1. How long does it take for the fracture to recover?
The fracture healed late. Generally speaking, it takes about three months for a fracture to recover. It is also related to fracture site, reduction quality and early functional exercise. Ribs usually take about 30-40 days, and upper limb fractures take about 8- 10 weeks.
2. How to treat fractures quickly?
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To restore the normal or nearly normal anatomical relationship of the displaced fracture segment and rebuild the scaffold function of bone. It is the first step to treat fracture, and it is also the basis of fracture fixation and functional exercise. Early and correct reduction is a necessary condition for smooth fracture healing. The main methods are manual reduction and surgical reduction.
Fixed; unchangeable
The key to fracture healing is to keep the position of fracture after reduction and make it heal firmly under good counterpoint. Common fixation methods include splint fixation, plaster bandage fixation, bracket fixation and internal and external fixators.
Functional exercise
Restore the activity of the affected limb as soon as possible without affecting the fixation. Early and reasonable functional exercise can promote blood circulation, eliminate swelling, reduce muscle atrophy, maintain muscle strength, prevent osteoporosis and joint stiffness, and promote fracture healing, which is an important guarantee for restoring the function of the affected limb.
3. How to quickly care for fractures?
Patients with fixed fracture of limbs should put a soft pillow under the affected limb to raise the affected limb, so as to facilitate venous return and reduce the swelling of the affected limb. Drink more water, eat more fruits and vegetables, and keep your stool unobstructed. In addition, patients with fractures should pay attention to keep warm and do more deep breathing exercises to prevent pneumonia. Increase nutrition and promote fracture healing.
4. What does a fracture eat fast?
1, high-energy and high-protein diet: it helps to restore vitality. But eat it two weeks after the fracture. In the early stage of fracture, a light diet is appropriate.
2, vitamin D: If you have been recuperating indoors after the fracture, it is easy to lack vitamin D, so you should eat more foods rich in vitamin D after the fracture (such as fish, liver, egg yolk, etc.). ) and get as much sunshine as possible.
3. Vitamin C: Fruits rich in vitamin C include hawthorn, fresh jujube, kiwi fruit, strawberry, longan, litchi and citrus. The vegetables are alfalfa (grass head), pepper, sweet pepper, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts (soup), bitter gourd, watercress, cauliflower and green amaranth.
4, water: the decline in the amount of exercise of fractures is easy to cause constipation. Drink plenty of water at this time to ensure smooth intestines.
5, fracture exercise as soon as possible.
Early functional exercise
It is usually performed at 1-2 weeks after injury. The main purpose of exercise during this period is to promote the blood circulation of patients' limbs, thus reducing swelling, stabilizing fractures and promoting recovery.
The starting time of functional exercise is mainly the isometric contraction of the injured muscle after fracture reduction and fixation, that is, when the joint is at rest, the muscle performs static operation and relaxation rhythmically, which is what we usually call muscle "tension" and "relaxation". Isometric contraction of muscles can prevent muscle atrophy or adhesion, and promote fracture healing and functional recovery.
Mid-functional exercise
From 2 weeks after the injury to the clinical healing period of the fracture, the swelling of the affected limb gradually disappeared, the pain was relieved, the fiber at the right side of the fracture was connected, callus gradually formed, and the fracture site became more and more stable.
During this period, in addition to continuing to do muscle isometric exercise, with the help of medical staff or healthy limbs, you can gradually restore the unfixed joint activities at the proximal and distal ends of the fracture and the activities of the upper and lower joints at the fracture, from passive movement to active movement, to prevent the decline of adjacent joint activities; When the patient allows, he should get up as soon as possible for full-body activities.
Late stage of functional exercise
For those who have achieved clinical healing or external fixation, at this time, callus has formed and developed on X-ray, and the bones have some support, but there are many functional obstacles such as decreased joint activity and muscle atrophy near the joint. Therefore, the purpose of rehabilitation exercise at this time is to restore the activity of the affected joint, enhance muscle strength and restore limb function. The main forms of functional exercise are strengthening the active activities of injured limb joints and weight-bearing exercise.
