A, the development of mechatronics technology and its trends
Since the advent of electronic technology, the combination of electronic technology and mechanical technology has begun, only the emergence of semiconductor integrated circuits, especially the emergence of microprocessors as a representative of the large-scale After the integrated circuits, %26quot;mechatronics%26quot; technology after a significant progress, causing people to pay attention to a wide range.
(a) %26quot;Mechatronics%26quot; the development of the course of
1. CNC machine tools, wrote %26quot;Mechatronics%26quot; history of the first page;
2. Microelectronics technology for the %26quot;Mechatronics%26#39;%26#39;bring vitality;
3. Vitality;
3. Programmable controllers, %26quot;power electronics%26quot; and other developments for the %26quot;mechatronics%26quot; provides a strong foundation;
4. Laser technology, fuzzy technology, information technology, and other new technologies so that %26quot;mechatronics%26quot; jumped to a new level. (B) %26quot;Mechatronics%26quot; development trend
1. Optical mechatronics. General mechatronics system is composed of sensing system, energy system, information processing system, mechanical structure and other components. Therefore, the introduction of optical technology, the realization of the innate advantages of optical technology is able to effectively improve the mechatronics system sensing system, energy (power) system and information processing system. Optical mechatronics is an important trend in the development of electromechanical products.
2. Self-regulating distribution systemization - flexibility. The future of mechatronics products, control and execution systems have enough "redundancy", a strong "flexibility", can better cope with emergencies, is designed as a "self-regulating distribution system The system is designed as a "self-regulating distribution system". In a self-regulating distribution system, each subsystem works independently of each other, and the subsystems serve the total system, while having their own "self-regulation", and can react differently according to different environmental conditions. It is characterized by the fact that the subsystems can generate their own information and add to the given information, and the specific "actions" can be changed under the general premise. In this way, not only significantly increase the adaptive capacity of the system (flexibility), but also not due to the failure of a subsystem and affect the whole system.
3. Holographic systemization - intelligent. The future of mechatronics products "holographic" features more and more obvious, the level of intelligence is higher and higher. This is mainly due to fuzzy technology, information technology (especially software and chip technology) development. In addition, the hierarchical structure of the system, but also to change the simple "from top to bottom" situation for the complex, with more redundancy in the two-way link.
4. "Biological a software" - biomimetic system. Future mechatronic devices are highly dependent on information and tend to be structurally unstable when they are "static" but stable when they are dynamic (working). This is somewhat analogous to living organisms: when the control system (the brain) stops working, the organism "dies", while when the control system (the brain) is working, the organism is very much alive. Bionics research field has found some of the organism's excellent institutions for mechatronics products to provide a new type of body, but how to make these new types of body with a living "life" is still to be studied in depth. This field of research is called "biology - software" or "biological systems", and biological features are hardware (muscle) - - software (brain). -Software (brain) as a whole, inseparable. It seems that mechatronics products, although there is a tendency to the development of biological systems, but there is a long way to go.
5. Micro electromechanical - miniaturization. At present, the use of semiconductor device manufacturing process of etching technology, in the laboratory has been manufactured sub-micron mechanical components. When this result is used in real products, there is no need to distinguish between the mechanical part and the controller. Mechanical and electronic can be completely "fusion", the body, actuators, sensors, CPU, etc. can be integrated together, the volume is very small, and form a kind of self-regulating components. This micro-mechanics is an important development direction of mechatronics.
Three, typical mechatronics products
Mechatronics products are divided into two categories of systems (machine) and basic elements and components. Typical mechatronics systems are: CNC machine tools, robots, automotive electronic products, intelligent instruments, electronic typesetting and printing systems, CAD / CAM systems. Typical mechatronics components: power electronics and devices, programmable controllers, fuzzy controllers, micro-motors, sensors, special integrated circuits, servo mechanisms and so on. These typical mechatronics products, the current state of technology, development trends, market prospects are analyzed from omitted.
Four, Beijing's development of "mechatronics" and the situation and tasks faced
Mechatronics work mainly consists of two levels: one is the use of microelectronics technology to transform traditional industries, the purpose of which is to save energy and materials, improve efficiency, improve product quality, and improve the technological progress of the traditional industries; two is the development of automation, digitalization, intelligentization of mechanical and electrical equipment. Development of automation, digitalization, intelligent electromechanical products, and promote the renewal of products.
The former is the work on the surface, popularization work; the latter is to improve the work, deep work.
(I) Beijing "electromechanical integration" work facing the situation
1. Beijing with microelectronics technology to transform the traditional industrial workload is large and wide, there are difficulties
(1) in more than 700 Beijing municipal industrial system of enterprises, more than 60% of the enterprises with microelectronics technology transformation Machine tools and equipment, industrial furnaces, fans and electric pumps, the production process has not completed the task of half of the amount needed.
