This is very important for China's navy. This class boat is currently in the design stage and is expected to use technology obtained from Russia and the West. The US Naval Intelligence Office believes: "Type 094 will be the largest submarine ever built in China (nonsense, can it get smaller and smaller? It is expected that it will be significantly improved compared with the' Xia' class submarine, with improved quietness and sensor system performance, and the propulsion system is much more reliable. "
"More importantly, Type 094 will carry 16 new missiles, which greatly exceeds the number and performance of 12 missiles loaded on summer-class nuclear submarines. Type 094 was built in Bohai Shipyard. It is expected to be put into use at the beginning of this century. "
The Type 094 nuclear submarine will carry a new type of "Julang-2" (JL-2) ballistic missile with a range of over 4,000 nautical miles (7,400 kilometers). Therefore, China's ballistic missile nuclear submarine can aim at the target area of the United States from the active "position" along the coast of China.
There have been many speculations about China Navy's new generation nuclear submarine 093/094, but many of them are untrue. Here, first of all, I want to explain that the previous statement that "093/094 was put into production on 200/kloc-0" or "093/094 has been completed in large quantities" is untrue. Some technical bottle diameters (mainly "heart disease"-reactors) greatly delayed the 093/094 project, but all military friends can rest assured that this overwhelmed the "093/094" of China's aircraft carrier plan; This 093/094 "Sharpen a Sword in Twenty Years" must be a masterpiece.
(1) reactor or pressurized water reactor (instead of "high temperature gas cooled reactor" heated by domestic military friends).
Prior to this, domestic military friends believed that "093/094 will be equipped with high-temperature gas-cooled reactor", "the highest underwater speed will reach 45 knots" and "the quietness will exceed that of the United States and Russia" based on a CCTV news that "China 10MW high-temperature gas-cooled reactor experimental reactor has been successfully started" and various rumors that Russian nuclear experts have been working in China.
In fact, military friends with a little "basic knowledge" will know that a nuclear submarine of 6000~8000 tons is generally equipped with two 90MW reactors or one 190MW reactor.
There is a huge technical distance between 10MW experimental reactor and 90MW military reactor.
At present, the only military field that China can compete with the United States is laser. China lags far behind the United States and Russia in reactor technology, which is by no means something that can be solved by a few Russian third-rate experts that the United States does not want. (June 5438, 2003+October 4, 2003/KLOC-0) Supplementary explanation: The delay of the 093/094 project was mainly caused by the "natural circulation function" technology of PWR. )
(2) The technology of "floating raft vibration reduction" was adopted for the first time, and the quietness was greatly reduced. (See clearly, it is "floating raft damping" rather than "raft damping")
Different from the passive damping of "raft damping", "floating raft damping" is a highly automated and digital active damping technology. At present, only the United States, Russia, Britain, France and Germany have mastered it. I heard that Japan is also actively studying this technology. )
The U.S navy began to study the floating raft vibration reduction technology in 1960s, and achieved results in 1980s, and applied it to its nuclear submarines to reduce noise 15~20 decibels.
The Soviet Union's research on floating raft vibration reduction technology began in the 1970s, reducing the noise by 30 decibels!
China floating raft vibration reduction technology matured in 1990s. It is reported that China has applied the floating raft vibration reduction technology to the modernization modification project of 091092. )
(3) It will be equipped with "Deep Sea Blue Laser Information Transmission System".
China's "deep-sea blue laser information transmission system" has reached the use stage at the turn of the century. (leading the United States! However, the PWR technology failed, which led to the postponement of the 093/094 project.
At present, the software of "Deep-sea Blue Laser Information Transmission System" is being upgraded.
The successful development of China's "Deep-sea Blue Laser Information Transmission System" will greatly strengthen the connection between China's high command and nuclear submarines, and increase the concealment of nuclear submarines. (You don't need to float to tens of meters underwater regularly to receive ultra-long wave signals, but you can expect to be hundreds of meters underwater. )
(4) The pressure-resistant shell is made of new materials, and the operational depth is unprecedented.
