1 Causes of abnormal psychological reaction
1. 1 Overweight workload
People's demand for medical and health services is growing day by day, but the number of nurses is insufficient, and mental and physical work is beyond their ability.
1.2 nature of intense work
Nurses often face many emergency rescues, technical updates, disease threats and so on. In their work, the patient's condition changes, there are many uncertain factors. Nurses must observe the condition in time, respond quickly, and meet the reasonable needs of patients, which will produce pressure.
1.3 high-risk occupational stress
If nurses make mistakes in their work, it will threaten patients' physical and mental health and even their lives, and nurses must bear corresponding legal responsibilities.
1.4 circadian rhythm disorder
"Three shifts" disrupted the biological clock rhythm of nurses.
1.5 Complex interpersonal relationships
Hospital is a complex and changeable environment. Nurses have to face patients with different mental states and different educational levels. Some patients are too picky about their work, some are unwilling to cooperate with the arrangement of nurses, and some abuse nurses at will. In addition, nurses have to deal with the scene in Where are you going, which can easily lead to psychological overload.
2 Maintenance and intervention countermeasures
2. 1 Strengthen the psychological quality education of nurses.
Improve self-regulation ability, treat work pressure correctly, improve self-relaxation consciousness, improve stress ability to unexpected events, learn to effectively adjust emotions without being understood, master appropriate relaxation skills, consciously use psychological knowledge and theory for psychological adjustment, and improve mental health level.
2.2 Improve nursing moral education
The quality of nursing ethics directly affects the quality of nursing, and the incidence of nursing errors is one of the signs to measure the quality of nursing, which in turn depends on the level of nursing ethics and nursing theory and technology. Influenced by some unhealthy trends of nursing team and weak nursing moral consciousness, the quality of nursing can be reduced. Hospitals, nursing departments and departments should organize and strengthen various forms of education on nurses' laws and regulations, enhance the consciousness of group morality, and let every nurse understand that nursing morality is the soul of nursing staff and the spiritual motivation for doing a good job in nursing. Nurses' work is often carried out independently without supervision, which requires nurses to have the cultivation of "cautious independence", which is a higher realm of nursing ethics, and not every nurse can do it. Therefore, strengthening the cultivation of moral consciousness and moral education is one of the important measures to reduce nursing errors.
2.3 Strengthen the allocation and management of human resources
For departments with heavy workload, more shifts and more critically ill patients, the policy will be tilted and the treatment will be appropriately improved. At the same time, rationally adjust the personnel structure and adopt a rotation system when necessary.
2.4 Managers should implement humanized management for nurses.
Pay attention to the psychological needs of nurses. When nurses are not understood by patients and are insulted, they can go to the manager to complain, get the manager's understanding and give some rewards to release the pressure. Managers should often hold seminars on nurse-patient relationship, strengthen communication, reduce the psychological pressure of nurses who are not understood by patients, and promote the development of nurse-patient relationship in a better direction. In addition, managers can use incentive theory to help nurses establish the best working condition.
2.5 Cultivation of legal awareness in nursing work
In medical activities, all kinds of medical personnel are in direct or indirect contact with the law all the time, and nurses are no exception. Therefore, how to improve nurses' legal awareness is one of the important ways to avoid medical disputes in nursing work. First of all, study legal knowledge seriously. As long as you know the law and abide by it, you can use legal knowledge to protect yourself and be self-disciplined. Second, the basis of nurses' medical activities is doctor's advice, and nurses must strictly, accurately, timely, completely, scientifically and conscientiously implement doctor's advice and complete various medical and nursing activities; Third, carefully write all kinds of nursing documents to be accurate, timely, complete and standardized, consistent with medical documents, synchronized and properly kept; Four, the nursing work should follow the routine operation, abide by the nursing system and norms, pay full attention to the duality of nursing behavior in the nursing process, and avoid mistakes and accidents; Fifth, never forget the seriousness of nursing work. Have a high sense of responsibility, responsibility, engaged in nursing work.
2.6 Problems and countermeasures in nursing work
Because of the particularity of work, nurses tend to feel guilty about their families, lost in their careers and disgusted with them. Especially in various nursing operations and document writing, it is difficult to start with psychological nursing, which gradually leads to the embarrassment of nurse-patient communication. Facing the appearance of these mentality, it is both a challenge and a new topic for nursing management. This requires the society and hospital management to create a good nursing working environment for nurses, encourage nurses to receive continuing education and study, optimize knowledge structure, provide more opportunities for nurses to pursue further studies, cultivate nurses' professional awareness in various ways, improve nursing management forms, improve nurses' work efficiency, arrange shifts reasonably, give consideration to families, and create a good working environment for nurses.
2.7 Training and cultivation of psychological quality
Emotion can affect the emotional state of the whole psychological activity for a long time, which is diffuse. A happy mood can make the atmosphere around people harmonious and make the group have a harmonious spirit. Nurses should correctly treat and deal with some negative effects in the occupational environment to avoid affecting the relationship between doctors and patients and the working mood of the group. In daily work, we should strengthen psychological training, improve psychological endurance, encourage nurses to learn mental health knowledge, exercise their endurance to difficulties and setbacks, and improve their ability to adjust psychological pressure at will. Once you encounter setbacks in your work and life, you should correctly apply mental health knowledge and make self-psychological adjustment. Take an understanding attitude towards patients' misunderstanding, uncooperative or even impolite behavior, or adjust their emotions by role replacement.
