Format of the opening report and how to write a dissertation opening report
College life is about to come to an end, everyone is seriously doing the graduation design, and before we do the graduation design instructor will ask to write the opening report, come to refer to their own need for the opening report! The following is the format of the opening report and how to write a dissertation opening report that I have organized for you, welcome to learn and reference, I hope it will help you.
Format of the opening report and how to write a dissertation opening report
The background of the subject research.
The so-called background of the subject, mainly refers to why the subject should be researched, so some subjects simply call this part of the problem raised, meaning why the problem, or raise the subject. For example, I have guided a study on Lunjiao culture, the background description part is that in the wave of reform and opening up, Lunjiao, as a corner of the Pearl River Delta, in the rapid development of the economy at the same time, how is the development of her culture, what are the achievements, what is the impact on the residents, and what are the things that need to be improved. Of course, there are many other contents narrated in the background, which can be both social and natural backgrounds. It's all about what we've identified as the topic.
What the topic is about.
The content of the subject study, as the name suggests, is what our subject is to study. For example, my school Huang Shu teacher's guidance of the subject of Foshan new eight scenes, the subject of the content of the research is: Foshan new eight scenes as the focus of the study of Foshan's historical and cultural precipitation of yesterday, today, tomorrow, Foshan, the trend of economic development, the preparation of the development of a new Foshan, the new eight scenes, the new image of the feasibility of the development of the cultural tourism report and development programs.
The purpose and significance of the subject research.
The purpose of the subject of research, should be recounted in this research in the situation they want to achieve or want to get the fruit. For example, our school Ye Shaozhen teacher guidance to retrace the Long March research project, in its research objectives in the column is such a narrative:
1, through the reproduction of the Long March journey, remember the great achievements of the Red Army soldiers, the Long March profile, the Long March encountered what difficulties and obstacles, what is the spirit of the Long March, have a deeper understanding and feelings.
2. Through the division of labor, communication, display and explanation among students in the group, we can cultivate the spirit of cooperation and participation and the ability of self-presentation.
3, through this activity, the students of information technology to improve, and further improve information literacy.
Methodology of the subject research.
In the part of the method of subject research, it should be put forward the doorway or program, etc. of the subject group on solving the problems of the subject. Generally speaking, the research study of the subject of research methods are: field investigation and investigation method (through the organization of students to the premises under study field investigation, so as to come up with the theory of the method), questionnaire method (according to the subject of the situation and their own to understand the content of the set up of some questions, in the form of questionnaires to the relevant people to investigate the method), the character of the interview method (interviews with the relevant people directly to grasp the method of first-hand material), literature method (direct interviews with the relevant people to grasp the method of first-hand material) ), literature method (by consulting all kinds of information, charts and graphs, etc., analyze, compare and arrive at the theory) and so on. In the subject of research, should be based on the actual situation of their own subject research methods, not necessarily all, as long as practical on the line.
Steps in research.
The steps of the subject of research, of course, that is to say that the subject is prepared to go through which steps of the program to achieve the purpose of the study. So in this section should focus on the question of how many steps you want to accomplish your project. Generally speaking, the basic steps of the subject of research are the following: preparation stage, access to information stage, fieldwork stage, questionnaire stage, interview stage, the analysis of the data stage, the total of the subject and the stage of reflection, and so on.
Subjects involved in personnel and organizational division of labor.
This belongs to the management of the subject of research, but can not be ignored. Because the management is not in place, students can not be clear about their responsibilities, sometimes they will be lazy or shirking each other, and sometimes do duplication of labor. Therefore the organizational division of labor among the subject participants is indispensable. It is best to divide all the students involved in the study into several groups, and each group elects a group leader through democratic election, who is responsible for the assignment and implementation of the group's tasks. Then according to the situation of this topic, the relevant research tasks are divided into several major parts, and one group is responsible for one part. Finally, the team leader will organize the staff to summarize and organize.
Estimation of funding for the subject.