According to unreliable news, the combat depth of 093/094 has reached more than 600 meters! (09 1/092 is only 300 meters! ) I don't know if the news is true or not. Let the military friends judge for themselves.
It is also an unreliable gossip that the pressure shell of 093/094 adopts NS 1 10 ultra-high strength steel. (Many parameters are close to or exceed titanium alloy, but it is difficult to process. )
(5) Equipped with a central degaussing system, the concealment is further strengthened.
(6) Adopt "pump jet propulsion system".
I don't know whether the news is true or not. Let the military friends judge for themselves. However, I think that the first batch of 093/094 will probably use the 7-blade large-side oblique low-noise propeller with damping alloy. )
"Pump jet propulsion system" can not only prevent cavitation caused by propeller, but also shield noise. There are many benefits.
American "Virginia" class, "sea wolf"; France "triumphed"; The "avant-garde" in Britain all adopted the "pump jet propulsion system". In the mid-1990s, China did a lot of hydrodynamic experiments of pump jet propulsion system, and carried out 1/4 and 1/2 model experiments. June 5438, 2003+20031October 4: The latest data show that the development of pump jet propulsion system in China is slow and has not yet entered the practical stage. The first batch of 093/094 will still use 7-blade large-lateral-inclined low-noise propellers made of damping alloy. )
A new nuclear submarine of China Navy successfully launched a submarine-launched ballistic missile "Julang 2" off the coast of Qingdao Port in China. After flying thousands of kilometers, the missile hit the target in the inland desert of Xinjiang. The missile carrier that launched this "Julang 2" with a range of at least 8,600 kilometers is the "094" strategic missile nuclear submarine developed by China.
Lu: China Type 99 changed into a main battle tank.
Type 99 main battle tank is an improved type 98 (99) main battle tank. The main improvements are as follows:
1, equipped with domestic 150HB turbocharged intercooled high-power diesel engine (1500hp) and new high-efficiency transmission system, the maximum speed of expressway is 80km/h.
2. On the basis of the original composite main armor, the front and side of the tank turret are equipped with a new type of wedge-shaped double-anti-anti-additional armor, which has an excellent bulletproof appearance, and the car body is also equipped with composite armor, which greatly improves the bulletproof ability. The protective capacity of the car body and turret is equivalent to the homogeneous armor with the thickness of 800 and1000 mm.
In addition, improvements should be made in ammunition, fire control and digitalization.
The early Type 98 combat vehicle under test. The object covered behind the hatch cover is the blinding laser attack system type 98.
The laser receiver/warning device is installed behind the turret. Note that the front of the turret is equipped with mounting points for extra armor.
The front of the turret modified by Type 99 uses arrow cluster armor similar to Leopard II A5, which greatly improves the protection ability. And a lot of extra armor is installed in front.
Type 99 main battle vehicle
Manufacturing country/factory China/North Industries Corporation
User country China
Body size (m) length 7.3 (excluding barrel)/1 1 (including barrel) width 3.4 height 2 (to the roof)
Combat weight (ton) 5 1
Engine/horsepower 150HB or Perkins engine cv-12-1200tca12v or 6DT-3 diesel engine or WD396 diesel engine *11200.
Thrust-to-weight ratio (ton/horsepower) 23.53
65 kilometers per hour
Endurance (km) 450
Passenger 3
Main armed forces: ZPT-98 125mm 48-caliber smooth-bore gun * 1.
