Equipment management refers to the equipment from the selection and evaluation, use, maintenance and repair, renewal and transformation until the end of the whole process of management
management of the work of the general term, the enterprise's equipment in its service life cycle there are two kinds of movement of the form; a material movement of the form, including
including the purchase of equipment. Acceptance, installation, commissioning, use, maintenance, renovation and renewal of equipment, the material movement of the form of
management of equipment is called the technical management of the equipment, one is the form of value movement, including the initial investment in equipment, maintenance costs,
depreciation, renewal of the funds spent on the renovation. The management of the form of value movement is called the economic management of equipment. Industrial enterprises, equipment
management, should include two forms of comprehensive management.
(ii) the development process of equipment management equipment management is with the development of industrial production, equipment modernization level continues to improve
, and the development of management science and technology gradually developed. In the development process of equipment management, can be roughly divided into three
a large historical period:
The first period of time is the generation of full-time equipment maintenance personnel, that is, after the repair period. This was the period when modern factories were just beginning to emerge
, in which rudimentary machinery and equipment were used, powered by steam engines. In the early stage, due to the simple structure of the equipment, maintenance
repair does not require specialized technology, maintenance is completed by the operator, and the implementation of the bad and then repair repair after the repair.
The second period is the implementation of preventive regular maintenance period. With the development of industrial production, the level of equipment modernization
continuously improve the maintenance and management of equipment, and gradually implement and improve the preventive maintenance system.
The third period is the comprehensive management of equipment. Comprehensive management of equipment, is the implementation of comprehensive management of equipment
an important way. It is on the basis of equipment maintenance, in order to improve the technical, economic and social benefits of equipment management,
In response to a series of new problems brought about by the use of modern equipment, inherited the results of equipment engineering and equipment engineering,
Absorbing the modern management theory (including system theory, cybernetics, information theory), especially the theory of management, decision-making theory, synthesizing the
Modern science and technology, new technology, new technology and new technology, new technology and new technology, new technology and new technology, new technology and new technology.
Modern science and technology of the new achievements (mainly failure physics, reliability engineering, maintenance engineering, etc.), and the gradual development of
a new type of equipment management system.
(C) the main content of the equipment management
The content of the equipment management includes the following:
1. The implementation of the whole process of equipment management. The implementation of the whole process of equipment management, is an effective solution to the use of modern equipment
brought about by a series of new issues of the scientific method, is to ensure and improve the reliability of equipment in general, maintenance, economy, do
to safety, energy saving, environmental protection, as well as to avoid the backlog of equipment and waste of important measures. It is to improve the enterprise and national technology and equipment
level of preparation, to achieve the modernization of technology and equipment is an important guarantee, is an important direction of reform of China's equipment management system.
The implementation of the whole process of equipment management, is to break through the traditional equipment management is limited to the narrow scope of maintenance, in accordance with the systematic theory of
viewpoint
, the whole life of the equipment (the entire life cycle) as a whole integrated management, in order to obtain the best benefit of the equipment life.
This is the present
Modernization of equipment material movement development law of the objective requirements. The implementation of the whole process of equipment management is aimed at overcoming two disconnects:
One is the disconnect between the first half of the equipment management and management of the second half of life; to strengthen the equipment manufacturing (including research and development of equipment) units and the use of
units between the horizontal connection, and information feedback. The second is the disconnect between the links within the second half of life of the equipment; strengthen the equipment
use of units within the various departments
between the coordination, contact, cooperation, a clear division of labor and collaboration relationship, **** with the equipment to manage well.
2. The pursuit of the most economical life cycle costs, the highest comprehensive efficiency. The life cycle cost of equipment, is the total
cost of a lifetime of equipment.
It is an economic indicator corresponding to the whole process of material movement with equipment. Requirements in the equipment business decision-making program demonstration, pursuing
Seeking equipment
Life cycle cost optimization, and can not simply only consider a certain stage (manufacturing, procurement or maintenance) of the economy. In
this basis
on the basis of the equipment, but also require the highest overall efficiency. 3. to carry out the management of equipment. Equipment management work is a commodity economy
Jinji further development of the objective requirements. Equipment management is an important element of enterprise management. All of its activities, without exception
to implement the enterprise's business policy services. Therefore, the requirements
Equipment management in the production of services on the basis of further development for the implementation of enterprise management policy services. Equipment management and enterprise
Enterprise
Business policy relationship is: enterprise management policy stipulates the direction of equipment management, the main content and technical and economic results; and equipment
Management
for the implementation of the enterprise management policy to provide material and technical and economic benefits to ensure.