A topic to be carried out, it is inevitable that some funds to start, so the last should also be a rough estimate of the subject of how much money is needed, such as how much money needed to collect information, field research out of the funds, the questionnaire printing and distribution of the cost of the subject group to take up the cost of the site, and some of the subjects need to buy some related materials, the question of the report and other information printing costs and so on. Some subjects also need to buy some related materials, and the printing cost of the report and other materials, etc. As the saying goes, before the army moves, food and fodder first, without sufficient funds as a backing, the subject research is bound to struggle, stretched to the limit, or even abandoned halfway. Therefore, the subject of the funding must also be in the beginning of the subject on the estimated, rainy day, in order to really make the subject of the research to the best.
How to write an opening report
(1) the issue of attention to the "level"
Selection of the topic is the first step in writing an academic paper, the selection of the topic is appropriate, is directly related to the quality of the paper, and even related to the success of the paper or not. Unlike policy research reports, academic articles focus on theoretical aspects and solve theoretical problems. Some students do not choose new topics, the content is not innovative, but only a summary of the previous work, or a repetition of the previous work. When choosing a topic, students should adhere to the principles of advancement, scientificity, practicability and feasibility. In the formulation of the problem, to "insiders" understand the terminology and clear logic to express. Selection of sources include:
1, and their actual work or scientific research related to the more familiar issues;
2, they are engaged in the rapid development of a professional problem, the need for comprehensive evaluation;
3, from the mastery of a large number of literature to choose to reflect the new theory of the discipline, new technologies or new trends in the topic.
The selected topic should not be too large, the more specific the easier to collect information from a side, easy to go deeper.
(2) aim at mainstream literature, ready to organize
Literature is the basis for writing a good academic paper, the more literature, the better to write, select the literature should be selected from the core journals of the discipline, classic works, etc., pay attention to the selection of literature representative of the reliability and scientific; selection of literature should be looked at first in the near future (the last 3 to 5 years), and then look at the distant future, extensive reading of the information, and when necessary, should also find the literature on the subject, the literature, the literature, the literature, the literature, the literature, the literature, the literature, the literature, the literature, the literature, the literature, the literature, the literature and the literature. If necessary, we should also find the relevant literature cited. The original reading, in the reading, pay attention to do a good job of reading cards or reading notes.
When organizing the information, pay attention to the problem to organize the literature, write a literature review is not to read the information are listed and stated, but in accordance with certain ideas will be distilled. Only in this way, can write a good literature review, can also write a good thesis statement, and then write a good thesis to lay the foundation.
(3) research objectives specific and not rigid
General dissertation opening report are required to clarify the research objectives of the dissertation, but the author believes that the research objectives should not be stipulated too rigid, this is because, even if the conditions are certain, the goal is high or low, it is often difficult to accurately determine the research itself, involving the knowledge-seeking factors, the conditions of each laboratory are different, the specific research is different. The research work itself involves knowledge-seeking factors, different conditions in each laboratory, and different conditions for specific research. Dissertation topics and research objectives reflect the value of the research work.
Specific steps
First, how to choose the problem
I am haunted by a question that my supervisor, Prof. Xue Lan, repeatedly asked me during the year of writing the opening report of my doctoral dissertation: "What is your puzzle? puzzle is?" How many times I answered without thinking, "My question is why China's semiconductor industry cannot develop." Mr. Xue's question with its characteristic savings, laughs and does not answer. I was both annoyed and chagrined in my mind: such a simple reason, such an obvious answer, where in the end is wrong?
The mystery lies in the "level" of the question. Unlike policy research reports, academic articles gather the theoretical level and solve theoretical problems. Theory is a logical system constructed from a series of presuppositions and terms. Theories in specific fields have their own specific concepts, categories and research paradigms. Only under the same concepts, perspectives and paradigms can theories be dialogued; only through dialog can theories be developed. Very few master's and doctoral dissertations are creating new theories; it would certainly be best to do so, but it is very difficult. Most of us build on existing theories, and therefore formulate our questions in terms that "insiders" understand and with clear logic. Examination of my initial question "why China's semiconductor industry is not developed", which is only an inquiry into the phenomenon, rather than a theoretical proposition to be proven. My theoretical proposition is: "Is China's industrial policy process an elite-driven *** intellectual process?" In this proposition, the terms "policy process", "elite politics", and "*** knowledge claims" outline the broad theoretical scope and perspective of the study.