Sub-armed:
Type 85 12.7 mm air defense machine gun * 1
Type 59 7.62mm coaxial machine gun * 1
Type 94 smoke bomb launcher * 10
After the mid-1980s, China's chariots made rapid progress. In addition to the original' 80s', greatly improved' 80s' and updated' 90s', China's own ace car has others. June 1 999+1October1When China celebrated the 50th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, 18 unprecedented new chariots attracted the world's attention in the parade passing Tiananmen Square. At first, this kind of chariot was first exposed in the west as a Type 96 chariot or a Type 90-II China self-use production vehicle. Later, I learned that this is a brand-new chariot, named 98, numbered WZ- 123 or ZTZ-98. Type 98 has a considerable technical origin with Russian-made T-72 and T-80 chariots. T-72 has long been the reference of China Type 90 /MBT-2000, and the more advanced T-80U was exhibited to China in 1995, which naturally became one of the important technical sources of Type 98 in the future. For example, the 98 chassis is exactly the same as the T-80U. Even so, the overall configuration and details of Type 98 are quite different from those of Russian-made chariots. For example, the square welded turret is developed from the 85 series. 1989, China authorities signed a contract with China North Industries Company to develop the third-generation main battle vehicle. A prototype car was manufactured from 1990 and 1992 for testing, and finally finalized in 1998. According to the year, it should be named 98 style, but it is officially named 99 style.
Compared with the previous 85/90 type chariot, the most recognizable appearance of the 98 type chariot is the V-shaped bullet plate at the front. This design has been seen in Russian T-72 combat vehicles before, and it is mainly used to prevent shrapnel from hitting the turret ring along the front. The Type 98 adopts a square turret used in China from 85-II M, and the front of the turret and the front of the turret adopt the latest modular composite armor from China, which is believed to be composed of steel plates, ceramics and glass fiber interlayers. If necessary, Type 98 can be equipped with high explosive reactive armor (ERA), making it the best chariot in China. In addition, the inner wall of Type 98 Battalion is coated with anti-radiation paint activated from 90-II, and an inner lining is laid to prevent the armored fragments caused by shrapnel or shock wave from being scattered in the car after the shell hits, thus injuring the passengers. Due to more equipment in the car, the Type 98 turret is slightly larger than the previous Type 90 turret, but it also has a large gap with the car body, which constitutes a weak point in protection. The shell fragments may shoot into the turret ring and destroy the turret ring. In terms of power, Type 98 is equipped with 1200 HP diesel engine, but there are several models: the first type is 150HB series diesel engine developed by China, which is said to be copied from MB87 1 KA50 1 of German MTU, but whether it is practical or not remains to be confirmed; The second argument is to follow the 90-type western power kit, including CV-12-1200tca12V diesel engine of Perkins Engine Company of the United Kingdom and ESM 500 automatic gearbox of SESM Company of France (with five forward gears and two reverse gears), but this combination should be excluded. The third type is the WD396 diesel engine in Germany. In addition, it is reported that the model 98 prototype has used the 6TD-3 diesel engine made in Ukraine during the test, and the output power of these possible engines is 1200 horsepower. As for the gearbox, it is believed that the Type 98 still adopts the hydraulic auxiliary planetary gear manual gearbox, with 7 forward gears and 1 reverse gears. However, it is reported that Model 98 encountered many transmission problems during the test. The combat weight of Type 98 is increased to 5 1t, which is the heaviest chariot in China at present, and it is comparable to Japanese Type 90. The maximum highway speed is 65km/hr, the off-road speed is 47km/h, and the fuel in the car lasts for 450km at a time, which is increased to 600km after installing the external fuel tank. The layout of Model 98 bearing system is quite similar to that of T-80, with six pairs of bearing wheels on each side (but the shape of bearing wheels is similar to that of T-72). It is believed that the torsion bar suspension system is used, and the first, second, fifth and sixth pairs of load-bearing wheels are also equipped with hydraulic shock absorbers. In addition, the grille of Type 98 crawler and engine compartment radiator is similar to that of T-80. The engine compartment of Type 98 is larger than that of Type 96, so the body length is slightly increased and the wheel spacing is different.