3 abstract
To sum up, nurses are the most critical and important group in the whole medical environment and play an active role in creating and maintaining patients' health. In addition to their own heavy work, nurses should also pay attention to all kinds of bad stimuli and emergencies in the medical environment, fully mobilize their psychological defense mechanism in practice, strengthen exercise, think more and communicate more. Create positive and effective psychological activities, maintain a stable and normal psychological state and good adaptive function. Treat yourself and your work with a new mental outlook.
Paper Keywords: post-modern nurse mental health nurse-patient communication
The proper integration of postmodern theory into clinical nursing will provide strong support for nurses to maintain their mental health. On the basis of expounding the connotation of postmodern thought, this paper analyzes the main problems existing in nursing work, and further discusses the application of postmodern thought in modern nurses.
With the change of hospital management concept, the universal implementation of holistic nursing model and the popularization of quality service, the traditional nurse-patient relationship is undergoing obvious changes. Today, with the implementation of "people-oriented" and "patient-centered" nursing concepts and models, the requirements for nurses are getting higher and higher, especially the communication ability between nurses and patients. In clinical practice, nurse-patient communication plays an important role. Good nurse-patient communication ability is the basis of establishing good interpersonal relationship in nursing work [1], which can make the working atmosphere more harmonious.
1 the connotation of postmodern thought
Postmodernism, in the west, is also controversial and difficult to define. But as Eagleton and others once pointed out, it can still be defined from three aspects: (1) Postmodernism is a historical stage, which is relative to modernity and modernity in western cultural history; (2) Postmodernism is an aesthetic style, which can be used to understand a universal aesthetic style in the post-modern historical stage; (3) Postmodernism is a kind of philosophical thinking, which can be used to summarize the similarities and differences of various philosophical schools in the post-modern historical stage.
2 the main problems in the work of nurses
Hospital management and patients put forward high requirements for nurses. No matter what happens in the course of work, nurses should be considerate, speak kindly and never conflict with patients. This is the usual practice. However, in actual work, the daily workload of nurses is overloaded, the work is tense and busy, the content is complex and changeable, the work quality is strict and the technical level is high. All kinds of first aid and emergencies at work are changeable and uncontrollable, and they often work in shifts, lack of sleep, dissatisfaction and injury of patients, and the danger of infection. Nurses have few opportunities for promotion in clinical work, lack of job security, and their ambitions when they are young are often frustrated in reality. For a long time, all these have consumed the internal resources of nurses and brought challenges to nurses to maintain a healthy and positive psychological state.
3 Post-modern concept in the application of modern nurses
Modern nurse-patient communication usually requires nurses to put themselves in the patient's shoes, that is, nurses are often required to consider the patient from the patient's standpoint. Facts have also proved that the nurse-patient relationship can indeed be maintained in a good state when nurses stand in the patient's position, consider the patient, support, care and understand the patient unconditionally. However, in the actual work process, we will encounter some patients and their families who can't correctly understand the nursing work, and occasionally ask some unacceptable questions to the nurses. At this time, we need clinical nurses not only to patiently and euphemistically explain to patients, but also to have certain skills. We can try to ask patients to put themselves in their shoes, that is, skillfully let patients stand in the position of nurses and understand nurses from the perspective of medical workers. This challenges the traditional concept and thinking mode of modern nursing staff. Since the 1960s, postmodernism has emerged in the wave of criticism and transcendence of traditional western philosophy and reflection and development of modern western philosophy since the middle of the 9th century. In post-modern philosophy, some scholars have found that there are many defects in one-way thinking, which opens the way for the study of two-way thinking. From schleiermacher and Dilthey to Dewey and Melo? Ponty, Schmitz, Putnam and Piaget, a Swiss scholar, all put forward and constantly improved the theory of subject-object interaction, which was responded by many scholars. With "interaction", we can expand the traditional one-way thinking mode into a two-way thinking mode, emphasizing that people can exert their subjective initiative in the process of understanding the natural world.
In the process of work, the author integrates the reverse thinking or diversified thinking mode in post-modern theory. For example, there was once a hospitalized patient who suspected that the nursing staff had embezzled his own medicine. Every time the nurse gave him an intravenous infusion, he would ask the nurse in a questioning tone if all the medicine in the infusion bottle was used up. It goes without saying that every nursing staff will have negative emotions in their hearts, and every time they explain them to him, they can never dispel the patients' doubts. After listening to my colleagues' remarks, the author personally explained to the patients. In fact, the patient asked the author the same question as a few days ago. The author smiled and explained to the patient, and politely asked the patient to imagine that the roles of the author and the patient would change. If the author is lying in a hospital bed and the patient is a medical worker, the patient will treat the author without putting medicine into the infusion bottle. The patient was silent for a long time and never asked any questions that the nurse could not accept with a happy mood [3].