What are the basic requirements for the storage of hazardous chemicals?
(1) Basic requirements for storage of hazardous chemicals
1. Storage requirements
(1) Hazardous chemicals must be stored in places that have been reviewed by the economic and trade management department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government or the department responsible for the comprehensive safety supervision and management of hazardous chemicals of the districted municipal people's government. In an approved hazardous chemicals warehouse. No hazardous chemical storage warehouses may be set up without approval. The storage of hazardous chemicals must comply with national laws, regulations and other relevant regulations.
(2) Article 22 of the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" requires that hazardous chemicals must be stored in special warehouses, special sites or special storage rooms (hereinafter collectively referred to as special warehouses). , methods and storage quantities must comply with national standards and be managed by dedicated personnel.
(3) Article 22 of the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" stipulates: Highly toxic chemicals and other hazardous chemicals whose storage quantities constitute major sources of danger must be stored separately in special warehouses. Double-person sending and receiving, double-person custody system. The storage unit shall report the quantity, location and management personnel of highly toxic chemicals and other hazardous chemicals that constitute major hazard sources to the local public security department and the department responsible for the comprehensive safety supervision and management of hazardous chemicals for record.
(4) Article 23 of the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" stipulates: Special warehouses for hazardous chemicals shall comply with national standards for safety and fire protection and have clear signs. The storage equipment and safety facilities of special warehouses for hazardous chemicals should be tested regularly.
The "General Principles for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods" (GB15603--1995) stipulates that stored hazardous chemicals should be clearly marked, and the signs should comply with the regulations of GB13690--1992. When two or more hazardous chemicals of different levels are stored in the same area, the performance label of the highest level of hazardous chemicals should be followed.
(5) Article 48 of the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" stipulates: Hazardous chemical production and storage enterprises and enterprises that use highly toxic chemicals and other hazardous chemicals whose quantities constitute major sources of danger. An entity shall register hazardous chemicals with the agency responsible for the registration of hazardous chemicals of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Administration Department of the State Council.
(6) "General Principles for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods" (GB15603--1995) stipulates that warehouses storing hazardous chemicals must be equipped with technical personnel with professional knowledge, and their warehouses and locations should be managed by dedicated personnel. Managers must be equipped with reliable personal safety protective equipment.
(7) The open-air stacking of hazardous chemicals should comply with fire and explosion-proof safety requirements. Explosives, first-level flammable items, items that burn when wet, and highly toxic items are not allowed to be stacked in the open.
(8) Storage method: In accordance with GB15603--1995, implement isolated storage, separated storage, and separate storage according to the characteristics of hazardous chemicals.
Dangerous goods are partitioned, classified, and stored in separate warehouses according to their performance.
(9) Various types of dangerous goods must not be mixed and stored with prohibited materials, and hazardous chemicals with different fire extinguishing methods cannot be stored in the same warehouse. (See the appendix GB18265--2000 for the configuration of prohibited materials)
(10) Smoking and the use of open flames are strictly prohibited in buildings and areas where hazardous chemicals are stored.
(11) Article 50 of the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" clarifies: Hazardous chemical units shall formulate their own accident emergency rescue plans and equip them with emergency rescue personnel and necessary emergency rescue equipment and equipment. And organize drills regularly.
Emergency rescue plans for hazardous chemicals accidents shall be reported to the department responsible for the comprehensive safety supervision and management of hazardous chemicals under the districted municipal people's government for record.
2. Storage arrangements and storage limits
(1) Storage arrangements for hazardous chemicals depend on the classification, division, container type, storage method and fire protection requirements of hazardous chemicals.
(2) Fire, heat, and moisture can cause combustion, explosion, or chemical reaction. The resulting hazardous chemicals must not be stored in the open air or in humid or water-filled buildings.
(3) Hazardous chemicals that can undergo chemical reactions when exposed to sunlight, causing combustion, explosion, decomposition, combination or production, should be stored in first-class buildings, and their packaging should be protected from light.
(4) Explosives are not allowed to be stored together with other items and must be stored separately and in limited quantities.
(5) Compressed gases and liquefied gases must be stored in isolation from explosives, oxidants, flammable items, self-igniting items, and corrosive items. Flammable gases must not be stored together with combustion-supporting gases and highly toxic gases; oxygen must not be mixed with grease and oil, and containers containing liquefied gases must have pressure gauges, safety valves, and emergency shut-off devices, and be inspected regularly, and must not be overloaded.
(6) Flammable liquids, wet flammable items, and flammable solids must not be mixed and stored with oxidants, and reducing oxidants should be stored separately.
(7) Toxic substances should be stored in a cool, ventilated, and dry place. Do not store them in the open air or near acids.