Compared with 85-II M and 90-II, Type 98 shooting control system is more precise and adopts digital technology. In addition to the integrated two-axis stabilization system, gunner sight (including laser rangefinder), digital ballistic computer and atmospheric sensing device, infrared thermal imager is added, which greatly improves its night fighting ability. This technology is believed to come from China-Pakistan Halid chariot. Type 98 conductor has an independent sight, and both conductor and gunner sight have day/night capability and laser rangefinder, which may have black boy/black boy function. In addition, the Type 98 commander and gunner sight have TVT automatic tracking devices, which are similar to the Type 90 chariots in Japan. When the thermal camera finds the target, the gunner or commander presses the button, and the shooting control system automatically and accurately tracks the target and keeps it in the observer's sight. In addition, Model 98 is equipped with GPS global positioning system and new VHF-2000 tactical radio. After GPS is integrated into the fire control system, it can display the position of the vehicle in the chariot at any time and report it to the superior command unit through the tactical radio system. Type 98 hit 80% with the first shot and 95% with the second shot.
The most unique equipment of Type 98 is the integrated laser early warning/active countermeasure system, which is very different from the active defense system of chariots developed by the West and Russia in recent years and is unique to Type 98 at present. JD-3 includes a laser warning receiver (LWR) installed at the back of the turret, a special laser self-defense suit (LSDW) behind the hatch cover, and related automatic control systems. When LWR receives the signal from the enemy laser calibrator, the system automatically turns the turret to the direction of the laser source, and then starts LSDW；; . LSDW firstly emits low-energy laser to the target, and calibrates the position according to the laser echo. After locking, it emits high-energy blinding laser, destroying the enemy photoelectric sensor and even blinding the other operator. The maximum elevation angle of LSDW launcher is higher than the main gun, and it can even be used against enemy helicopters. In addition, it is believed that LSDW can also be used for workshop signal communication in low energy mode. Compared with Type 85 and Type 90-II six-pack Type 84 smoke bomb launchers, Type 98 is replaced by two sets of five-pack Type 94 smoke bomb launchers, which are placed on both sides of the turret respectively, which is also one of the appearance characteristics of Type 98 chariots. This kind of smoke bomb may also be combined with the vehicle-mounted active defense system, which will automatically fire immediately after the threat is discovered. In addition to the laser warning/active countermeasure system, the early data also pointed out that Type 98 will be equipped with JD-3 blind I infrared countermeasure system, which can continuously emit infrared jamming pulses against infrared guided anti-vehicle missiles, but this equipment was not seen in the actual photos of Type 98. Militarily, Type 98 is equipped with ZPT-98 125mm 5 1 multiple caliber smooth-bore gun newly developed by China, and the supporting automatic loading system. At first, the west thought that ZPT-98 was a 48-caliber musket improved from Russia (85-II M and 90-II were equipped with China imitation versions of this gun), but later news pointed out that the counting of ZPT-98 originated from the newly developed 120mm musket in China. ZPT-98 can launch the newly developed decaying uranium core wing penetrator (APFSDS) developed by China. It is said that the armor-piercing ability is comparable to the most advanced 120mm bomb in the west. In addition, the Type 98 tank can also use high-explosive armor-piercing projectile (HEAT), high-explosive fragmentation projectile (HE-FRAG) and gun-launched laser-guided anti-vehicle missile similar to Russian AT- 1 1. Type 98 still uses the Russian automatic loading system handed down from 85-IIM. The rotating ammunition compartment with a capacity of 22 rounds is located under the turret ring, and the occupants in the turret sit on the ammunition compartment. There is no explosion-proof partition between the combat compartment and the ammunition compartment, so the safety is not as good as that of the first-class main battle vehicles in Europe and America. The maximum theoretical firing rate of Type 98 is about 8 rounds per minute, which should be the value when the barrel is fixed. In actual combat, we must also consider the effectiveness of the shooting control system, the pitch adjustment of the main gun and the proficiency of personnel. Generally speaking, it takes about 10 to 12 seconds for the main gun to return to the loading position after firing. In terms of secondary armed forces, Type 98 used Type 85 12.7mm air defense machine gun, and Type 96 used the original Type 59 7.62mm coaxial machine gun.
