But the world still has a considerable number of land launch sites in use, at this time to avoid debris injuries, only by the launch site selection, full consideration of the rocket flying through the trajectory of the sparsely populated underneath, but some of the launch site this condition is not too good, it is necessary to notify in advance, the population of the affected areas to try to avoid, and then combined with a certain amount of loss of compensation measures to solve the problem. Since rocket motor debris tends to leave small amounts of fuel behind, and some of that fuel is toxic, thus whenever it is found, the government will send out a recovery team to deal with it.
The man-made return objects include the return capsule of return satellites, generally the film capsule of remote sensing satellites in the past or the test capsule of scientific satellites, the head of ballistic missiles when test-firing is generally not loaded with real warheads, but full of telemetry instrumentation, and some need to be recovered after landing on the target range, and then there are manned spaceflight return capsule of the manned return capsule. These returns can be splashed down at sea and recovered by a fleet of ships, or they can be recovered on the ground. When recovered at sea, because it is generally the high seas, there is a possibility that the return capsule with intelligence value will be snatched or stolen. Ground recovery is also in the case of smashing into civilian houses or mistakenly into the river. The United States has also developed a transport aircraft nose mounted on a special fork, forked parachute rope, air recovery film capsule technology, remote sensing satellites can data transmission is not used.
The falling part in the wreckage drop zone, which is the Long March III wreckage in Shi Bing County, Guizhou.
When the rocket is launched, the final stage will be in orbit with the spacecraft, after which it will be manually controlled to re-enter and burn over the open sea, in which case it is usually burned directly in the air or the wreckage falls into the sea, and the general public has nothing to do with it.
But the launch of the first few stages, especially the first stage, in the separation did not reach the first cosmic velocity can not enter the orbit, it will be separated from the speed of continuing to fly forward and parabolic trajectory to the ground, the fallout area is generally in the rocket launch trajectory of the extension of the line of a few hundred to more than 1,000 kilometers of the place. South Korea's rocket launch process is labeled with a first-stage rocket fallout event.
Launch sites by the sea in order to avoid debris falling and injuring people, usually let the rocket fly toward the outer sea, so that the falling first-stage debris will fall into the open sea, and only need to temporarily notify the nearby ships to stay away from the people's production and life without affecting the people. The launch site on the east and west coasts of the United States after the launch debris fell into the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, European countries commonly used Kourou launch site in French Guiana to the east also fell into the Atlantic Ocean, China's Hainan Wenchang launch site after the launch of the debris fall into the area are also in the southeast direction of the open sea, these debris have no great impact.
But some inland launch sites are not so good luck. The Xichang Launch Center's main drop zone for first-stage rocket debris is in Guizhou, centered on Jucang Town in Renhuai City. The center point of the primary rocket debris main landing zone at the Taiyuan Launch Center is Shiyan City in Hubei Province, while the primary rocket debris main landing zone at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is Suining County in Hunan Province. Although these places are relatively remote and have low population densities, they still suffered huge losses due to falling debris. The falling debris itself will smash houses and hurt people, and at the same time, because China's launch rockets generally use highly toxic fuel nitrogen tetroxide and hydrazine, the reddish-yellow smoke from the fuel residue after the landing will also bring great health and environmental hazards.
Whenever a rocket is launched, the theoretical fallout area within a radius of dozens of kilometers will receive forecasts, evacuation of the population, factory shutdowns, school closures, security, fire, medical and power sectors emergency standby, the government organized a special working group will be evacuated to the order to locate each household, even if it is the middle of the night are not allowed to stay at home, you have to go out, these safety measures are necessary, but also the local government is responsible for the residents of the embodiment of the, but the can also lead to a halt in normal local life and a variety of direct and indirect economic losses. For more information on local cooperation with rocket launches, see /hangyeyedongtai/2017-05-12/42695.html, and for more information on the impact of rocket launches on the lives of people in the drop zone, see Zhang Zhanbo's documentary "Skyfall," which was filmed in Suining County, Hunan Province.
In order to solve these problems, there has been a huge clamor within aerospace to develop rocket spotting and recovery technology, and a major consideration in the development of liquid-oxygen kerosene rockets and the new Hainan launch site is to avoid debris falling inland and injuring people.