How to state the problem
Stating the problem is essentially the process of crystallizing the core ideas. Views should come from thinking about and summarizing real-world problems, not from "cutting the feet to fit the shoes" in order to apply theories. China's political, economic and social development is full of dynamic and rich scenes, how can we use appropriate terminology and accurate logic to express it? Ambitious beginners often put forward grandiose concepts or frameworks, but my advice is to narrow the scope of the study as much as possible, clear research object, so as to clarify the object of the memory logic, to ensure that in the limited time to complete the specification of the academic paper. For example, "China's semiconductor industry policy research" is a very vague statement, we can shrink the topic from several aspects:
( 1 ) time: from 1980 to 2000;
( 2 ) object: the government insurgents and decision-making behaviors, rather than the market, business, governance structure, etc.;
( 2 ) object: government insurgents and decision-making behaviors, rather than the market, business, governance structure, etc. )
( 3 ) Perspective: elite studies in politics and government theory;
( 4 ) Cases: Project 908, Project 909, Document 13, and Electronic Revitalization, two major projects and two important documents that took place in the field of semiconductor policy in the period 1980-2000. With such a clear definition, we focus our attention on the obvious concepts of "policy process", "elite", and "*** knowledge", and the problem will be solved. At the same time, the problem is clear, we in the screening of information and data will have a clear standard, in this "information redundancy" era, can greatly improve the efficiency of research.
How to do a literature review
First of all, we need to distinguish "literature review" from "background description". We need to understand the background and ins and outs of the problem when choosing a research question, such as "the development history of China's semiconductor industry", "foreign government policies and problems in the development of the semiconductor industry" and so on, which belong to the "background description". "Background description", focusing on the reality of the problem, strictly speaking, not "literature review", focusing on the reality of the problem, strictly speaking, not "literature review". "Literature review" is the organization of academic views and theoretical approaches. Second, the literature review is critical (review means "review"), so with the author's own critical thinking (critical thinking) to summarize and comment on the literature, rather than just a "pile" of academic research in related fields. "The main line of the review should follow the question. The main thread of the review should follow the question, i.e., how do other scholars view and address the question you have posed, and are there any flaws in their methods and theories? If other scholars have already solved the problem you raised perfectly, then there is no need to repeat the research.
In general, it can be divided into three steps:
The first step is to define a "scope of interest", such as the semiconductor industry, the information industry, rural health care, higher education system, etc., and browse through relevant media reports, government literature and academic articles to find one of them.
The second step is to summarize the theoretical perspectives and tools used by previous researchers to analyze the issues and hotspots, such as the public finance perspective and the social conflict paradigm.
The third step is to examine the researchability of the problem, that is, our own research space and the feasibility of research. For example, are Western theories unable to explain the problems in China? Or can the same problem be explained by different theories? Or are there flaws in the premise assumptions and logical deduction of the theories themselves? By answering these questions, we find the foothold of our research. However, it is also important to note whether it is possible to complete our research within the one to two year timeframe? Is it feasible to obtain the information? And so on.
Opening report subject
This is a new style of applied writing, this genre of text is with the modern scientific activities to enhance the planning and scientific research to select the need for procedural management came into being. The opening report is the topic selected by the subject of their own choice of the subject of the general (i.e., "opening report content"), to the relevant experts, scholars, scientific and technological personnel to make a statement. Then by them on the scientific research topics for comment. The "Delphi method" can also be used to score; and then by the scientific research management department to synthesize the comments, to determine whether to approve this topic. The opening report as a thesis defense committee of the student defense qualifications based on one of the materials.
Format of the thesis report
The basic content of the thesis report and its order: the purpose and significance of the dissertation; an overview of domestic and international research; the dissertation to be studied to solve the main thesis proposed to write the main content (outline); the dissertation plan progress; other.
Content writing
The contents of the opening report generally include: the title, the thesis basis (the purpose and significance of the thesis topic, the current status of research at home and abroad), the research program (research objectives, research content, research methodology, the research process, to solve the key problems and innovation points), analysis of the conditions (instrumentation, collaborative units and division of labor, staffing) and so on.
1, the title of the thesis is a high degree of generalization of the central idea, the requirements:
① accurate, standardized. To accurately summarize the research problem, reflecting the depth and breadth of the study, reflecting the nature of the study, reflecting the basic requirements of experimental research - dealing with factors, subjects and experimental effects. The use of words and sentences should be scientific and standardized.