An important part of the enterprise management work is under the guidance of the national plan, according to the market and user needs to arrange product
variety,
quality and quantity, cost. Market and user needs are evolving: with scientific and technological progress, economic construction and people's
living needs
to, product varieties are constantly increasing, quality requirements are constantly improving. Requirements for the equipment sector in a timely manner to meet the development of production
needs,
advanced and applicable technology and equipment. Therefore, for the enterprise management policy service equipment management, must be able to ensure that technological progress
Dynamic
Equipment management.4. Equipment from the engineering, financial and economic and organizational measures to carry out comprehensive management of the three aspects of the study
. This is the objective need to manage modern equipment. In other words, to manage modern equipment must have and master the three aspects of
knowledge and skills. This is to manage
good modern equipment intelligent conditions and guarantees.
First of all, from the engineering aspect, with the continuous improvement of equipment modernization level, equipment, devices embodying scientific and technical
technical categories
more and more. To manage modern equipment, it is necessary to master a variety of science and technology, the requirements of the various categories of science and technology, from the horizontal
up
combined. This is an important direction of the development of modern science and technology.
Secondly, but also to learn, master and equipment-related financial and economic knowledge, improve the economic effect of equipment management. In the equipment
management of
Every link in the economic problems, therefore, are required to carry out technical and economic demonstration and analysis. Improve the economic effect, including
: the pursuit of life
life cycle costs the most economic; economic analysis of equipment selection; reasonable use of economic standards; preventive inspection and repair of the economic boundaries
limit.
Third, good equipment management, but also master the theoretical knowledge of modern management. Because of modern equipment management, essentially a modern
modern management
theory, methodology, and scientific and technological achievements with the modernization of equipment with the platform. 5. further strengthen the maintenance of equipment. Equipment
Integrated management, breaking the equipment management is limited to the traditional concept of maintenance. But by no means negate the important role of equipment maintenance
. On the contrary, to further improve the maintenance of equipment, equipment maintenance
Repair work, is a large part of the workload of the current equipment management, is the main content of the daily equipment management
. To carry out
comprehensive management of equipment, is to use the integrated management of the point of view to guide, drive equipment maintenance work.
6. The implementation of the full management of equipment. Modern enterprises, a large number of equipment, complex models and specifications, scattered in the enterprise
production, science
research, management, life and other areas, relying solely on professional management organizations and personnel is difficult to manage. Therefore, with the equipment
preparation-related institutions, personnel organized to participate in equipment management, so that equipment management is based on a broad mass base.
The whole process of equipment management, which is the coordination of the horizontal sequence of equipment management, the purpose is to fully mobilize all aspects of the functional departments,
mainly
scientific and technical personnel and management staff of the enthusiasm, correctly deal with the different division of labor due to the formation of the requirements of the interests of the contradiction, relying on the various
classes of professional
scientific and technological knowledge and management knowledge
To ensure that the knowledge enrichment process is carried out, and to systematically solve a series of new problems brought about by the use of modern equipment
. In addition to this
in addition to the vertical levels, that is, all levels of leadership up to the vast number of production workers organized into the ranks of equipment management
. This is the coordination of the vertical sequence of equipment management, the purpose is to fully rely on the management decision-making ability of the leaders at all levels, as well as the rich
operational staff
practical experience, to effectively solve the various types of problems faced by the equipment management. This has formed a horizontal sequence and vertical sequence, professional management
management and group
people management combined with the main body of the equipment management network. This is the same management of modern equipment, the objective need.
(D) the content of equipment management
The main content of equipment management includes the following aspects:
1. Equipment selection and evaluation. According to the principle of technically advanced, economically rational and production needs, the correct selection of
selection of equipment.
At the same time, technical and economic demonstration and evaluation, in order to choose the best program.
2. The use of equipment. For the characteristics of the equipment, correct and reasonable use of equipment, production tasks, can reduce
Equipment loss
lengthen the service life, to prevent equipment and into the body of the accident; to reduce and avoid equipment idling, improve equipment utilization and so on.
3. Equipment inspection, maintenance and repair. It is the center of equipment management, is the largest part of the workload
part. To be reasonable
Reasonable development of equipment inspection, maintenance and repair plans and the use of advanced overhaul technology and the organization and implementation; the organization of maintenance
Spare parts
And the supply of spare parts and accessories for storage and so on.
