General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech pointed out the direction for the comprehensive management of the Yellow River Basin and put forward new and higher requirements. In accordance with General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech and the spirit of the Tenth Plenary Session of the Tenth Provincial Party Committee, we should use systematic thinking to promote the coordinated management of the Yellow River Basin. This is not only the fundamental requirement for building a beautiful China and realizing the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, but also the realistic need for upgrading the modernization of the ecological environment governance system and governance capacity in the Yellow River Basin.
Scientifically grasp the characteristics of the Yellow River Basin as a relatively closed physical geographical unit in space, the Yellow River Basin has its own distinctive characteristics. First of all, the Yellow River basin is the main place for human production and life. It is not only an important resource gathering and distribution area, but also an important space carrier for the sustainable development of national economy and regional economy, which plays an important supporting role in human survival and social development. Secondly, the Yellow River Basin is a compound region composed of physical geography and economic and social development. It is a specific area with precipitation as the source, water flow as the basis, rivers as the main line and river basins as the boundary. Human beings are an organic whole with water resources development as the leading factor, natural resources and environment as the backing, sustainable utilization of water resources, ecology and environment as the lifeblood, and economic system and environmental policy as the means of regulation. Finally, the complexity of Yellow River basin management. Watershed is a complete, independent and highly integrated natural area from the source to the estuary, and its boundary is different from the traditional administrative area, involving the upstream and downstream, left and right banks and nearby areas of the river. A river passes through different administrative regions, which makes the natural space of the basin with the characteristics of integrity and relevance divided and managed by administrative units, showing a fragmented state, and it is often difficult to form a joint force because of their respective policies.
The above characteristics of the Yellow River basin make the basin management a long-term, complex and arduous systematic project, which needs to be realized through the coordinated management of the system? Ecology, production and life? Coordinated development, harmonious development between man and nature, and sustainable development of regional economy and society.
Systematic harnessing of the Yellow River is an organic whole and a complex systematic project. The eco-environmental management of the Yellow River Basin has achieved certain results, but there is still the problem of compartmentalization in the management mode. Problems in the Yellow River Basin? Appearance in the Yellow River, roots in the basin? . To solve this problem thoroughly, we must conform to the natural attributes, respect the laws of nature, and implement overall planning and coordinated management of the whole basin.
Make a good plan. Planning is the soul of river basin development. The ecological protection of the Yellow River involves the management of the water security system in the basin, especially to coordinate the relationship between the upper, middle and lower reaches of the basin and between man and nature, enhance the carrying capacity of resources, environment and ecological security, and do a good job in land and sea planning, scientific management and control, ecological environment restoration and comprehensive management from the source of the Yellow River to the estuary. However, the Yellow River still lacks macro, overall and long-term planning, and all areas along the Yellow River emphasize their own interests. Therefore, the Yellow River needs to have a blueprint for basin ecological environment protection, implement overall planning, and enhance the linkage effect of opening up. Therefore, according to the principles of finding out the base number, integrating multiple regulations and promoting together, and according to the comparative advantages of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the carrying capacity of resources and environment, we should pay close attention to the preparation of the outline of the Yellow River basin development plan and coordinate the economic layout of the basin. In particular, from the perspective of regional coordination and river basin system management, combined with the overall situation of the country and the characteristics of the Yellow River basin, we should do a good job in compiling a number of special plans such as ecological environmental protection, and plan and layout urban construction, environmental management, spatial layout, ecological protection, cultural heritage and waterfront landscape along the Yellow River region, so as to build a new pattern of development of the Yellow River basin with complementary advantages and mutual benefit.