(8) Corrosive items must be packed tightly, no leakage is allowed, and storage with liquefied gases and other items is strictly prohibited.
3. Maintenance of hazardous chemicals
(1) When hazardous chemicals are put into storage, the quality, quantity, packaging condition and leakage of the goods should be strictly inspected.
(2) After hazardous chemicals are put into storage, appropriate maintenance measures should be taken according to the characteristics of the goods, regular inspections should be carried out during the storage period, double inspection should be carried out, and inspection records should be kept. If quality changes, packaging damage, leakage, stabilizer shortage, etc. are found, they should be dealt with promptly.
(3) The temperature and humidity of the warehouse should be strictly controlled, checked frequently, and adjustments should be made in a timely manner if any changes are found.
4． Management of entry and exit of hazardous chemicals
(1) Warehouses storing hazardous chemicals must establish a strict entry and exit management system.
Article 22 of the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" clearly stipulates that hazardous chemicals entering and exiting the warehouse must be verified and registered. Stockpiles of hazardous chemicals should be inspected regularly.
Article 19 of the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" stipulates: Units that produce, store, and use highly toxic chemicals shall truthfully record the production, flow, storage volume, and use of highly toxic chemicals. And take necessary security measures to prevent highly toxic chemicals from being stolen, lost, missold, or misused; when highly toxic chemicals are discovered to be stolen, lost, missold, or misused, they must be reported immediately to the local public security department.
(2) Hazardous chemicals should be inspected, accepted and registered according to the contract before entering and leaving the warehouse. The inspection and acceptance contents include:
①Quantity of goods
②Packaging in accordance with The "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" stipulates that the packaging of hazardous chemicals must comply with national laws, regulations, rules and national standards.
The material, type, specification, method and unit mass (weight) of hazardous chemicals packaging should be compatible with the nature and purpose of the packaged hazardous chemicals and facilitate loading, unloading, transportation and storage.
Packaging and containers of hazardous chemicals must be produced by designated professional production enterprises that have passed the examination and approval of the economic and trade management departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and must undergo professional testing and inspection approved by the quality inspection department of the State Council. It can be used only after passing the inspection and testing by the institution.
Reusable hazardous chemical packaging and containers should be inspected and recorded before use; inspection records should be kept for at least 2 years.
③Hazard signs (including safety technical instructions and safety labels)
Only after verification can the goods be put into or out of the warehouse. When the nature of the goods is not clear, they are not allowed to be put into the warehouse.
(3) Personnel, motor vehicles and operating vehicles entering hazardous chemical storage areas must take fire prevention measures.
Motor vehicles entering hazardous chemical storage areas should be equipped with fireproof covers. After loading and unloading, motor vehicles are not allowed to be parked or repaired in the storage area, warehouse, or cargo yard.
Cars and tractors are not allowed to enter the warehouse of flammable and explosive items.
Battery trucks and forklifts entering the warehouse for flammable and explosive items should be explosion-proof; battery trucks and forklifts entering the warehouse for flammable solid items should be equipped with safety devices to prevent sparks from splashing.
(4) When loading, unloading, and transporting hazardous chemicals, relevant regulations should be followed, and loading and unloading should be done lightly. It is strictly prohibited to drop, bump, bump, drag, dump and roll.
(5) When loading and unloading items that are toxic and corrosive to the human body, operators should wear appropriate protective equipment according to dangerous conditions.
Personnel loading and unloading drugs should have general knowledge of handling drugs. Handle it with care during operation, and do not collide or invert it to prevent damaged packaging from spilling. Operators should wear gloves, corresponding gas masks or masks, and protective clothing.
You are not allowed to eat or drink during work, and you are not allowed to wipe your mouth, face, or eyes with your hands. After each operation, you should wash your face and hands with soap (or special detergent) in time, and rinse your mouth with water. Protective equipment should be cleaned in time and stored together.
Personnel loading and unloading corrosive products should wear work clothes, goggles, rubber gloves, rubber aprons and other necessary protective equipment. During operation, it should be handled with care, and it is strictly prohibited to carry it on the shoulders to prevent friction, vibration and impact.
(6) When loading and unloading flammable and explosive materials, loading and unloading personnel should wear work clothes, gloves, masks and other necessary protective equipment, and handle with care to prevent friction and impact during operation.
Wear this when loading and unloading flammable liquids. Shoes with iron spikes are prohibited. Large buckets must not roll on concrete floors. Barrels of various oxidants must not be rolled on the cement floor.
Do not use machines or tools that are contaminated with foreign matter or can produce sparks during any operation. The work site must be kept away from heat and fire sources.
