Silicon is the old name of silicon, which comes from the English word "Si". Many people know that sillimanite is called sillimanite.
Silica dust, commonly known as silica dust, is a kind of dust that is very pathogenic (the strongest) and (the most) harmful to health. Silica dust particles (silica dust) are inhaled into alveoli and swallowed by macrophages, which leads to the rupture of lysosomes in phagocytes. The activation of fibroblasts leads to collagen fiber deposition and pulmonary fibrosis.
Silicosis is a kind of pneumoconiosis and a serious occupational disease. Free silica dust accumulates on human alveoli through respiratory tract, which affects gas exchange. Finally, human alveoli lose their function and all lung tissues become fibrosis. In the words of ordinary people, the lung becomes a lump in the soil.
Experts from the Ministry of Health once talked about the lavage treatment of silicosis patients: anesthetize the patients, rinse the lungs, and the washed water is turbid. After standing for a period of time, the water will be divided into two layers: water and sediment.
At present, there is no specific medicine to cure silicosis in the world. Having silicosis is equivalent to being sentenced to death.
On June 22, 2002, China Mining News reported that farmers in Fudong Town, Yixing, Jiangsu Province used quartz stones on the mountain and simple processing equipment to roll quartz stones into quartz sand for sale. Yes 159 migrant workers suffer from silicosis because they eat and sleep in silica dust (the state stipulates that they should be "wet")! This doesn't include the people who used to work here. A young and lively life disappeared. ...
It is reported that the total number of pneumoconiosis patients in China is 570,000, which is equivalent to the sum of pneumoconiosis patients in other parts of the world. The newspaper said: "Is there such a tragedy that migrant workers don't know what disease they have until they die?" [Edit this paragraph] There are three clinical manifestations of symptoms and signs: chronic silicosis, acute silicosis and accelerated silicosis in between. These two clinical manifestations are significantly related to dust exposure concentration, silicosis content and dust exposure years, and chronic silicosis is the most common in bed.
Generally, there may be no symptoms or obvious symptoms in the early stage, and various symptoms may appear with the progress of the disease. Symptoms are not specific, and the severity of symptoms is often inconsistent with silicosis. Gas lift often occurs earlier and gradually increases. I often feel chest tightness and chest pain in the early stage, and the chest pain is mild, which is swelling pain, dull pain or tingling, and has nothing to do with breathing, posture and delivery. The degree of chest tightness and shortness of breath is related to the scope and nature of the lesion. In the early stage, irritating cough may occur due to inhalation of silica dust, and those with infection or smokers may have expectoration. A few patients have bloody sputum. When combined with tuberculosis, lung cancer or bronchiectasis, repeated or massive hemoptysis may occur. Patients can still have dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, palpitations, loss of appetite and other symptoms.
Early silicosis can have no abnormal signs. With the progress of the disease and the occurrence of complications, corresponding signs are produced. Stage Ⅲ silicosis causes lung tissue to contract due to massive fibrosis, which leads to bronchial displacement and dullness. If complicated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema and pulmonary heart disease, there may be corresponding signs. [Edit this paragraph] Prevention of silicosis Patients with silicosis have a close history of exposure to silica dust and a detailed occupational history. There are many jobs that can lead to silicosis. Workers who have been exposed to various metals, coal powder, refractories, stone powder, cement, glass, ceramics and other jobs for a long time should pay attention to preventing silicosis. So how to prevent it?
1. Dust prevention is the key to control or reduce the incidence of silicosis. Industrial and mining enterprises should pay attention to comprehensive dust prevention measures such as reforming production technology, wet operation, sealing dust sources, ventilation and dust removal, and equipment maintenance and repair.
2, strengthen personal protection, abide by the dust-proof operation procedures. Regularly monitor the dust concentration in the air of production environment and strengthen publicity and education. Have a physical examination before employment, including X-ray chest film.
3. Patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and various respiratory diseases should not participate in silica dust operations. Strengthen the regular physical examination of workers exposed to silica dust, including X-ray chest film. The interval of examination depends on the content of exposed silica dust and the concentration of air dust.
4. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in industrial and mining areas. Those with negative tuberculin test should be vaccinated with BCG; Preventive anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy for positive patients can reduce the incidence of silicosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis.
5. Comprehensive measures should be taken for silicosis patients, including dust removal, normal work as arranged, strengthening nutrition and proper rehabilitation exercise, and enhancing physical fitness. Prevent respiratory tract infections and complications.
All of the above should be paid attention to in preventing silicosis. Personnel engaged in dust-related work should enhance their awareness of prevention and focus on preventing silicosis.