The environmental problems of the Pearl River Delta and the corresponding measures to solve them.

I. Current Development Situation (1) Current Environmental Quality Situation (2) Gap between the Current Situation of the Pearl River Delta and the Indicators of Modernization (3) Analysis of Causes (4) Analysis of Development Trends II. Planning Objectives (1) General Objectives (2) Specific Objectives III. Tasks and Measures (1) Strictly Protecting Water Resources to Ensure the Safety of People's Life and Industrial and Agricultural Production (2) Deepening Comprehensive Improvement of the Urban Environment and Creation of a Good Habitat Environment ( (iii) Prevention and control of industrial pollution sources (iv) Strengthening the construction of natural ecosystems and striving to improve the general environment (v) Improving the environmental management system and raising the level of environmental management (vi) Expanding financing channels and increasing environmental protection inputs (vii) Guiding the development of environmental protection industries and establishing a green economic zone (viii) Relying on scientific and technological progress to promote environmental protection (ix) Strengthening environmental publicity and education, and raising the environmental awareness of the entire population Schedule: Pearl River Delta Take the lead in the basic realization of modernization of environmental protection major construction projects Table I. Development Status Under the leadership of the provincial party committee and the provincial government and the supervision and support of the provincial people's Congress, the Pearl River Delta governments at all levels and the relevant departments, especially the environmental protection departments at all levels, have done a lot of work, from the provincial government approved the implementation of the "Blue Water Project", "Blue Sky Project", "Blue Sky Project" and "Blue Sky Project", "Blue Sky Project", The launch of the "Blue Water Project" and the "Blue Sky Project" as a symbol of the comprehensive regional pollution remediation work, and the control of pollution sources with the goal of "one control and two standards" have made substantial progress, not only basically curbing the trend of environmental pollution development, so that the overall environmental quality has remained stable, but also has gradually improved. It has not only basically curbed the development trend of environmental pollution and stabilized the overall environmental quality, but also gradually improved the environmental quality of some cities and regions. However, on the whole, environmental pollution is still very serious, and it is gradually becoming or has already become the main factor restricting the sustainable development of the region, and the task of environmental protection is becoming more and more urgent and arduous. (I) Status of Environmental Quality 1. Air Environmental Quality Over the past five years, the trend of increasing soot-type air pollution in the Pearl River Delta has basically been brought under control. The results of the monitoring of the quality of the air environment in 2000 showed that the annual daily average values of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), total suspended particulate matter (TSP) and precipitation in the air of the cities in the Pearl River Delta were 0.033 mg/m3, 0.054 mg/m3, respectively, 0.130 mg/m3 , and 6.02 tons/km2 -month, all of which have decreased to different degrees compared with 1996. However, air pollution in the Pearl River Delta is still serious, developing from simple soot-type pollution to composite pollution, which is mainly caused by productive and consumer pollution, and motor vehicle exhaust-type air pollution characterized by excessive nitrogen oxides concentration is becoming more and more prominent. 7 out of the top 10 cities in Guangdong Province in terms of the composite pollution index of the 21 prefectural-level municipalities and Shunde City, ranked from the largest to the smallest, were situated in the Pearl River Delta in 2000. The air pollution in the Pearl River Delta region has been on the rise. Acid rain pollution is still quite serious, with the annual average value of precipitation pH in the region amounting to 4.84, of which the pH value of acid rain is still low, with an annual average value of 4.60, a frequency as high as 53%. In addition, the monitoring results of the cities show that the pollution of volatile organic compounds in the air is becoming more prominent, and the signs of photochemical pollution in individual cities appear from time to time. 2. water environment quality "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, sewage treatment capacity has been improved to a large extent, the deterioration of the region's water environment has been basically controlled, some of the serious pollution of the water quality of the river section of the water quality condition has been improving trend. 2000 the region's nine prefectural-level cities and Shunde City, the urban drinking water quality of the integrated pollution index averaged 0.30, a decrease of 12.6% compared with 1999. It was 12.6% lower than that of 1999. Among the 23 river sections in the region, 15, or 65.2%, had water quality that met the standard, which was an increase over the previous year. However, water environment pollution in the Pearl River Delta is still very serious, with inter-regional interactions and contradictions. The water quality of urban drinking water sources meets the standard at a low rate, and only Zhaoqing City in the region has all the annual average values of the monitoring indicators of drinking water quality; the problem of inter-regional pollution is prominent, and there are different degrees of inter-regional pollution between Shenzhen and Huizhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Foshan, Zhongshan and Zhuhai, etc.; the pollution of some of the river sections that flow through the cities is aggravated by the average value of the composite pollution index, which is 0.96, an increase of 4.9% compared with that in 1999. 