② concise. To be expressed in as few words as possible, generally no more than 20 Chinese characters.
2, thesis based on the opening report to consider:
① purpose and significance of the topic, that is, to answer the question of why the study, explain the value of the study and the need for background. Generally talk about the need for reality - the existence of problems derived from the practical significance of the study, and then talk about the theoretical and academic value, the requirements of specific, objective, and targeted, focusing on the basis of data analysis, focusing on the times, the need for regional or unit development, avoid empty and meaningless slogans.
② the status of research at home and abroad, that is, the literature review, to review the literature as a prerequisite, the literature reviewed should be relevant to the research problem, but can not be too limited. Nothing to do with the problem is dispersed; too limited and contrary to the principle of cross-disciplinary, penetration, so that the narrow field of vision, thinking stifled. The so-called synthesis of the "synthesis" that is, synthesize, synthesize a discipline in a certain period of time in the field of research profile; "statement" is not more of a narrative, but a review and comment, that is, to have the author's own unique insights. To focus on analyzing the research, good at identifying problems, highlighting the location of the selected topic in the current research, advantages and breakthroughs; to abandon bias, do not cite the tutor and my point of view contrary to the views of an obvious mistake. The object of the synthesis, in addition to the views, can also be materials and methods, etc..
In addition, the main references cited in the literature review should be recorded, on the one hand, can reflect the true basis of the author's thesis, on the other hand, it is also a respect for the creative labor of the original author.
3, the research program should be considered in the opening report:
① The process of research. The entire research in time and order of the arrangement, to be carried out in stages, the starting and ending time of each stage, the corresponding research content and results should be clearly defined, and can not be interrupted between stages to ensure the continuity of the research process.
② key issues to be addressed. The most important and fundamental key difficulties and problems may be encountered to have accurate, scientific estimates and judgment, and take feasible solutions and measures.
Condition analysis highlights the advantages of instrumentation and other material conditions. Clearly collaborative units and division of labor, the division of labor should be reasonable, clear respective work and responsibilities, while paying attention to the close cooperation of all personnel. Advocating the establishment of a tutor group, the selection of tutor group members to take full account of the actual needs of the knowledge structure based on the complementary.
How to write the source of the topic of the opening report
Because the topic is the problem we are going to solve, the problem is being explored, is beginning to study, so there can not be a conclusive tone. A topic name is accurate and appropriate directly affect the image and quality of the subject. Then how to get the name of the subject?
First, the name of the subject should be accurate
Accurate is the name of the subject to the subject of what is the problem of research, what is the object of the research is clearly explained.
For example, there is a subject name called "vocational school students learning ability and development ability of research", which is the object of research is vocational school students, the study of the problem is the learning ability and development ability.
Sometimes the research method is also written out, such as "experimental research on teaching methods in vocational education", which is the object of research is vocational education, the research problem is the teaching method, the main method of research is experimental research, which is very clear, others will know at a glance that the subject is what the research. In short, the name of the subject must be consistent with the content of the study, to accurately summarize the object of your research, the problem.
Second, the name of the subject should be standardized
standardized is the use of words, sentence type to standardize, scientific, plausible words can not be used, slogan, conclusion type of sentence type do not use.
Third, the name of the subject should be concise (generally not more than 20 words)
Set the name of the subject, the next step is to take action, the first step of the action is to do the opening of the scientific research project report.
How to write the opening report
The opening report is also called the subject of the research program, which mainly explains the subject should be studied, they have the conditions to carry out research and how to prepare for the study and other issues, but also can be said to be the subject of the argument and design.
What is the significance of writing an opening report?
Through the opening report thinking and writing can help us clearly understand why we want to do this topic? What do you want to do? What do you want to get? How to do it? Can we achieve our desired goals? More importantly, this work plan can become our future research work, "words without text, its line is not far", with the opening report, it can be used as a temporary guide to the launch of the subject research work, we can avoid starting; or research for some time, think there is a bias, it can be used as an important basis for the revision of the subject! Can be used as an important basis for the revision of the subject. So it is very important to say that the opening report on a research project can be carried out successfully.
