle of order and gradual progress: the order and gradual progress of physical exercise refers to the learning of physical skills and the arrangement of the amount of exercise, from small to large, from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, gradually.
(2) The principle of comprehensive development: in physical exercise, attention should be paid to the diversity of the content of the activities and the overall improvement of physical function.
(3) the principle of differentiated treatment: physical exercise, but also according to the age of each exerciser, gender, hobbies, physical conditions, occupational characteristics, exercise foundation and other different situations to do differentiated treatment, so that physical exercise more targeted.
(4) the principle of regularity: often participate in sports activities, the effect of exercise is obvious, long-lasting, so physical exercise should be regular, not three days to fish, two days to the net. Although a short period of exercise can also have a certain impact on the body's functions, but once you stop physical exercise, this good influence effect will quickly disappear.
(E) the principle of safety: to engage in any form of physical exercise should pay attention to safety, if the physical exercise arrangement is unreasonable, contrary to the laws of science, there may be injury accidents.
In and out of the gym people pay attention to the "gist"
Now, fitness has become a fashion, many people choose the gym, but not all the way to fitness has a hundred benefits and no harm, the fitness experts pointed out some of the "fitness gist! Therefore, it's best to take 5 minutes to get your body fully moving and feeling slightly sweaty. This step is a good start to a fitness workout.
Do the necessary stretches: There are always things in life that are very easy to do, but stretching after a fitness exercise is not so simple. When a muscle is worked, it becomes tight and shortened, and stretching is what helps you relax the muscle, thus preventing muscle soreness the next day. The best time to do this is after you've finished your warm-up, and you should continue to pace yourself for 20 to 30 seconds per movement, which will help loosen the muscles and give the gym-goer a more meaningful stretch.
Don't do overloaded lifting: you need to start slowly in the gym and increase the amount of exercise in a gradual manner. Since one may not imagine the pain that will be felt within 24 - 48 hours after the exercise, one needs to be a little cautious at the beginning. In addition, if you blindly try to lift more weight than your body can handle, you risk muscle strains, sprains, and even back injuries. So it seems that choosing 3 - 6 pounds of weight will be more suitable, usually repeat the movement 15 to 20 times, if you wish to gain solid muscles faster, you can also choose a slightly heavier weight but as long as the repetitions are 8 to 12 times. Don't rush through your exercises and complete them in moderation to achieve good results.
Don't over-exercise:Since the purpose of fitness is to keep going for the future, it doesn't mean that you have to over-exercise. Because once you feel that exercise brings discomfort to your body, it is often more difficult to keep going. If you think you are not in good shape, you can choose some easier workout moves to complete. People who don't want to go to the gym can choose appropriate aerobics CD-ROMs to learn how to get started and improve the coordination of their movements, which is also a good way to go.
Doing the necessary water supplementation: When you are exercising, your body will lose water rapidly due to sweating, and this liquid must be replenished in time, otherwise, with the passage of time, the body will appear dehydrated, and the person will also feel thirsty. Therefore, do not forget to give the body to replenish water from the beginning to the end of the process of exercise. Generally speaking, the body needs about 8 liters of water a day, and more when you start exercising. In addition, adequate hydration helps to reduce hunger pangs, which can cut down on the desire to eat.
Don't rely on climbers: sometimes people feel physically tired, but the effect of the exercise is not as good as they thought, yet they still want to get some more big gains from the exercise. So you run on the climber until your body can't take it anymore. But this kind of "passive" exercise - relying on the climber to force you to complete the task - is only harmful to your body and does not achieve the purpose of exercise. The climber is just a tool to help the joints move mechanically, not an exercise helper. Therefore, we need to choose for themselves a reasonable exercise intensity and the correct method, rather than what let the body in a passive state of "passive method" which is very important.
Gradual increase in intensity: High-intensity exercise is not suitable at the beginning of a fitness training program, but it is worth noting for those who have been practicing for six months or more. After reaching a certain point you usually enter a stagnant state, and most people may think "I don't see any change in my body" - so they pick up the pace and create a bigger challenge for themselves: to increase the volume of the exercise in order to achieve the effect of making a change in their body. change. However, your urgency is leading you astray. The increase in intensity needs to be gradual, and it's best to gradually increase the duration and level of exercise. You can extend it from 20 minutes to 30 minutes by switching from the 5-pound weight dumbbells you're using to 8-pound ones. You just don't have to do both at once; just take one or the other for time and intensity.
Don't rush the frequency of movements in your workout: some people take risks at the gym by speeding up the frequency of their movements and sticking to the exercises regardless of their body's reaction. Especially with workouts like weight lifting, if done too quickly, the strenuous movements can overload your muscles, making them susceptible to injury. So here's a simple rule: 2 seconds to lift, 4 seconds to put down you should always keep moving up and down rhythmically, and the slower you do it, the better results you'll receive instead.
Don't eat or drink during exercise: any exercise that doesn't last more than 2 hours doesn't require that you have to replenish your energy, so just make sure you eat a meal in the hour before you exercise. Sports drinks are not bad for the body, but they are still not as beneficial as plain water. Also, a diet high in alcohol is futile for exercise.
Cooling down at the end of a workout: Just as the body needs time to warm up before a workout, it needs time to regain its composure and get its heart rate back to normal after a workout. Slow down your movements until your heart rate returns to 120 beats per minute or less. When you feel your heart rate tends to ease, breathing gradually smooth, but also completed the final "cooling" work. Baidu Maps