Malignant tumor is the "number one killer", and the incidence of lung cancer has increased in ten years.
According to the report, in 20 16 years, the top three causes of death of Beijing residents were malignant tumor, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in turn, accounting for 72.3% of all deaths. Compared with previous years, malignant tumor is still the main cause of death in Beijing, with the mortality rate of 177.32/65438+ 10,000, which is 0.68% higher than that of 20 15.
In terms of malignant tumors, the reporter noted that from 2006 to 20 15, the incidence of lung cancer in Beijing increased by 27.5% in ten years, showing an overall growth trend, while the world standard remained stable. So what is the difference between the world standard and the incidence rate? What are the main reasons for the rising incidence of lung cancer among Beijing residents?
Experts from the Beijing Municipal Health Planning Commission explained that the incidence rate refers to the frequency of new cases of a certain disease in a certain range of people in a certain period of time, which is a measure of the impact of the disease on people's health and describes the distribution of the disease. For lung cancer, the index describes the actual situation of new lung cancer in a certain period of time in a specific population. The world standard rate is called the age-standardized incidence rate of the world population, and the world standard rate of lung cancer no longer reflects the actual occurrence of lung cancer. This index is only used to compare the incidence of lung cancer between different regions or in different periods in the same region, so as to make it comparable. For example, in 20 15 years, the incidence of lung cancer was 63.77/65,438+million, which was 27.5% higher than that in 2006. However, after the adjustment of the world standard population structure, the incidence of lung cancer in 20 15 years was 29.43/100000, with little change compared with 2006.
As for the reasons for the rising incidence of lung cancer among Beijing residents in recent ten years, the analysis shows that the main reason is the aging population structure, and the world standardized rate of lung cancer is basically stable without being affected by age. Gao Xiaojun, member of the Beijing Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission and spokesperson, said in response to a reporter's question that early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment can effectively improve the cure rate of tumors. For lung cancer, the five-year survival rate of population monitoring is less than 15%, but the five-year survival rate of early lung cancer can reach more than 55%.
In the first year of the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy, the maternal mortality rate has increased.
20 16 is the first year of implementing the two-child policy in China. According to the white paper, in 20 16, the maternal mortality rate of Beijing registered population and Beijing permanent population increased by 24.6% and 16.2% respectively compared with 20 15.
Regarding the reasons for the increase, Gao Xiaojun explained that the first reason for this phenomenon is the relative shortage of midwifery human resources. "Last year, the number of midwives was nearly 280,000. Although obstetric beds have been adjusted and obstetrics has been added, obstetric beds and obstetrics have not been increased simultaneously. The training of personnel needs time period and cost, and the resources of obstetricians are relatively insufficient. Secondly, some medical institutions have insufficient comprehensive treatment capacity. Some obstetricians do not know enough about the medical and surgical complications of pregnant women. The critical rescue ability of high-risk pregnant women in some secondary midwifery institutions needs to be improved. Third, pregnant women's awareness of self-care is weak. Some elderly pregnant women, especially multiparas, ignore the doctor's advice and insist on continuing pregnancy and delivery when they have serious complications or complications. Failure to seek medical treatment in time or poor compliance after seeing a doctor in case of abnormal conditions, missing the best treatment and rescue opportunity, leading to death.
How to improve this situation and reduce maternal mortality? Gao Xiaojun believes that it is first necessary to strengthen the construction of midwifery professional teams and institutions, and promote the standardized construction and standardized management of maternal and child health care institutions. Secondly, strengthen the management and intervention of high-risk pregnancy, especially strengthen the multidisciplinary technical force to participate in the treatment of high-risk pregnant women. Third, strengthen health education. In particular, strengthen the whole service of prenatal and postnatal care, improve the health examination rate of prenatal eugenics, and improve the technical service ability and consulting level of prenatal eugenics.