(7) The packaging, modification, unpacking (barrel) inspection, etc. of various hazardous chemicals should be carried out outside the warehouse.
(8) Materials that are taboo to each other shall not be transported in the same vehicle. Including moving inside the warehouse.
(9) When operating various hazardous chemicals, enterprises should prepare corresponding first-aid drugs and formulate first-aid plans based on the properties of various hazardous chemicals in their operating stores and warehouses.
5. Fire-fighting measures
(1) According to the characteristics of hazardous chemicals and warehouse conditions, corresponding fire-fighting equipment, facilities and fire-extinguishing agents must be configured. And equipped with trained part-time or full-time fire fighters.
Hazardous chemical warehouses should be set up according to the size of the business and equipped with sufficient fire-fighting facilities and equipment. There should be fire-fighting pools, fire-fighting pipe networks, fire hydrants and other fire-fighting water source facilities. Large hazardous materials warehouses should have a full-time fire brigade and be equipped with fire trucks. Fire-fighting equipment should be installed in an obvious and easily accessible location, and no objects or debris are allowed to be placed around it. The fire protection facilities and equipment in the warehouse should be managed by dedicated personnel who are responsible for inspection, maintenance, updating and addition to ensure that they are intact and effective. It is strictly prohibited to occupy, bury or misappropriate various fire protection facilities and equipment.
(2) Automatic monitoring and control equipment should be installed in buildings storing hazardous chemicals according to warehouse conditions.
(3) In buildings where hazardous chemicals are stored, if conditions permit, a fire extinguishing sprinkler system should be installed (except for fires that burn hazardous chemicals when exposed to water and cannot be extinguished with water).
(4) Hazardous chemical storage enterprises should have a safety and security organization. Hazardous chemical warehouses should have full-time or voluntary firefighting and security teams. Both full-time and volunteer firefighting and security teams should formulate firefighting plans and conduct frequent firefighting drills.
6. Personnel training
(1) Warehouse staff should be trained and hold a certificate after passing the assessment.
(2) Provide necessary education to personnel loading and unloading hazardous chemicals so that they can operate in accordance with relevant regulations.
(3) In addition to general fire protection knowledge, warehouse fire fighters should also receive specialized training in working in hazardous chemical warehouses to familiarize them with the types, characteristics, and storage of hazardous chemicals stored in each area. Location, accident handling procedures and methods.
(2) Requirements for storage of flammable and explosive goods
The "Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Flammable and Explosive Commodities" (GB17914--1999) has made clear regulations.
The storage conditions are:
1. Construction conditions
should comply with the requirements of (GBJ16? 2001 edition), and the fire resistance level of the warehouse shall not be lower than level three.
2. Warehouse conditions
(1 ) Warehouses for storing flammable and explosive commodities should be warm in winter, cool in summer, dry, easy to ventilate, sealed and protected from light.
(2) According to the different properties of various commodities, warehouse conditions, fire extinguishing methods, etc. Carry out strict zoning, classification, and storage.
① Explosives should be stored in warehouses with first-class light-roofed fire-resistant buildings.
② Low and medium flash point liquids. Class 1 flammable solids, self-igniting materials, compressed gases and liquefied gases should be stored in warehouses of Class 1 fire-resistant buildings.
③ Inflammable materials, oxidants and organic peroxides that encounter moisture can be stored in Class 1 or Class 2 fire-resistant buildings.
④Level 2 flammable solids and high flash point liquids can be stored in warehouses with a fire resistance rating of not less than level 3.
3.
(1) Products should be kept away from direct sunlight, fire sources, heat sources, and power sources, and there should be no conditions for generating sparks.
(2) In addition to being classified and stored as specified in the appendix, the following varieties should be stored.
① Explosives: black powder and explosive compounds are stored in separate warehouses
② Compressed gases and liquefied gases: flammable gases and non-flammable gases are stored in separate warehouses. Storage.
③ Flammable liquids can be stored in the same warehouse; but methanol, ethanol, acetone, etc. should be stored in separate warehouses.
④ Flammable solids can be stored in the same warehouse; however, flammable liquids can be stored in the same warehouse. Agent H should be stored separately from acids or acidic items; cellulose nitrate, safety matches, red phosphorus, phosphorus sulfide, aluminum powder and other metal powders should be stored separately.
⑤ Self-igniting items: yellow phosphorus, hydrocarbon-based metals. Compounds, animal and vegetable oil products must be stored in separate warehouses
⑥Storage in special warehouses for flammable materials when exposed to moisture
⑦Oxidants and primary and secondary inorganic oxidants of organic peroxides. They must be stored separately from primary and secondary organic oxidants, but ammonium nitrate, chlorates, permanganate, sodium peroxide, etc. must be stored in separate warehouses
4. Environmental hygiene conditions
(1) There should be no weeds and flammable materials around the warehouse.