(2) Beijing's industrial system, there are more than 2,000 sets of machine tools and equipment urgently need to be transformed with microelectronics; in the nearly 6,500 sets of machine tools and equipment have been transformed, about 15% of the need for further transformation.
3) Beijing industrial system, there are nearly 250 industrial kilns need to be transformed with electronic information technology; and 610 have been transformed industrial kilns are also very much the further application of fuzzy technology for the second transformation of the need.
(4) Beijing industrial system CAD application there is a large gap. At present, Beijing industrial design, CAD application rate of only 17% (while the United States, Japan and other countries have more than 85%; advanced areas of the country also exceeded 30%); CAD coverage has only reached 11% (and the national CAD application project leading group pointed out that the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period of large and medium-sized enterprises to reach 35%, small and medium-sized backbone enterprises to reach 15% -20%; to reach 15% -20%; to reach 15% -20%; and the national CAD application project leading group pointed out that "eight five" period of large and medium-sized enterprises to reach 35%, small and medium-sized backbone enterprises To reach 15% -20%; to the "Ninth Five-Year Plan", according to State Councilor Song Jian's request, basically to get rid of the drawing board).
(5) Beijing industrial system **** has the value of the transformation of various fans and pumps installed capacity of 500,000 kilowatts, more than 490,000 kilowatts of variable speed control technology to transform the task, accounting for 99.5% of the total amount of about 99.5% of the task.
(6) industry is the city's energy consumption. 1992, Beijing's industrial system accounted for 59.5% of the city's total energy consumption. And Beijing is a city with serious lack of energy. In 1992, the energy consumption of 10,000 yuan output value of Beijing's industrial system was 2.47 tons of standard coal, 57% higher than Shanghai's 1.57 tons, 14% higher than Tianjin's 2.15 tons, and nearly 9 times higher than that of advanced industrialized countries. Therefore, the task of energy saving and consumption reduction in Beijing's industrial system is very heavy, and power electronics technology is the trump card of energy saving and consumption reduction.
2. Beijing with mechatronics technology to accelerate product upgrading and improve market share of the call is high, there is pressure. Beijing has about 30,000 kinds of industrial products, about 3,000 kinds of new products are developed and tested every year, and the updating cycle is very long. Because the speed of renewal can not keep up with the changing needs of the market, affecting the competitiveness of Beijing's industrial products
In 1993, the Beijing Municipal Industrial System produced about 837 kinds of mechanical and electrical integration products, in the total number of product varieties produced in that year accounted for only 7.8% or so. Among them: Machinery Bureau system of about 1,200 kinds of major products, mechatronics products less than 150 kinds of mechatronics products accounted for only 4% of the strong; Instrumentation Corporation system of 350 kinds of major products, mechatronics products 210 kinds of mechatronics products, mechatronics products accounted for 60% of the proportion of the system; light industry system of the total number of 649 kinds of major products, mechatronics, intelligent products 15 kinds of mechatronics, intelligent products accounted for about 7.8% of the total number of products. The proportion of electromechanical integration and intelligent products is about 2.3%; the total cost of the automobile industry head office system is 35,000 yuan on average for each car, and the average cost of electronic products installed in each car is about 300 yuan, which is not 1% of the total cost; it is far away from the advanced level of about 28% in foreign countries; and about half of the difference with the advanced level in China.
3. Beijing with mechatronics products to replace the low technological content and value-added, energy-consuming, water-consuming, high consumption, pollution, nuisance to the people's products of the responsibility for the weight of the significance. In Beijing's industrial system, energy consumption, water consumption, serious environmental pollution of enterprises still account for a considerable proportion, and many of them are located in urban and suburban areas. In recent years, Beijing's industrial structure, product structure, although several adjustments, but for a variety of reasons, the results have not been obvious. This certainly has the higher leadership departments of the government out of the problem, there are enterprises, "difficult to leave the old land," "die in the old industry," the problem, but it is undeniable that there is not optimized out of the ideal industry, preferably not out of the preferred product problems. The best answer has long been in front of these enterprises, which is the development of mechatronics, development and production of mechatronics products. Mechatronics products with strong functions, good performance, high quality, low cost, and flexibility, according to market needs and user feedback when the product structure and production process to make the necessary adjustments, reforms, without having to change equipment. This is an important way out to solve the many varieties of electromechanical products, less mass production. At the same time, the traditional machinery industry can be injected into the fresh blood, bring new vitality, the mechanical production from the heavy physical labor freed from civilized production.
In addition, from the point of view of market demand, due to China's research and development of mechatronics products, the history is not long, the gap is large, many product varieties, quantities, grades, quality can not meet the needs of imports every year are relatively large, so there is an urgent need for development.
