With the continuous development of modern medicine, the monitor, as the basic equipment configuration of hospitals at all levels, is being widely used in hospitals ICU, CCU, anesthesia operating room and various clinical departments, especially it can provide important information about the patient's vital signs to the medical staff. Using this information, clinicians can better analyze the patient's condition so as to take appropriate therapeutic measures and obtain the best therapeutic effect, so the role of the monitor is getting more and more attention.
The development of the monitoring system can be traced back to 1962, the establishment of the first batch of coronary care unit (CCU) in North America, after that, the monitoring system has been developed rapidly, with the continuous development of computers and signal processing technology, as well as the continuous improvement of the clinical requirements for the monitoring of critically ill patients and potentially hazardous patients, the functional requirements of the monitoring system of the CCU/ICU are also continuously improved, at present. In addition to the intelligent alarm with previous multi-parameter vital signs monitoring, the monitoring system also requires further improvement in monitoring quality as well as hospital monitoring network to better meet the needs of clinical monitoring, drug evaluation and modern hospital management.
The classification of existing monitoring products:
1. According to the product performance and use of functionality is divided into multi-parameter curing monitor, portable monitor, plug-in monitor and central station monitor.
2. According to the method of monitoring parameters can be divided into non-invasive life parameter monitoring, invasive parameter monitoring and monitoring of special test parameters (blood gas, biochemical analysis monitoring, defibrillation and special anesthetic gas monitoring).
I. The development history of ECG monitoring:
The earliest, the medical staff of ECG monitoring and demand, from the critical patient resuscitation began.
1. 1933: Hooker conducted the first experimental animal cardiac resuscitation to summarize and judge the effect of critical patient resuscitation by closely observing the status of heart beat.
2. 1943: Claude Beek first implemented electric defibrillation in the operating room, starting the monitoring and clinical application of ECG.
3. 1952: Zoll introduced cardiac pacing for the first time, which allowed patients to recover by pacing and monitoring patients whose cardiac function had not been fully recovered;
4. 1956: External defibrillator was introduced, which improved the survival rate of critical patient resuscitation;
5. 1960: Kauwenhoven reported that extrathoracic cardiac 1960s: Kauwenhoven reported that thoracic cardiac massage was effective, and cardiac resuscitation techniques were becoming more mature;
6. 1960s: Continuous bedside ECG monitoring was able to monitor the patient's ECG status at the right time, enabling close and continuous observation of cardiac patients and critically ill patients, and at the same time, helping the medical staff to analyze and judge the patient's electrocardiographic situation continuously;
7. 1970s: Swan-Hanz pulmonary artery floatation catheter was introduced. 1970s: the appearance and clinical application of Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery floating catheter, hemodynamic monitoring (invasive pressure, cardiac output, etc.) introduced into the clinic, the monitoring function is more, the medical personnel to obtain the objective monitoring information is more abundant, which greatly promote the level of medical care and scientific research;
8. 1970s: the beginning of the clinical application of continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring technology;
II. SPO2) monitoring technology, also developed in the 1970s, was not widely used in clinical practice until the mid-1980s. Earlier domestic applications are simple SPO2 monitor and simple cardiac monitor. Due to the wide application of microprocessors and fast electronic systems, the monitoring parameters ECG, SPO2, NIBP, TEMP and other integrated monitors are more and more recognized by health care professionals and widely used in clinical applications;
The development of second-generation monitoring
In the subsequent development of the cardiac output and EtCO2 monitors are also used as bedside monitors to develop and use, especially in ICUs, hospitals, hospitals and other institutions, and are also widely used in the field. and used, especially in ICU, CCU, anesthesiology department is very widely used.
1, display and parameters:
The monitor was initially used only as a timely monitoring of the patient's main vital parameters, ECG, NIBP and SPO2, from the earliest digital display to the development of digital and waveforms on the same screen.
In the monitor's screen display, but also in the continuous updating and improvement, from the initial LED display, CRT display, the development of liquid crystal display, until the current more advanced color TFT display, that can ensure high resolution and clarity, eliminating the problem of viewing angle, in any angle can be a complete observation of patient monitoring parameters and waveforms. In use, it can ensure long-term high-definition, high-brightness visual effects.
2, analysis of networking functions:
With the high degree of integration of the circuit, the volume of the monitor tends to be more and more compact, and more complete functions, in the ECG, NIBP, SPO2, TEMP can be monitored at the same time as the basic parameters, but also can continuously monitor invasive blood pressure, cardiac output, special anesthetic gases and other parameters. On this basis, the monitor has gradually developed to have powerful software analysis functions, such as arrhythmia analysis, pacing analysis, ST segment analysis, etc., and according to the clinical needs of the monitoring information review, including trend charts, table information storage function, long storage time, large amount of information.
With the rapid development of the communication network, a single monitor to monitor the patient, has been unable to meet the large number of patient information processing and monitoring, through the central network information system, the hospital more than one monitor networking, can improve work efficiency. Especially at night, with less staff, it can also monitor multiple patients at the same time, and through intelligent analysis of alarms, each patient can receive timely monitoring and treatment. By networking with the hospital network system, the central monitoring system summarizes and stores the relevant information of patients in other departments of the hospital, so that all the examinations and conditions of the patients in the hospital can be stored in the central information system, which facilitates better diagnosis and treatment of the patients.