The research and modification of Type 98 is still in progress. Later, the turret modified by Type 98 (also known as 98G) was equipped with arrow cluster armor similar to that of German Leopard 2A5, which obviously improved the appearance of bullet avoidance and protection. In addition, it is said that it is equipped with an improved automatic loader with more reliability and better performance and an updated second-generation thermal imager. In the future, China will also test the new engine of 1.500 horsepower on Type 98 (which may be an improved model of 150HB or 6DT series), and its maneuverability will be greatly improved. Up to now, China's chariots have gradually escaped from the shadow of Russian chariots. The overall technical level is not the same as that of Amon in the past, and some of its capabilities are almost the same as those of the West and Russia. Although the performance of Type 98 is superior to any kind of chariot developed by China in the past, its precision and cost are also extraordinary, and it is impossible for the PLA to completely replace it. Therefore, in the future, the development of a new generation of main battle vehicles in China will adopt the mode of high-low collocation, with a large number of cheaper Type 96 (power, fire control and armor are one level lower than Type 98) as the backbone, and only the more expensive Type 98 will be deployed as the focus. At the end of 200 1, the first batch of 40 98G chariots began to equip the armored forces of China People's Liberation Army. It is estimated in the west that China will produce 98G at a rate of about 20 vehicles per year from 2000, so by 2004, China had equipped 80 to 100 vehicles of this type, but the actual situation is still unclear. By the way, the appearance of Type 96 is very similar to that of Type 98, and the obvious differences include JD-3 laser active reaction system of Type 98, engine compartment heat dissipation grille, bearing wheel spacing and V-shaped bullet-proof steel bar at the front of Type 98. As for the 98G with arrow cluster armor on the front of the turret, it is easy to identify.
For the Army of Taiwan Province Province, it has always been a problem that the performance of China's self-made chariots surpasses the main models such as M-60A3, CM- 1 1 since the appearance of the 85-II M, and this problem only surfaced in the late 1990s due to the formal production of Type 96 and Type 98. However, due to the limited national defense budget, most of the investment in Taiwan Province Province in recent years has been concentrated in the navy and air force, and it has never been possible to replace the new main battle vehicle. However, due to the limited amphibious energy in China, it is impossible to transport a sufficient number of new chariots across the sea during the decisive battle of the war; In fact, when China sent its mechanized troops to Taiwan Province Island or outlying islands, it showed that Taiwan Province Province lost its air and sea control rights, and the outcome of the defeat was basically decided. Therefore, the threat of China's new main battle vehicle to Taiwan Province Province is not significant. Even so, in order to avoid the situation that Taiwan Province Province can't effectively suppress the new type 98 chariot after landing, Taiwan Province Province had better try to upgrade the related equipment of the chariot; More importantly, the author thinks that the blinding laser system of Type 98 chariot shows that China has successfully developed this kind of equipment, and this kind of equipment should not only be placed on the turret of Type 98 chariot in the future.
Null: j 10
Estimation of performance parameters of J 10
operating characteristic
Captain14.57m.
Wingspan 8.78 meters
Thrust 122 kn
The maximum speed is Mach 2.0.
The maximum upper limit is18000m.
The operational radius is 1 100 km.
The maximum range is 2500 kilometers.
The takeoff weight is 19277kg.
The bomb load is 7000 kilograms.
0 1 prototype from scratch.
This J-10 was ambitious from the beginning of research and development, so it attracted much attention-for example, the most popular "duck" pneumatic layout was locked at the beginning. As a domestic third-generation fighter, its task is to catch up with the world's advanced level.
1965-1In the early 1980s, the aviation industry re-formulated the development policy of "new generation, developed generation and pre-developed generation", that is, some old fighters were replaced by more advanced 歼 7 and 歼 8; Develop the follow-up improvement of 歼 7 and 歼 8; With MIG -29 and Su -27 as the main operational targets, advanced fighters that can meet the operational needs before and after 2000 will be pre-researched.