A perfect research program generally includes the following parts:
1, the name of the subject
2, the background of the subject and the main problems to be solved
3, domestic and international analysis of the status of the same research area and trends, the subject and the connection and difference
4, the practical significance of the subject and the theoretical value of the research
4, the practical significance of the subject and the theoretical value of the subject
4, the practical significance of the subject and the theoretical value of the subject
5, the feasibility of completing the research
6, the definition of the subject and supporting theories
7, the research objectives, content, process, methodology design
8, to complete the task of the research of the subject of the safeguards
9, the expected results of the research
I. Background of the subject and the main problems to be solved
I.
The background of the subject mainly refers to the specific background of the times, to answer the question of why the subject of the research, the subject of the research is based on what, inspired by what is determined. Generally from the perspective of practical needs to discuss. For example, the state, the Ministry of Education recently introduced policies and regulations, the development of the times, social progress, the development of science and technology on education and teaching put forward what new requirements; existing school education, subject teaching problems and gaps. For example, the operational research of teaching design under the concept of the new curriculum, the background of this topic is mainly from two aspects: first, the call of the new curriculum concept, and second, the "blind spot" in the implementation of the new curriculum. Because of the problems between the new curriculum concept and teachers' classroom teaching design, there is this topic.
Because of the new requirements, new standards, new policies, new ideas and the reality of the problem, the subject of research is to run to the problem, for the solution of the problem and research. The problem is the fulcrum of educational research. The main problems to be solved by the subject research should be targeted and operable, which is the vitality of the subject research. The solution to the important issues and the background of the proposed inevitable, according to the connection, can not be separated or empty.
Second, the history and current status of domestic and international research on this topic, the subject and its links and differences
This part of the content of the elaboration of the literature must be used to study the methodology, through the review of information, search to find domestic and foreign similar to or boundaries of the same topic of the study of the history of the current situation and trends.
Historical background: in chronological order, a brief description of the ins and outs of the subject, focusing on the subject of the previous research has not? What aspects have been studied? What results have been achieved? Are the views expressed in these research results consistent? If there are differences, what are they? What are the shortcomings, through historical comparison, explaining the level of research at various stages.
Review of the current situation, focusing on the current research status of the subject at home and abroad, focusing on the subject of the current focus of the debate, comparing the similarities and differences between the various views, the subject of the links and differences, and strive to show their own subject research personality and characteristics. This part of the content should strive to be appropriate, and strive to reflect the value of their own research.
The development of the direction of the content: through vertical (to) horizontal (to) comparison, the subject of the current domestic and international research level, point out the problems that exist, put forward the possible development trend, point out the direction of the research, and put forward possible solutions.
Third, the practical significance of the subject research and theoretical value
The practical significance, pointing to the operational level, that is, through the subject research on the school, teachers, students, the sustainable development of what to promote, what are the benefits in the specific practice of education and teaching. It is articulated through the hypothetical relationship, outlining the practical effects that may or must be produced through the research.
Primary and secondary education research is more oriented to the application of research and development research, the value of academic research in theory may be relatively scarce, but it can not be denied that, through the research, may have achieved a related theory of the refinement and supplementation of the theory of the specific elaboration and enrichment of the theory, and perhaps also produce a new connotation of the practical theory. This part of the content has to write, not to be exempted.
Fourth, the completion of the feasibility of the subject analysis
Feasibility, that is, the implementation of the research topic, refers to the subject of the study of the conditions required to have, such as the study of the information required, experimental equipment, research funds, the level of knowledge and skills of the students and the researcher's academic qualifications, ability to learn, research ability and research experience, and so on. Availability. It is constructed on advanced concepts, scientific design, solid foundation, etc. In a word, it is to illustrate from a number of aspects of the research on this topic, we have the strength, ability and potential to complete.
Fifth, the subject definition and supporting theory
Definition is defined, the subject definition, that is, the interpretation of the subject, the core concept of the subject. The use of inductive and deductive methods, citing educational theory, integration of knowledge of the literature, etc., in the form of subparagraphs or title statement to determine the concept and its connotation and extension of the subject of the object of study, scope, method, extracted from the essence of the attributes were given to the generalization, and ultimately the formation of the entire scientific definition of the name of the research topic.
Such as: in the "cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability strategy research" in this subject, the subject is defined as:
The research of this subject is centered on the core issues of educational reform and development, the use of psychology, pedagogy, sociology theory and knowledge, and actively explore and study the cultivation of students' innovative spirit and practical ability of the way, method, means and school environment, etc.