4.9%, Shenzhen River, Jiangmen River, Pearl River Guangzhou section, Dongguan Canal, Zhuhai Qianshan River, Foshan Fenjiang River and other serious pollution. Near-shore sea water quality pollution should not be ignored. Area into the sea estuary offshore waters routinely monitor the city section are not in line with seawater class II standards, nitrogen, phosphorus pollution is serious, petroleum type of more than one exceeds the standard, organic pollution is serious, eutrophication intensified, so that the Pearl River Estuary waters of the red tide, the scope and frequency of the red tide increases year by year. 3. Acoustic environmental quality In recent years, Guangdong Province, urban ban on honking horns so that noise pollution has improved, but the problem is still very prominent. In the composition of regional noise sources, living sources of pollution account for 54.6%, becoming the main source of noise pollution, followed by transportation, accounting for 23.1%, and the problem of noise pollution from construction sites is also relatively prominent. The noise monitoring value of urban transportation arteries exceeds the standard generally. The larger sound intensity among all kinds of pollution sources is transportation, followed by industry and building construction. The most serious noise pollution in urban functional areas are Guangzhou and Shenzhen, with exceedance rates of 62.5% and 60.0% respectively; the most serious noise pollution in urban areas are Foshan and Shenzhen; and the most serious road traffic noise pollution is Shenzhen. 4. Solid Waste Industrial solid waste treatment rate, utilization rate increased significantly, but there are still a considerable amount of industrial waste has not been dealt with, and even some hazardous industrial solid waste can not be properly dealt with, in 2000, the region's untreated industrial waste amounted to 1,073,400 tons, including 2,647 tons of hazardous wastes; the number of domestic garbage growth rate is large, but with the matching collection, treatment facilities Insufficient, especially the lack of harmless treatment facilities; difficult to degrade foam lunch boxes and plastic plastic bags (commonly known as white trash) pollution is becoming more and more prominent; medical waste and hazardous wastes are not collected and disposed of safely enough. The total amount of solid waste that has not been properly disposed of is increasing year by year, polluting soil and groundwater and affecting people's production and living environment. 5. Ecological Environment After ten years of greening and the efforts made in recent years, there has been great development in ecological environmental protection and construction in the Pearl River Delta, and greening has been fully realized to meet the standards. However, while the forest cover has increased, cases of urban green space being swallowed up and planned green space being crowded out still occur from time to time. Moreover, the overall quality of forest ecosystems is poor, with a large number of young artificial forests in the initial fragile stage, a low proportion of Class I forests in ecological public welfare forests, and the average annual growth of forest trees is also lower than the national average. The area of nature reserves is on the low side, and the development of the types and regional distribution of nature reserves is very unbalanced, with most of them being forest ecosystems, concentrated in mountainous areas, and very few marine and coastal ecosystems and natural heritage ecosystem types. The phenomena of indiscriminate hunting and digging and mining are unceasingly prohibited, the number and types of wild animals and plants have plummeted, and biodiversity is seriously threatened. The agro-ecological environment is not optimistic, with livestock farming becoming increasingly polluted, the area of soil erosion increasing substantially, the intensity of pesticide application increasing year by year, and the level of fertilizer application higher than the national average, far exceeding the safety limit set by developed countries. (ii) Gap between the current situation in the Pearl River Delta and the indicators for achieving modernization From the results of the environmental statistics in 2000, there is still a big gap between the comprehensive environmental indicators of the cities in the Pearl River Delta and the requirements for achieving modernization, especially in Dongguan, where the task of meeting the requirements for modernized environmental indicators is very arduous. The indicators with a relatively large gap mainly include the centralized urban sewage treatment rate and the environmental protection investment index, both of which have not reached the standard value in any of the cities. Centralized urban sewage treatment rate of only Zhongshan City is close to 70%, the other cities are on the low side; environmental protection investment index shows that the environmental protection investment in the cities have not reached the required environmental improvement of the same period of GDP accounted for 3%. The rest of the indicators with big differences include the coverage rate of nature reserves and air environment quality, with five cities having a coverage rate of less than 10%, indicating that the construction of nature reserves needs to be further strengthened; the low compliance rate of motor vehicle exhaust, the high concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust, and the high number of traffic vehicles in the cities in the region are one of the reasons for the deviation of the quality of the air environment. (III) Analysis of the reasons 1. Environmental protection planning lacks legal status, and it is difficult to play a proper guiding role Environmental protection planning, as an important part of national economic and social development planning, should play an important guiding role in environmental protection work in the region. At present, the legal status of environmental protection planning is uncertain, and there is a lack of powerful weapons to ensure the implementation of environmental protection planning, which has not become the basis for all levels of government and departments to carry out environmental protection work. This is one of the main reasons for the irrational industrial layout, the blossoming of polluting enterprises and the serious lagging behind of urban environmental infrastructure in the Pearl River Delta region.