(2) Beijing's "mechatronics" task
Beijing's task in mechatronics can be summarized in two sentences: one sentence is to widely and y use mechatronics technology to transform traditional industries; the other sentence is to develop mechatronics products with great fanfare, and to promote the upgrading of mechatronic products. Upgrading and modernization. The overall purpose is to promote the formation of mechatronics industry, and contribute to the adjustment of Beijing's industrial structure and product structure.
1. Beijing's focus on applying mechatronics technology to transform traditional industries
(1) Vigorously adopting fuzzy technology, the transformation of industrial furnaces and kilns should be taken to a new level
Domestic and foreign successful examples show that the application of fuzzy technology to transform industrial furnaces and kilns is better than the use of computers and PID technology alone. Therefore, we suggest that Beijing should vigorously promote the application of fuzzy technology in the transformation of industrial kilns in the future, by the year 2000, should be transformed but not yet transformed nearly 250 industrial kilns to be transformed with fuzzy technology and other advanced electronic information technology to be completed, of which the use of fuzzy technology to be transformed in 80%.
(2) the active use of numerical control technology, machine tools to reach a new level of high-preparedness transformation
The transformation of machine tools and equipment should be focused on the promotion and application of economical numerical control systems. According to the needs and possibilities, by 1995, Beijing should be transformed machine tool equipment (8420 units) of the transformation rate should reach more than 80%, to the end of this century to be transformed.
(3) efforts to promote frequency control technology, fans and electric pumps to climb new heights of transformation
fans, electric pumps using frequency control can generally save 20% of power, the effect is very significant. Therefore, in the future almost, Beijing to AC frequency conversion speed control technology to promote the application as a key to grasp. By 1995, should use frequency control technology to transform fans, electric pumps to transform 60%; By the end of the century, Beijing's fans, electric pumps and other speed motors to be universal; the use of advanced frequency control technology.
-"power electronics" development and production capacity: "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period to grasp the second generation of power electronics mass production technology and the third generation of power electronics development technology. During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, the production of third-generation power electronic devices to form an economic batch. In the application of power electronic products, during the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, switching power supply, high-frequency power supply, inverter power supply shall become the fist product; AC frequency conversion speed control device shall reach the degree of mass production; high-frequency electronic ballasts shall be able to be exported to create foreign exchange; during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, Beijing shall Form a high-tech industry with power electronic devices, power electronic device development, production, development, promotion of integrated supporting capacity.
-Fuzzy controller development and production capacity: "Eighth Five-Year Plan" to build Beijing into a national fuzzy technology controller development and production base, the development of fuzzy technology control system used for industrial furnace and kiln renovation, pressure, temperature, flow control of typical products to; delivery of the fuzzy technology gradually applied to household appliances. 1995, air-conditioners, washing machines, washing machines, washing machines, washing machines, washing machines, washing machines, washing machines and other household appliances. In 1995, the popularization rate of fuzzy controllers for household appliances such as air-conditioners, washing machines, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, electric fans, etc. should reach about 15, 20%, 5%, 15% and 8% respectively. By the end of this century, the penetration rate of fuzzy technology in household appliances in Beijing should reach more than 50%.
-Other mechatronics product development and production capacity: microcomputer-controlled multi-color printing machine to rank first in the country; the development and production of electronic medical instruments for the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" have a big breakthrough, "Ninth Five-Year Plan" in the varieties and production of the country's leading! ; in the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, to 300,000 kilowatts of turbine generator set as a representative of the power generation equipment to form a comprehensive supporting capacity, to play the benefits of scale; digital, intelligent instrumentation, automation devices to be on the varieties, on the batch ......
In short, mechatronics technology is not only the revitalization of the traditional electromechanical industry of fresh blood and source of power, but also to open the door of Beijing's electromechanical industry product structure, industrial structure adjustment key. If Beijing to complete the above proposed "mechatronics" development of the two goals, then, by the end of this century, Beijing will form a sales of more than 20 billion yuan of mechatronics industry. Among them, CNC machine tools, mechatronic printing systems, new electronic medical equipment and digital intelligent instrumentation and other mechatronic equipment sales of more than 15 billion yuan; "power electronics" sales of more than 2 billion yuan; PLC fuzzy controller sales of more than 1.5 billion yuan; automotive electronics, automation, intelligent light civil electrical products sales of more than 1 billion yuan. Intelligent light industry and civil electrical products sales can exceed 2.5 billion yuan. Mechatronics industry is not only the main force of Beijing's high-tech industry, but also the electromechanical industry, stopping work, pending production, Ming loss, potential loss of the way out of the enterprise.