Xu De, former deputy general manager of Chengdu Aircraft Industry (Group) Company directly under China First Airlines, introduced that 1982, Deng Xiaoping, then chairman of the Central Military Commission, after listening to Zou Jiahua's report, proposed to invest 500 million yuan to build a new aircraft with independent intellectual property rights.
The development task was handed over to Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute (also known as 6 1 1 Institute).
1986 65438+1October, the State Council and the Central Military Commission jointly issued a document to approve the J-10 project, code-named 10 project-"It was located in F 16 at that time, which was very different." Xu De said.
In the view of some domestic experts at that time, catching up with F 16 was "in the foreseeable future". At that time, China's most advanced J-8 fighter was only the second generation fighter, while advanced third generation fighters, such as American F 15, F 16 and Soviet MIG-29, had already been equipped and applied in actual combat.
Song was the chief designer of J-10 at the age of 56. He designed the J -7C before, nominally made in China, but the technology is still an imitation of the Soviet MIG -2 1 fighter.
After repeated screening by the whole air force, 24 people entered the test pilot assessment.
In the first class, all the pilots were dumbfounded. "This kind of plane has never been seen before!" J-10 is all controlled by computer, which is a brand-new field for pilots who are used to the first and second generation of aircraft tie rods and rudders.
In the design of J-10, China adopted the modern aircraft design concept for the first time, and put people and systems together to study and achieve the integration of man and machine. "In the past, pilots used to adapt to airplanes. Now the design concept has changed, and the design is more humanized. Once the pilot enters the cockpit, there is no discomfort. " Test pilot Lei Qiang said.
1993, Lei Qiang and other five people stood out and were identified as members of the "Chief Test Pilot Group"-this is also in line with international standards. The quality simulation test-bed was completed this year. The operating logic, lighting and all the equipment in the cockpit of the simulator are exactly the same as the real machine. Test pilots can also practice flight conditions under different meteorological conditions and special conditions.
From the second generation mechanical transmission fighter to the third generation digital telex aircraft, the leap is very great. From pneumatic layout to digital fly-by-wire flight control system, from integrated avionics system to computer-aided design, J-10 has been completely transformed, and the yield of new products alone is as high as 60%.
Everything starts from scratch.
Test pilots have become an important participant in aircraft development. They put forward nearly a thousand suggestions to improve the cockpit and landing gear of new fighters. Not only that, they also directly participated in the design, and the handle and throttle lever of the plane were pinched out bit by bit with plasticine.
Designers don't have a sense of aerial photography, so they can only rely on the feedback from pilots, make repeated revisions and constantly improve.
1997165438+10 month, J-100 1 prototype finally stopped at the starting line. Lei Qiang was identified as the first batch of pilot projects.
"This is the real fighter!"
1On March 23rd, 998, J-100 1 prototype made its first flight.
Wenjiang Airport in Chengdu Military Region is crowded. On the tarmac, a new fighter plane with yellow paint and duck structure layout stands quietly-it is J-10.
The first and second generation fighters belong to static and stable aircraft, and the third generation fighters belong to static and stable aircraft.
"In layman's terms, static stability is like putting a steel ball in a bowl. No matter how you roll, you can finally find a stable support point; Static instability is like putting a steel ball on another steel ball. In theory, there should be a point that can be put down, but in fact it will always fall. " Miao Wenzhong, deputy chief engineer of Cheng Fei Company, explained.
The third-generation aircraft flying for the first time abroad generally adopts the method of adding counterweight to make it a traditional static and stable aircraft, and then change it back after the test pilot is fully skilled. At first, designers also want to adopt international practices, but in this way, the cycle will be extended for at least half a year.
The chief designer asked Lei Qiang for advice, and Lei Qiang said, "We can't follow others and can't afford to wait." He practices on the flight simulator every day, not only daring.