(2) The warehouse should be cleaned frequently, and there should be no spilled goods on the floor, and the floor and stacks should be kept clean and hygienic.
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5. Temperature and humidity conditions table
(3) Requirements for storage of toxic products
The "Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Toxic Products" (GB17916?1999) has been clarified
The storage conditions are:
1. Warehouse conditions
(1) The warehouse must be structurally intact, dry and well ventilated. Necessary safety protection measures.
(2) The fire resistance level of the warehouse shall not be lower than Level 2.
(1) The warehouse should be kept away from residents.
(2) Products should be kept away from direct sunlight and exposure to sources of heat, power, and fire. The warehouse should be equipped with fire-fighting equipment, alarm devices, and first-aid medicine that are suitable for the nature of the poison in fixed and convenient places. box.
(3) Different types of toxic substances should be stored separately, and those with different levels of danger and fire-extinguishing methods should be stored separately. Those with contradictory properties are not allowed to be mixed in the same warehouse.
(4) Poisonous drugs should be stored in special warehouses or in single rooms separated from each other, and the "five pairs" system should be implemented (double acceptance, double custody, double delivery, double locks, double accounts) ), install an anti-theft alarm device.
3. Environmental sanitation conditions
The storage area and warehouse must always be kept clean and tidy. Timely clear away scattered drugs, flammable and combustible items and weeds in the reservoir area. Used work clothes, gloves and other supplies must be placed in a safe place outside the warehouse and properly kept or disposed of in a timely manner. When changing the types of drugs stored, the warehouse must be cleaned.
4． Temperature and humidity conditions
The temperature in the storage area should not exceed 35°C. Volatile drugs should be controlled below 32°C. The relative humidity should be below 85%. Drugs that are easily deliquescent should be controlled below 80%. .
(4) Requirements for storage of corrosive items
The "Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Corrosive Commodities" (GB17915--1999) has made clear regulations.
The storage conditions are:
1. Warehouse conditions
The warehouse should be a cool, dry, ventilated, and light-proof fire-proof building.
The building materials should be anti-corrosion treated. p>
(1) The warehouse for storing fuming nitric acid, bromine, and perchloric acid should be a low-temperature, dry and ventilated first- and second-class fire-resistant building.
(2) Bromohydric acid, and perchloric acid. Hydrogen acid should be stored away from light.
2. Conditions of cargo sheds and open-air cargo yards
The cargo sheds should be cool, ventilated and dry, and the open-air cargo yards should be higher and drier than the ground. >
3. Safety conditions
(1) Products should be kept away from direct sunlight and exposure to heat, power, and fire sources. Warehouse buildings and various equipment comply with the "Building Design Fire Protection Code" (GBJ16?2001
(2) Storage in different categories, nature, degree of danger, fire-fighting methods, etc. Storage in the same warehouse is prohibited if the properties are inconsistent with each other.
4. Conditions
(1) Warehouse floors, doors, windows, and shelves should be cleaned regularly and kept clean.
(2) Debris and flammable materials in the warehouse area should be cleaned up in time, and drainage ditches should be cleaned up in time. Keep it open.
5. Temperature and humidity condition table
(5) Waste disposal
With the rapid development of science and technology and the progress of human civilization, human beings Pay more and more attention to the environmental protection that depends on survival
1. Article 24 of the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" stipulates that the disposal of waste hazardous chemicals shall be in accordance with the "Solid Waste Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Law". 》 and relevant national regulations.
2. Article 25 of the Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals: Any unit that produces, stores, or uses hazardous chemicals changes production, ceases production, ceases operations, or is dissolved. Effective measures should be taken to dispose of the production or storage equipment, inventory products and production raw materials of hazardous chemicals, and no potential accident risks should be left. The disposal plan should be submitted to the department responsible for the comprehensive safety supervision and management of hazardous chemicals of the local districted municipal people's government. Register with the environmental protection department and public security department at the same level.
The department responsible for the comprehensive safety supervision and management of hazardous chemicals shall supervise and inspect the disposal situation.
3. The General Principles for Storage of Hazardous Chemicals (GB15603--1995) stipulates three regulations on the disposal of hazardous chemical waste:
(1) It is prohibited to accumulate combustible waste items in hazardous chemical storage areas.
(2) Packaging containers that leak or leak hazardous chemicals should be quickly moved to a safe area
(3) Waste items should not be treated with chemical or physical methods according to the characteristics of hazardous chemicals. Random disposal will pollute the environment.
(6) Analysis of the main causes of fires in hazardous chemical storage