6, fracture prevention
1. Five principles of fracture first aid
Fractures are usually divided into closed fractures and open fractures. Closed fracture means that the skin and soft tissue are relatively intact and the fracture end has not been connected with the outside world; Open fracture refers to a wound at the fracture site, and the fracture end has been communicated with the outside world. Fractures can occur in all parts of the body, but the most common fracture is limb fracture. Once a fracture is suspected, the activity of the affected part should be reduced as much as possible, and the hard bed should be used as much as possible when transferring. The following are five principles of first aid after fracture.
save sb's life
The first principle of first aid for severe trauma is to save lives. If it is found that the heartbeat and breathing of the wounded have stopped or are on the verge of stopping, chest compressions and artificial respiration should be performed immediately; Coma patients should keep the respiratory tract unobstructed and remove foreign bodies in mouth and pharynx in time; Patients with consciousness disorder can acupuncture Renzhong and Baihui points; A wound with an open fracture may bleed a lot. Generally, dressing can be used to compress the wound to stop bleeding. If a person with severe bleeding uses a tourniquet to stop bleeding, it is necessary to record the time of starting to use the tourniquet, and relax/kloc-0 every 30 minutes (30 ~ 60 seconds each time) to prevent limb ischemia and necrosis. In case of the above-mentioned life-threatening fracture patients, they should be quickly transported to the hospital for treatment.
3. Wound treatment
The treatment of open wounds should not only stop bleeding properly in time, but also immediately wrap the wounds with sterile gauze or clean cloth to prevent the wounds from being contaminated. The foreign body on the surface of the wound should be removed, and the exposed fracture end should not be pushed into the wound to avoid polluting the deep tissue. If possible, it is best to clean the wound with disinfectant such as potassium permanganate first, and then bind it up and fix it.
Simple fixation
Fixing the severed limb in time and correctly in the field first aid can alleviate the pain of the wounded and the continuous damage of the surrounding tissues, and also facilitate the handling and transfer of the wounded. But the fixation in first aid is temporary. Therefore, it should be simple and effective, and does not require accurate reduction of fractures; Open fractures with exposed bone ends are not suitable for reduction and should be fixed in situ. The first-aid site can use local materials, such as wooden sticks, slats, branches, rattan or cardboard, which can be used as fixing equipment, and its length is subject to fixing the upper and lower joints of the fracture. If you can't find a fixed hard object, you can also directly tie the injured limb to your body with a cloth belt. The fractured upper limb can be fixed on the chest wall, and the forearm can be hung on the chest; Fractured lower limbs can be fixed with healthy limbs.
5. Necessary analgesia
After severe trauma, intense pain stimulation can cause shock, and necessary painkillers should be given. If you take painkillers orally, you can also inject painkillers, such as morphine 10 mg or demerol 50 mg. However, people with brain and chest injuries should not inject morphine to avoid inhibiting the respiratory center.
6. Safe transshipment
After the above-mentioned on-site rescue, the wounded should be quickly and safely transported to the hospital for treatment. Attention should be paid to light and steady movements during transshipment to prevent vibration and injury to limbs, so as to alleviate the pain of the wounded; Pay attention to its warmth and proper activities.
7. Details of the treatment method
1) quickly fix the affected area with splint.
The fixation should not be too tight; Put something soft between the board and the limbs, and then tie it with a belt. The board developed two joints in the fracture. If there is no board, you can use branches, rolling pins, umbrellas, newspaper rolls and other items instead.
2) Open fracture with bleeding at the break.
Can be compressed with clean sterile gauze. If pressing can't stop the bleeding, you can tie the upper part of the wound (near the heart end) with a tourniquet to stop the bleeding.
3) when the thigh is broken
Internal bleeding can reach 1000ml (the total blood volume of human body is about 4000ml). Tight dressing and fixation can also cause nerve paralysis, so pay close attention to the patient's condition.
Experts pointed out that the treatment of on-site fractures is diversified, and different treatment methods should be adopted according to specific conditions. For example, if the fracture is light and not swollen, cold compress should be carried out first, and the fracture should be smeared with ice water, ice cubes or refrigerant to prevent swelling. Frozen mineral water and pure water can also be used, but tap water is not recommended, and it is sent to the hospital for treatment after fixation.