3, the operation mode:
In order to enable more medical personnel to master the use of the instrument as soon as possible, the current sales of China's operating menu of the monitor from the previous pure English into the development of Chinese/English menu options.
Initially, the monitor used in hospitals had a simple monitoring function, but it was operated by a keypad, which made it cumbersome to operate, and the size of the monitor was relatively large. With the improvement and enhancement of technology, the current operation mode has been developed from the original button mode, to touch, and the most popular rotary mouse button operation mode, convenient and fast, more suitable for clinical applications.
4, monitor appearance structure:
According to the needs of different departments, the monitor appearance of the purchase is different. Generally in the clinical application, more choice of curing type monitor, monitoring parameters including cardiac, respiratory, non-invasive blood pressure, oxygen saturation, body temperature, etc.. Plug-in monitors are mainly used in ICU, CCU, anesthesiology, etc. The advantage of plug-in monitors is that, according to the different conditions of the patient, select the appropriate functional modules, selective parameter monitoring of the patient. These departments to monitor the patient's condition is complex, many types of diseases, the demand for monitoring parameters are also different, modular design of the plug-in monitor, can be flexible and convenient combination of monitoring parameters, for the commonly used monitoring function module, can be equipped with each instrument, for the special function module, according to the use of selective equipment. This design not only meets the needs of clinical monitoring of various special cases, but also reduces unnecessary capital investment for hospitals, so that various functional modules can be fully and reasonably used.
Advanced medical instruments and equipment, but also to promote the development of hospital business projects, such as community services, on-site emergency care, in order to meet the needs of this area, portable monitors also came into being, lightweight and convenient design to better meet the first aid as well as the transfer of critically ill patients.
Currently, the development of the monitor is very rapid, looking forward to the future development trend of the monitor, the monitor itself is only one of the many functions of the monitor, the monitor represents a high-tech in the concentration of medical electronic products, through remote consultation, the patient's information can be quickly transmitted, can make the expert diagnosis and treatment recommendations, faster and more accurate feedback to the difficult patient's treatment, so that patients recover as soon as possible.
It is mainly used in operating rooms, emergency rooms, resuscitation rooms and ICU/CCU wards, etc. The main monitoring scope can involve electrocardiography (ECG), respiration (RESP), oxygen saturation (SPO2), non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), dual-channel temperature (TEMP), dual-channel invasive blood pressure (IBP), etc., and it can also be applied to bedside monitoring of adults, pediatrics and newborns. The device can also be used for bedside monitoring of adults, pediatrics and neonates.
For our country, the development of monitoring technology in China is relatively early, began in the late 1950s, but only until the mid-1970s to develop monitoring instruments for clinical use, and in the 1980s a variety of medical monitors have come out. But from the point of view of the speed of its development, by the rapid development of the domestic medical equipment industry in recent years, the market size to an average annual rate of 15% increase in the impact of China's monitor industry also maintains a rapid growth rate, but also emerged like Shenzhen, such as high-grade medical equipment manufacturing base and Shenzhen Myriad, Shenzhen Jinke such advantages of the enterprise.
05 years, the domestic monitor exports amounted to 44.27 million U.S. dollars, a year-on-year increase of 46.03%, Shenzhen Myriad and Shenzhen Jinke bagged the first two, accounting for as much as 67.21%, of which Shenzhen Myriad is 56.79% of the proportion of the occupying half of the river.
In 2006-2007, the domestic medical device market continued to maintain a rapid and stable growth trend, the good development environment also makes the export trade of the monitor continued to increase greatly, exports reached 75.28 million U.S. dollars in '06, year-on-year as high as 70.04%, the proportion of Shenzhen Myriad's exports declined, reaching 47.29% in 2007, compared with last year, the medical device industry growth this year is still obvious. Medical device industry this year, the growth is still obvious, the total output value increased by 22.88% year-on-year, as of October, China's patient monitor export number of 91,860 units, the export amount reached 96 million U.S. dollars, a year-on-year increase of 68.90%, the industry continues to maintain a stable growth.
From the point of view of its influence on the development of the next two years, the medical device industry is about to fully implement the two major strong regulations will have an impact on the development of the industry, one is the health sector in June this year began to implement the centralized purchasing management of medical devices, the relevant provisions and implementation methods may soon be introduced; the second is in September, the State Food and Drug Administration announced the "supervision and management regulations on medical devices (revised draft)", "medical device supervision and management regulations (revised draft)", "medical device supervision and management regulations (revised draft)". Secondly, in September this year, the State Food and Drug Administration published the "Medical Device Supervision and Administration Regulations (Draft Revision)" of the revised opinion, this regulation belongs to the State Council mandatory laws and regulations, after the formal implementation of the medical device will improve the registration and production threshold, the medical device industry may face reshuffling.
From the perspective of its development prospects, the monitor as a type of digital medical equipment, with the rapid development of China's digital medical equipment industry, its development prospects are good, in addition, although the above two new regulations will affect the production and distribution of medical equipment industry and sales, accelerate the industry reshuffle, but at present, the concentration of the domestic monitor industry and the competition and has a relatively high degree of, with the reform of the health care environment, the industry will maintain a growth rate of 10-15%, the industry will continue to grow. Development growth rate will remain at about 10-15% growth rate.