The spirit of innovation refers to the comprehensive, positive and stable creative psychological quality of human beings, which is a kind of spirit of actively seeking for new things instead of sticking to the old ways when people recognize the world and transform the world, and it is the implicit motivation to drive outwardly innovative behaviors. All innovative activities of human beings are based on the spirit of innovation, and without the spirit of creativity, there is no innovative activities of human beings. Therefore, the spirit of human innovation is the fundamental driving force and soul of innovative activities.
Practical ability refers to people's ability to use theoretical knowledge, operation, analysis and problem solving.
The supporting theory is also the theoretical basis of the subject research. Theory supports action, scientific theory is the guarantee of scientific research. For example: we have to carry out experimental research on activity classes, it is necessary to curriculum theory, learning psychology theory, educational psychology theory as the theoretical basis for research experiments; experimental research on the innovation of educational models, it is necessary to teaching theory, educational experimental theory as the theoretical basis.
Six, the subject of the research objectives
The subject of the research objectives is to achieve the specific purpose of the final subject, to solve which specific problems, that is, the subject of the research to achieve the intended goal: relative to the purpose, the research objectives are broken down, more specific. Only clear and specific objectives, in order to know what the specific direction of the work, only to know what the focus of the study, the idea will not be interfered with by various factors.
Seven, the content of the research
The content of the research is the main body of the research program, is the subject of the research objectives of the landing point, the content of the research should be consistent with the subject, and the objectives correspond to the specific answer to the study of what the problem is, the problem of which aspects. To strive to find from the connotation and extension of the subject, closely centered on the definition of the subject to choose the research content. It requires the research content proposed by the subject to be further refined into a number of small issues, but also in the subject of the establishment of sub-topics under the broad framework.
Eight, the subject of the research method
The research method is to complete the research task to achieve the purpose of the research procedures, ways, means or operating rules, which specifically reflects the "with what to do". The research method is subordinate to the purpose of the research, but also by the nature of the specific research object, the characteristics of the constraints. In the specific design of the program, according to the time period of the research content of different methods, as far as possible, write how to use this method and what to do with this method. Commonly used research methods are: observation method, experimental method, survey method, literature method, empirical summary method, case study method, action research method, comparative method, anatomical sparrow method and so on. Such as to study the current situation of students' practical ability must be inseparable from the survey method; to study the problem of family students' educational countermeasures can be used case method and so on. This part of the subject is the main body of the program design, the subject of whether the research is valuable, the objectives and tasks of how to get the implementation of the research, in this part should be given a glimpse of the feeling.
Nine, the process of research
The research process that is the subject of research steps, that is, the subject of research in time and order of arrangement. Generally divided into three stages: pre-preparation stage, mid-implementation stage, late summary stage. Each stage has a clear time to set, from what time to start, to what time to the end of the provisions, to have detailed research content arrangements, specific objectives to implement, so as to ensure that the research process is tightly interlocked, organized, step by step.
Tenth, the subject of research safeguards
Safeguards generally refers to the organizational guarantee: the establishment of the subject group, a sound research institutions, so that the research task, time, personnel, three implementations; system to ensure that: the development of the subject of the management regulations, standardized learning, research system, to incentives for leverage, activate the enthusiasm of teachers to research; financial guarantee: The establishment of special funding for research, to ensure that the research process related books, the necessary equipment and go out to study, carry out activities such as the source of funding; technology to ensure that: the hiring of experts to serve as consultants, selecting the backbone of the training outside the organization to go out to visit the study, etc.; the subject of the research and the work of the school in coordination: to achieve the teaching of scientific research, scientific research and teaching, so that the school teaching and education and scientific research to synchronize the development of education and research, **** with the enhancement of
XI, the results of the subject of the form of research
The subject of the research to be achieved in the form of what the stage of the research results and final research results. There are many forms, such as survey reports, experimental reports, research reports, papers, summaries of experience, survey scales, test scales, microcomputer software, teaching design, videotape, etc., of which the survey report, research report, thesis is the subject of the most important form of expression of the results of research. Different topics, the content of research results, the form is not the same, but no matter what the form is, the subject of research must have results, otherwise, the subject of research will lose the meaning of research
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