Potential Accident Hazards
Potential hazards are hidden scourges, i.e., things or disasters that are hidden from view and lurking dangerously.
Accident hidden danger, is a general reference to the production system can lead to accidents in the unsafe behavior of people, unsafe state of things and management defects.
Accident hazards are summarized into 21 categories: fire, explosion, poisoning and asphyxiation, water damage, collapse, landslide, leakage, corrosion, electrocution, fall, mechanical injuries, coal and gas protrusion, highway facility injuries, highway vehicle injuries, railroad facility injuries, railroad vehicle injuries, water transportation injuries, port terminal injuries, air transportation injuries, air terminal injuries, and other types of hazards, and so on.
In the enterprise safety inspection, pay attention to check the following more common accident potential hazards:
One, human unsafe behavior
There are mainly 11 categories, but also cause production safety accidents in the main direct cause of human.
1, ignoring safety, ignoring warnings, operating errors.
2, human-caused failure of safety devices.
3. Use of unsafe equipment.
4. Operating with hands instead of tools.
5, Improper storage of objects.
6, Venturing into dangerous places.
7, Climbing and sitting in unsafe positions.
8, interfering and distracting behavior.
9. Neglecting the use of individual labor protection equipment and appliances or failing to use them correctly.
10, unsafe attire.
11, contact with flammable, explosive and other dangerous substances and handling errors, etc..
Two, the safety state of things
There are four main categories, but also the main direct cause of production safety accidents in things.
1, protection, insurance, signaling and other devices are lacking or defective.
2, equipment, facilities, tools, accessories are defective.
3, the lack of labor protective equipment and appliances or defective.
4, production (construction) site operating environment is poor.
Three, management defects
There are mainly seven categories, but also the main indirect causes of production safety accidents in the management.
1, technical and design defects.
2, insufficient education and training in production safety.
3, unreasonable labor organization.
4, lack of inspection or incorrect guidance for on-site work.
5, there is no production safety management rules and regulations and safety operation procedures, or unsound.
6, no accident prevention and emergency response or unsound.
7, the accident hidden danger rectification is not effective, the funding is not realized.
Hazardous and harmful factors identification
Hazardous factors, refers to factors that can cause casualties to people or cause sudden damage to things; harmful factors, refers to factors that can affect people's health, lead to disease or things causing chronic damage. Usually, the two are not distinguished and collectively referred to as hazardous, harmful factors.
I, hazardous, harmful factors classification
The classification of hazardous, harmful factors is dangerous, harmful factors analysis and identification of the basis. There are many ways to classify dangerous and harmful factors, mainly the following two methods:
1 Classification of accidents and occupational hazards according to the direct cause of the accident
According to the "Classification of Dangerous and Hazardous Factors of the Production Process and the Code", the dangerous and harmful factors in the production process are divided into the following six categories:
(1) physical danger, harmful factors
1) Equipment and facility defects
Insufficient strength, rigidity, poor stability, poor sealing, stress concentration, shape defects, exposed moving parts, brake defects, and other defects in equipment and facilities.
2) protection defects
No protection, protection devices and facilities defects, improper protection, improper support, inadequate protection distance, other protection defects.
3) Electricity
Electrically charged parts exposed, leakage, lightning, static electricity, electric sparks, other electrical hazards.
4) noise
Mechanical noise, electromagnetic noise, hydrodynamic noise, other noise.
5) Vibration
Mechanical vibration, electromagnetic vibration, hydrodynamic vibration, other vibration.
6) Electromagnetic radiation
Ionizing radiation: X-rays, g-rays, a-particles, β-particles, protons, neutrons, high-energy electron beams, etc.; non-ionizing radiation: ultraviolet rays, lasers, radio-frequency radiation, ultra-high voltage electric fields.
7) Moving objects
Solid projectiles, liquid splashes, rebound objects, rock and soil sliding, material stack sliding, air flow scrolling, impact ground pressure, other moving object hazards.
8) Open fire
9) High-temperature substances capable of causing burns
High-temperature gases, high-temperature solids, high-temperature liquids, other high-temperature substances.
10) Cryogenic substances capable of causing frostbite
Cryogenic gases, cryogenic solids, cryogenic liquids, other cryogenic substances.
11) dust and aerosols
Excluding explosive and toxic dust and aerosols.
12) Poor operating environment
Operating environment chaos, foundation subsidence, safety aisle defects, poor lighting, harmful light, poor ventilation, lack of oxygen, poor air quality, poor water supply and drainage, gushing water, forced position, high temperature, low temperature, high air pressure, low air pressure, high temperature and high humidity, natural disasters, other poor operating environment.
13) Signal defects
No signaling facilities, improper signal selection, improper signal location, unclear signals, signal display is not allowed, other signal defects.
14) sign defects
No sign, sign is not clear, sign is not standardized, improper selection of signs, sign location defects, other sign defects.
15) other physical hazards and harmful factors
(2) chemical hazards, harmful factors
1) flammable and explosive substances
flammable and explosive gases, flammable and explosive liquids, flammable and explosive solids, flammable and explosive dust and aerosols, and other flammable and explosive substances.
2) spontaneous combustion of substances
3) toxic substances
toxic gases, toxic liquids, toxic solids, toxic dust and aerosols, other toxic substances.
4) corrosive substances
corrosive gases, corrosive liquids, corrosive solids, other corrosive substances.
5) Other chemical hazards and harmful factors
(3) Biological hazards and harmful factors
1) Disease-causing microorganisms
Bacteria, viruses, other disease-causing microorganisms.
2) Vectors of infectious diseases
3) Pestiferous animals
4) Pestiferous plants
5) Other biological hazards, harmful factors
(4) Psychological and physiological hazards, harmful factors
1) Load overruns
Physical load overruns, hearing load overruns, visual load overruns, and other load overload.
2) Abnormal health condition
3) Engaging in prohibited work
4) Psychological abnormality
Emotional abnormality, risk-taking mentality, excessive tension, and other psychological abnormalities.
5) Defects in discriminative function
Delays in perception, errors in discrimination, other defects in discriminative function.
6) Other psychological and physiological hazards and harmful factors
(5) Behavioral hazards and harmful factors
1) Command errors
Command errors, command violations, other command errors.
2) Operational errors
Misoperation, illegal operation, other operational errors.
3) Supervisory errors
4) Other errors
5) Other behavioral hazards and harmful factors