4. equipment transformation and renewal. According to the scale of production and operation of the enterprise, product variety, quality and development of new products, change
make the old products
need, planned, focused on the existing equipment for renovation and renewal.
5. Daily management of equipment. Mainly includes equipment classification, registration, numbering, sealing, scrapping, accident handling and technical
technical
material management. (1) equipment classification, numbering and registration. Enterprise equipment is generally divided into production equipment and non-production equipment two
big categories. Production equipment refers to equipment used directly for the production of products, that is, from raw materials into the production of products until the factory
, the entire production process
used in a variety of equipment. Non-production equipment is not directly used in the production of equipment. Such as capital construction, scientific research, testing and management
with
the equipment. Production equipment is divided into major production equipment and non-major production equipment. The main production equipment generally refers to the enterprise has been installed
installed more than five complexity factor of the production equipment. The main production equipment is divided into two major items of mechanical equipment and power equipment **** 10 categories,
each category and
divided into 10 sub-categories, each sub-category is divided into 10 groups. Equipment numbering. In the classification of equipment on the basis of numbering, numbering method a
Generally there are two forms: one is the number of fixed assets of the enterprise, the general use of two sections of the number of the numbering method. The first section with three digits
representation of the categories and groups of equipment, of which the first digit shows
show "large class", the second digit indicates "small class", the third digit indicates "group". "; the second section of the number indicates the group of equipment
preparation in the plant of the Shun
serial number. The two sections of the number in the middle with a short line connection. For example, take M612 tool grinder as an example for numbering:
〖HT5 "SS〗〖ZT(〗〖BG((10)〗〖BHDWG2,WK16ZQW〗0 3 6-2
〖BHDWG7,WK18ZQW〗
〖XXZSX*2/3-ZSX*2/3Y6*〗(10)〗〖BHDWG2,WK16ZQW〗0 3 6-2
〖BHDWG7,WK18ZQW〗
〖XXZSX*2/3-ZSX*2/3Y6*〗(BHDWG2,WK16ZQW)
〖XXZSX*2/3-Y6* 〖ZZSX*2/3-Y6*〗(BHDWG7,WK18ZQW〗) 2〗[XXZSX*2/3Y6*2-ZSX2*2/3Y6*2〗
〖BS(ZXX3Y1-ZXX16*2Y1]The machine tool belongs to the equipment category (metal cutting equipment) [BS)][XXZSX3*3-ZSX3*3Y4*4/5
〗[XXZSX3*3Y4*4/5-ZSX5*3Y4*4/5 3Y4*4/5〗〖BS(ZXX5*2/3Y2*2/3-ZXX18*2Y2*2/3〗This machine tool belongs to the small category of equipment
Special category of equipment (Grinding machine)〖BS)〗〖XXZSX5*2/3-ZSX5*2/3Y3*3〗〖XXZSX5*2/3Y3*3-ZSX7*2/3Y3*3
〗
〖BS(ZXX8Y4*5-ZXX18*2Y4*5〗The group of the machine tool (tool grinder)〖BS)〗〖XXZSX7*4-ZSX7*4Y1*2〗〖X
XZSX7*4Y1*2-ZSX9*4Y1*2〗
〖BS(ZXX9*2Y6-ZXX18*2Y6〗the Sequential number of the machine model〖BS)〗〖BG)W〗〖ZT)〗
The other is
The model number of the machine equipment. Machine model number indicates the name, size, performance and characteristics of the machine. Different industries of machine type
Numbering method is different, can be in accordance with the standards set by the state or the competent authorities for the number. The current model of metal cutting machine tools is
According to the Chinese people *** and the State of the former First Ministry of Machinery Industry published in 1969, "the model of metal cutting machine tools" compiled.
Equipment registration. On the basis of equipment classification and numbering, by the equipment management department to fill out the "equipment production handover sheet" to the
use
unit acceptance. In the transfer of acceptance at the same time, the use of the unit and the financial sector **** with the registration of "fixed asset card" and "equipment account
", and regular review and verification. Changes in equipment, depreciation, etc., should be reflected in the books.