The drop can not be collectively referred to as the rocket compartment, if the satellite fell, it is an accident, in general, if the launch is successful, the drop is the propulsion module, because the launch of high-orbit satellites now need to launch more fuel, in order to achieve the purpose of the heavier, will be used in a multi-stage propulsion method, a level of combustion is complete, the propellant will be out of the rocket and fuel tanks together in the atmosphere, the fall is generally This is the satellite out of the atmosphere, the fairing will fall off, but generally not on the ground, in the air and the atmosphere friction burning finished
If the missile launch system, the launch of the relevant propulsion components will fall back to the ground. In the case of a satellite launch system, the first stage of the propulsion components will fall back to the ground, while the other components will be stranded in space for a long time, becoming space junk, which is why there is so much space junk at the moment.
Rockets are divided into manned spaceships and rocket boosters, after the rocket has been launched, what falls down is not the spaceship (rocket capsule) but the booster and fairing, most of which burns up in the atmosphere, and the remaining part is officially recovered, which is the reason for the large area around the launch site, and there is a special landing site for manned spaceships.
During the ascent process, a part of the rocket will come off in the middle of the way, while a one part goes into space to carry out a related mission, and after a certain period of time it will return to Earth again. Let's start with these two parts.
The part that falls off is generally referred to as the debris, and the latter is the man-made return object, such as a manned return capsule, etc.
This is the part that falls off, and the latter is the man-made return object.
Regarding the wreckage, there are two reasons for it to fall off: a normal fall after fuel exhaustion, and a launch failure. Normally, this debris fall location will be affected by gravity, wind and many other factors, so every time you launch a rocket, either choose an interpersonal deserted place, such as the sea, or evacuate the crowd as early as possible to reduce the security risks.
Development so far, "recyclable" has become a new trend in the development of rockets, such as Musk founded the space transportation company SpaceX, whose "Falcon IX" rockets have successfully completed a number of times the first level of rocket recovery, including land recovery and sea recovery. Including land recovery and sea recovery. Just a few days ago, it completed another transportation mission and successfully recovered at sea. However, it's important to note that SpaceX's recovery of the rocket only refers to the recovery of the first stage, and as for the second stage, according to Musk, they may try to recover the second stage when the Falcon Heavy launcher makes its maiden flight later this year.
Look at the domestic, in the past, for the recovery of rockets, generally using parachutes + airbags and vertical landing two ways, however, the use of this way of recovery of rockets generally can not be reused.
Chen Hongbo, director of the R&D Center's general room in the first hospital, said the carrier will combine the first and second stages in parallel, which means that the reusable carrier will not be detached from the first and second stage rockets in the middle of the launch, which will be more conducive to recycling.
Using the recovery technology, the first two stages may be able to realize the vision of "launching from wherever it falls" during future launches. In this way, we don't have to worry about the human and financial costs associated with falling debris.
As for the man-made return object, in addition to the use of parachutes, airbags and other ways, it seems that more effective technology has not been developed.
The question should be asked, where did the residual part of the rocket fall after launch?
The remnants of the rocket after launch fall, pass through the atmosphere and fall into the drop zone. The fallout zone and the fallout event will be calculated in advance, and personnel will be notified in advance to leave to ensure their safety.
When a rocket is launched, some debris will fall down, which is the heat expansion and deterioration of the insulating material. This can take away some of the heat generated in the rocket body during the launch, and lower the temperature of the rocket's body to ensure that the temperature of the rocket's body stays within the safe range.
The fuel tanks fall to the ground in free fall. Only, when launching a rocket, the flight path of the rocket is precisely calculated. All levels of falling engines and storage tanks, at what time fuel depletion, shutdown have a precise time node, so that you can choose a more accurate drop zone, usually in the mountains, the sea no man's land, and then there are professionals according to the location of the signal recovery.
Usually fall to the earth, and then recovery
The Yankee launch center is located in the head of the most Florida, so directly fall into the sea. We well, smashed on the ground, will be smashed, depending on luck, Guizhou Hunan is a high probability of smashing the place.