Strengthen regional cooperation. Behind the crisis of water resources and water ecosystem in the Yellow River basin is the fragmentation of management system. Judging from the current situation of water-related affairs management in the Yellow River basin, there is a lack of effective coordination mechanism between regions and departments in the Yellow River basin, which leads to? Jiulong water control? The situation has emerged. At present, our country is in a critical period of winning a comprehensive well-off society. In the future, the expansion of economic scale along the Yellow River and the acceleration of urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization will bring greater challenges and pressures to the governance of the Yellow River Basin. So? * * * Make great protection and jointly promote great governance? This not only puts forward the new task of the transformation and upgrading of the Yellow River basin, but also puts forward higher requirements for upstream and downstream and cross-regional cooperation. Therefore, it is necessary to regard the Yellow River Basin as an organic whole, establish a multi-level and multi-type regional cooperation mechanism, break the limitation of one place and one shore with systematic thinking and overall height, and coordinate and solve major cross-regional ecological and environmental problems. We can learn from the successful experience of unified management and comprehensive management of river basins in developed countries such as France and Australia. In view of the lack of coordination among provinces (ministries) in the Yellow River Basin in China, a unified coordination and management organization of relevant state departments led by the central government and participated by relevant local provinces (* * *) can be set up to break the current phenomenon of information islands and information contradictions among provinces (ministries) and make suggestions on flood control dispatching, water resources allocation and cross-administrative regions.
Realize the complementary development of upstream and downstream. The geographical space span of the Yellow River basin is large, and there are significant differences in climate and geographical characteristics, and the ecological environment characterization has obvious spatial regionality. At the same time, the ecological environment management in the Yellow River Basin is complicated, and there are different problems in different regions and different stages of development, and the measures and methods to solve them are inconsistent, so some areas should implement them? One city and one policy? . Judging from the provinces along the Yellow River, the economic development situation of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is obviously different: the upper reaches are relatively backward, the middle reaches are rising, and the lower reaches are relatively developed. This requires full consideration of the differences between the upper, middle and lower reaches and the different requirements of the ecological function of the main spatial pattern, spatial optimization of the ecological environment pattern of the Yellow River Basin, rational delineation of ecological environment protection areas, optimization of zoning protection objectives, clear positioning of different sections and functional areas in the upper, middle and lower reaches, and adherence to? Unbalanced complementary coordinated development? Change targeted differentiation policies into complementary compatibility policies. Specifically, the upstream should promote the implementation of a number of major ecological protection, restoration and construction projects, focusing on the upper reaches of Sanjiang, Qilian Mountain and Gannan Yellow River water conservation areas, with the core function of enhancing water conservation capacity and creating more ecological products. The middle reaches focus on soil and water conservation and pollution control, while Wei Fen Plain, Hetao Irrigation Area and other major grain producing areas develop modern agriculture, making contributions to ensuring national food security. These areas should focus on ecological environment indicators and agricultural development indicators. The downstream Yellow River Delta is the most complete wetland ecosystem in China's warm temperate zone, so it is necessary to do a good job of protection, promote the health of river ecosystem and improve biodiversity. Thus, the overall development pattern of water conservation in the upper reaches, soil and water conservation and pollution control in the middle reaches and protection in the lower reaches will be formed, and the strategy of main functional areas will be implemented more effectively to promote the coordinated development of regional economy.
Make overall plans to promote the management of lake and grass system in scenic forest land. Landscape, forest, field, lake and grassland are the same life. Ecology is a unified natural system and a natural chain in which various natural elements are interdependent and realize circulation. Maintaining a good ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin is of great strategic significance for maintaining ecological security and realizing sustainable development in China. Therefore, in order to coordinate the management of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass system and solve the key and difficult problems in the protection and management of the ecosystem in the Yellow River basin, we must consider all the elements of the natural ecology in the Yellow River basin, as well as the mountains, underground and upstream and downstream of the basin, carry out systematic protection, macro-control and comprehensive management, enhance the recycling ability of the ecosystem and maintain the ecological balance. It is necessary to improve the management system of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass system, improve the healthy and sustainable development level of ecosystem with the modernization of ecosystem management system and management ability, improve the supply capacity of ecosystem ecological products, and continuously meet the people's growing demand for a beautiful ecological environment. According to? Who benefits and who compensates? Principle, study and establish an ecological compensation mechanism for water environmental protection in the Yellow River Basin, support and compensate urban domestic sewage treatment, industrial pollution treatment, rural non-point source pollution treatment and comprehensive drainage ditch treatment in the Yellow River Irrigation Area through financial transfer payment, and gradually explore and establish a systematic, stable and standardized interest compensation mechanism and policy system to reduce the arbitrariness of policies and compensation, and ensure the ecological function and sound economic and social development of the Yellow River Basin.