(2) equipment closure and relocation. Enterprises idle or out of service for more than three months of equipment, should be proposed by the workshop plans
, by
production departments and equipment management department audit, reported to the business leader for approval after the sealing. Sealed equipment should take dust, moisture
, rust and other measures, and regular maintenance and inspection. When the enterprise production process needs to change the migration of equipment, must be produced or
process department to put forward the program, the equipment management department review, business leaders approved, for migration procedures before migration.
(3) equipment transfer and scrapping. The production of the enterprise has been unsuitable, long-term idle or extremely low utilization of equipment should be
transferred
out. To transfer out of the equipment, need to report to the relevant departments for approval, and do a good job of accounting before the transfer. Transfer out of the form of rental
or paid
transferred to other units.
Equipment over the life of the equipment, or due to the structure of the old, poor precision, low productivity, high energy consumption, or due to accidents caused by
loss
bad can not be repaired, or economic and technical is not worth repairing the modification can be scrapped. Where the equipment to be scrapped, to use the department
application, equipment management department to organize the relevant departments to carry out technical appraisal, well reported to the higher authorities for approval before the
scrap.
(4) accident handling of equipment. Due to abnormal damage and lead to equipment effectiveness is reduced or can not be used, are equipment accidents.
Enterprises
should take active and effective measures to prevent the occurrence of various accidents. When equipment accidents, should actively organize repair, analysis of the original
cause, serious treatment, from which lessons learned, and take effective measures to prevent similar accidents from occurring again. Where man-made
cause of equipment accidents, should be punished according to the severity of the case. Major equipment accidents and the handling of the situation should be promptly reported to the higher
authorities.
(5) management of equipment technical data. The establishment of equipment files, accumulation of equipment technical information, strengthen the management of equipment information,
is to do
good equipment management is an important part. Equipment files generally include: equipment factory inspection, equipment to the factory acceptance, equipment installation
engineering record sheets, test drive record sheets, equipment repair completion reports and quality inspection sheets, equipment repair cards, regular inspection
check the records, equipment, a full set of drawings, manuals and overhaul of process documents. Equipment files is to ensure the correct use of equipment, inspection
check and maintenance and repair of the important basis. Through the analysis of the technical information of the equipment, you can grasp the technical status of the equipment and parts
the degree of wear and tear, so as to develop a realistic inspection and repair plan to prevent equipment accidents.
(E) equipment management evaluation of technical and economic indicators
Since there are material and value of the equipment movement process of the two forms of movement, it is required from the technical and economic aspects of the two to strengthen the
equipment
management. In order to get the best technical state of equipment, equipment maintenance costs the most economical. Evaluation of enterprise equipment management technology and economic
Economic indicators are:
1. equipment intact rate It is the main indicator to reflect the technical status of industrial machinery and equipment, indicating that the technical status of the equipment
intact
degree. It is an important indicator to check the level of enterprise equipment management and maintenance work. The formula is:
〖JZ〗Equipment intact rate = [SX (]Number of intact equipment []Total number of equipment [SX)]×100%
Where: the total number of equipment is the total number of equipment has been installed in this enterprise all the production equipment, including the in-use, out-of-use, closed, shutdown, special
repair and is
checking all the equipment, excluding the equipment not yet installed and managed by the capital construction department, the maintenance work level. It does not include equipment that has not yet been installed and is managed by the capital construction department and escrowed by the material department. The number of equipment in good condition
is
the number of equipment in the total number of units that fully meets the standard of equipment in good condition.
2. equipment failure rate it is due to equipment failure and downtime as a percentage of equipment running time, calculated
formula for:
〖JZ〗 failure rate = [SX (] equipment failure downtime [] equipment running time [SX)] × 100%
3. maintenance cost efficiency it is the unit of maintenance costs of the product output, calculated as follows:
The number of equipment is
the total number of equipment in full compliance with the standards of equipment integrity. Product output, the formula is:
〖JZ〗maintenance cost efficiency = [SX (] product output (pieces or tons) [] maintenance costs [SX)]
4. unit product (or 10,000 yuan of output value) maintenance costs Calculation of the formula:
〖JZ〗unit product (or 10,000 yuan of output value) of the maintenance costs = [SX (] maintenance costs [] product output (or) [total output value) [] × 100%. Total output value)[SX)]
5. Average annual maintenance cost of a single unit of equipment Calculation formula:
〖JZ〗Average annual maintenance cost of a single unit of equipment=[SX(]Total annual maintenance cost[]Total number of units of equipment put into use in a year[SX)]