Lei Qiang, wearing a special orange flight suit, walked to the fighter plane. He seems to have drunk too much and his face is flushed. The political commissar of the accompanying brigade grabbed his hand and took the pulse. 150! Lei Qiang climbed the ladder silently and stepped into the engine room. Looking back, he found that the face of the director of the flight test bureau was covered with tears.
Ignition, sliding out, accelerating, pulling the lever, the plane jumped out of the horizon and stabbed into the blue sky.
After the fighter plane flew three times around the airport, Lei Qiang found that there was still fuel left, so he asked for instructions to fly again. Twenty minutes later, the new fighter plane crossed an arc in the air and landed smoothly on the runway, and the whole airport was boiling. "This is the real fighter!" Lei Qiang was very excited when she got off the plane.
The first flight is only the first step to success. The test pilot's next job is to repeatedly check the fighter, expose the design defects one by one, make modifications, prepare for the finalization of the fighter, and provide a basis for the pilot's future operation.
1999, the second batch of four test pilots, including He Binbin, entered the model adjustment test flight, which was a stronger test flight-only by flying out of the limit value can the performance of the new fighter be expanded and the combat effectiveness be improved; Because it is a limit case, in the development process of the third generation aircraft, there have been plane crashes abroad without exception.
He Binbin was attacked by yellow sand on his way back, and the ground wind speed reached14 m/s. "The plane is like a drunk", swaying and leaning to one side. At this time, he increased the speed to 280 kilometers and judged the attitude of the plane by grouping method and heading method. At the moment of grounding, "the legs of the people present are soft." He Binbin wrote "The Flying Method of Strong Crosswind", "J-10 Crosswind Resistance Multiplies".
The "low altitude and large surface speed" flight test verifies the reliability and flutter characteristics of aircraft structural strength. The low-altitude atmosphere is dense, the faster the aircraft speed, the greater the pressure, and once it crosses the critical point, it will lead to the disintegration of the aircraft. "Low altitude and large area speed" is the maximum approximation of the speed of flying out of the plane without disintegration.
According to statistics, no fewer than 50 planes crashed during the test flight abroad. Russia's first Su -27 test flight, there was a tragedy of crash death.
Every time Li Zhonghua flies into space, researchers will silently help him arrange his flight equipment and watch him board the plane with a tragic face. In order to explore the limit, he increased the speed bit by bit. In this process, there are some problems, such as the deformation of the front landing gear guard plate and the rivet at the leading edge of the wing being sucked out due to excessive load. "If you fly again? No one has a bottom. "
On June 5438+February 2003 1, Li Zhonghua challenged the limit value of "low altitude and large area speed". He dived at a 25-degree angle from a height of 10,000 meters, with full afterburner and supersonic speed. With the acceleration of the plane, he felt the blood surge and the pressure on his body was getting bigger and bigger. When the speed reaches 120 m/s, "it's like falling into a bottomless abyss and being left in an endless dark and silent world."
In the ground monitoring room, when the monitor showed that the speed and pressure of the plane had exceeded 9,000 kg, Sha Changan, then president of China Flight Test Institute, described himself as creepy.
Oil poured into the engine, and the harsh noise generated by the intense friction between the atmosphere and the fuselage drowned out the roar of the engine. Li Zhonghua gritted his teeth, and when he was less than a kilometer from the ground, he glanced at the display screen: the speed completely reached and exceeded the design value of the plane. He pulled up the joystick, and the nose of the plane instantly lifted and re-entered the sky.
This flight set a record for the fastest flight speed of domestic aircraft in the atmosphere-exceeding the speed of the rocket carrying Shenzhou VI 1300km/h in the atmosphere.
In addition, the 歼-10 also realized air start and air docking refueling.
Launch an air-to-air missile
An expert in Germany uses operational indicators to judge aircraft: the relationship between operational performance and basic performance of aircraft is linear, quadratic, cubic with avionics and quartic with equipped weapon system.
The live ammunition shooting test in the air is extremely risky, just like the test pilot sitting on a powder keg. If the missile is not successfully launched after ignition, it will pose a serious threat to the test pilot and the aircraft. Liang Wanjun, deputy commander of an air force flight brigade, carried out the first missile launch test mission of J-10 aircraft.
He made an amazing attempt to land at an altitude of 10,000 meters, and became one of the top ten news figures in CCTV's "Touching China" in 2004. People know that he is a test pilot of Xiaolong fighter, but they don't know that he also flies J-10.
The new fighter plane flew over the shooting range. A flare suddenly fired and turned into a fireball in the air. Using advanced airborne radar search, Liang Wanjun quickly intercepted and locked the target, and pressed the launch button after judging the opportunity. The missile went straight at the target with a white smoke, and the dazzling fireball suddenly exploded in the air and scattered into pieces.
A year later, China's new air-to-air missile was successfully developed, and Xu Yongling, the test pilot, was responsible for driving the new fighter plane to conduct the target test.
Before the launch, test pilot Xu Yongling was full of confidence. He sent a text message to the flight test chief: "The target test was successful, and the error was within 5 meters." However, things didn't go smoothly from the beginning: the missile had problems of guide head and signal attenuation one after another, and the missile parts were burned when it was powered on for inspection. I experienced some twists and turns before deciding to launch. The first shot succeeded, but the second shot missed the target.
On June 23rd, 2003, Xu Yongling launched two missiles, and the missiles were successfully launched. On the 25 th, the last missile left was aimed at the supersonic drone developed by China. When the launch button is pressed, the missile emits a long flame, which directly drills into the tail nozzle of the drone and explodes in the air.
The final test flight of the domestic third-generation fighter came to an end.
Miao Wenzhong, deputy chief engineer of Cheng Fei Company, introduced that the comprehensive cost of a test flight of J-10 was 270,000 yuan. J-10 aircraft made more than 3000 landings before it was finalized. Li Zhonghua flight test "high angle of attack characteristic test" was originally scheduled to carry out 30 flight test missions. After optimization, the task was completed with only 17 sorties, saving the country more than 3 million yuan.
"18 years old, joined the army"
Soon after the finalization, China's third-generation new fighter was formally equipped with troops, and the J-10 twin-plane, the improved J-10 and the naval type were fully promoted.
Academician Song, a 74-year-old designer, said emotionally: "From the first sketch in 1986 to the drawing of the August 1st military emblem today, our J-1kloc-0/8 years old, we grew up, joined the army and handed it over to the army ..."
One day in June 2004, 1 1, deep in the northwest desert, J-10, a "recruit", confronted an advanced fighter plane imported from China: rolled over, climbed, hovered and dived ... After finding the target, the pilot quickly locked and fired the missile, and the "enemy plane" instantly "vanished". Then, the second and third rounds of confrontation drills ended, and J-10 won with an absolute advantage of 10: 1
On February 29th, 2006, 10, that is, J-10 "appeared", the State Council Press Office published the white paper "National Defense of China in 2006". The white paper pointed out that China Air Force made great efforts to build an information-based air combat force with both offensive and defensive capabilities, reduce the total number of combat aircraft, focus on developing new fighters, air defense and anti-missile weapons, and strengthen the construction of command and control systems.
The successful development of J-10 is obviously of great significance. At the beginning of its development, it was listed as key national defense equipment as "a strategic weapon for our air force to seize air superiority and carry out campaign assault in future wars."
According to military sources, J-10 has become the most advanced main fighter in China, and it is the "killer" to defeat the enemy. China Air Force's weapons and equipment have made a leap from quantity-scale type to quality-benefit type, creating conditions for seizing air superiority and winning local wars under high-tech conditions in the future.
"after the J-10 was finalized, the air force chief said that the J-10 aircraft was superior to foreign fighters of the same generation in principle. The pilot reported that it used to be a jeep, but now it is a Mercedes-Benz. " Xu De said.
According to the principle of "opening a batch and developing the next batch", it is predicted that a new generation of more advanced fighters of China Air Force will come out.