1. Parents should help their children establish a correct outlook on life. With a correct outlook on life, children will have a pillar in their hearts, not afraid of hardship and able to withstand setbacks.
2. Educate children to know themselves correctly and have self-knowledge. Neither inferiority nor conceit, only see their own advantages, but also recognize their own shortcomings, so that children can be correct and do things effectively.
3. Children are relatively poor in knowledge and experience, and their ability to solve problems is poor. They still can't look at the problem comprehensively, and they often love to get to the bottom of it. Therefore, parents should help their children to increase their knowledge, teach them to correctly understand things and learn to look at problems dialectically.
4. Emotion directly affects children's mental health. Parents should educate their children to learn to control their emotions, not to lose their temper because of a trivial matter, but to educate their children to learn to adjust their emotions and deal with problems calmly and rationally.
Parents should guide their children to use their brains scientifically, combine work and rest, have a rest after a class, play ball games, play toys, etc. , can reduce fatigue, improve learning efficiency and improve physical and mental health.
6. Let children participate in group activities and learn to interact with others. When children participate in group activities, they can make more friends, get to know themselves in the group and learn to get along with others. Sometimes they can talk to their friends about their unhappiness and eliminate their unhealthy psychology.
7. Parents should educate their children about mental health, and they should be mentally healthy first. If parents have unhealthy psychological factors, it will often affect their children's psychology. Therefore, parents should strive to shape their children's good personality, maintain their mental health, and establish a positive and lovely image in their hearts.
Second, children's family psychological quality education
First, focus on the cultivation of children's sense of self-worth.
Self-esteem and self-confidence are the basic signs of good psychological quality, and cultivating a high level of self-worth is the key to cultivating children's healthy personality. So, what aspects should we start from to cultivate children's sense of self-worth?
First of all, take advantage of various opportunities to help children acquire the abilities they may master. This requires parents to have an appropriate expectation for their children. What we demand must be achieved by children through hard work. In addition, let the children solve their own problems as much as possible. Design some situations that can promote children's success. Adults must be patient and let their children complete the activities within their power, and must not interfere or arrange, so that children will never feel the successful experience.
Secondly, put forward a moderate evaluation of children's words and deeds, affirm children's advantages and strengths in time, and accept children's various behaviors with a positive attitude. Parents should not be stingy with encouraging language, because the evaluation of adults greatly affects the self-evaluation of children. On this basis, we should teach children to learn correct self-evaluation, let them know their own advantages and disadvantages, and adjust and improve them.
Second, cultivate children's sense of self-reliance and autonomy.
Self-reliance and autonomy refer to the way people think, judge and seek solutions for themselves.
At present, the quality of self-reliance and autonomy is a problem for the only child who grew up in an excessively superior environment. The first thing parents should do is to consciously change their ideas, reduce their love and accommodation for their children, cultivate their independent living ability from an early age, give them more opportunities for self-exercise and self-service, reduce their attachment to their parents, and improve their adaptability to social life, which is conducive to the development of their independence. Secondly, establish a correct view of children and upbringing. Take a democratic attitude towards education, pay attention to giving children autonomy, often listen to their opinions, let children play a certain role in family decision-making, take certain responsibilities for their own actions and choices, and let children take the initiative to take responsibility suitable for their age.
Third, give children proper frustration education and exercise their psychological endurance and psychological balance from an early age.
A gradual emergence aimed at improving children's psychological endurance to setbacks. Western education and mental health experts generally believe that a good attitude towards discounts is learned from constant setbacks and difficulties in childhood. Parents should educate their children correctly about setbacks, exercise their strong will and character in the face of difficulties and setbacks, create a relaxed atmosphere in the family, let their children have their own methods and lifestyles, and let them form an objective, tolerant, patient and harmonious mentality. Only in this way can children face setbacks calmly and remain optimistic and confident.
Fourth, cultivate children's sense of equal competition and competition.
Equal competitive consciousness and competitive ability are important requirements for the quality of talents in the 2 1 century. Parents need to educate their children's awareness of equal competition from an early age, cultivate their children's spirit of catching up and striving for self-improvement, and educate their children to look at success or failure with a peaceful attitude, winning without arrogance and losing with grace. This requires parents to create as many opportunities for their children to participate in various competitions as possible, and pay attention to guiding their children's mentality in this process, so that children can strive for opportunities to show their abilities.
Third, the typical performance of children's psychological abnormalities
1, ADHD children's psychological behavior can be manifested in their behavior, and some children have ADHD. Mainly active; Lack of concentration; Emotional fluctuation, poor self-control ability; Learning is seriously affected and so on. To be active, I like running, or climbing up and down, swinging my chair around, walking, shouting or talking, teasing others, and doing small things, such as biting pencils, nails and skirts.
In terms of inattention, specifically speaking, you can't concentrate on listening in class, your attention is distracted, you are easily distracted by environmental interference, you look around in class, you are absent-minded or in a daze. In terms of poor self-control, specifically, it is childish and willful, with poor restraint and easy to get angry or impulsive. Emotional instability, yelling or crying over trifles, bad temper, often impulsive, regardless of the consequences, may suddenly make some dangerous actions and destructive behaviors.
2. Anxiety refers to a sudden state of fear without obvious physical reasons. The specific manifestations are lack of self-confidence, over-sensitivity, loss of appetite and crying for no reason. This kind of children are sensitive to unfamiliar environment, but they are afraid, even nervous, crying incessantly, often worried about being laughed at by others, paying too much attention to things that haven't happened yet, accompanied by unfounded troubles. I am also overly anxious about some trivial things in my daily life.
3, terror insomnia horror is manifested in the fear and escape of certain things or situations, such as fear of lightning, extreme tension, running around. Children are also afraid of things that are not dangerous or basically not dangerous, and this fear is very prominent. Children avoid and shrink back because of fear.
Fourth, understand children's mental health knowledge.
First of all, realize the importance of children's mental health education.
To know the clinical investigation results of children's mental health, those figures are all children with psychological problems. Every preschool teacher has the obligation and responsibility to do his part to help children solve psychological problems, because this work is directly related to the physical and mental development of children throughout their lives and determines the future development level of our country and society.
Second, understand the main manifestations of children's psychological problems and accurately understand the causes of children's psychological problems.
Children's psychological problems are mainly manifested as cognitive disorders, personality and emotional disorders, and behavioral disorders. Personality and emotional disorders are divided into anxiety, phobia, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism, and behavioral disorders are divided into attention disorder (ADHD) and TIC disorder. In the past, the main manifestations of children's psychological problems were only some fragmented knowledge. After learning, they are clearly distinguished, which provides a theoretical basis for accurate judgment in the future.
It is also clear that heredity, brain injury and environment are the causes of children's psychological problems, which points out the direction for exploring the causes of children's psychological problems in practical work in the future and avoids detours.
Third, I have basically mastered the intervention skills of psychological problems.
Understand the formative education model for all children and the compensatory counseling model for children with psychological problems. Basically mastered the intervention techniques of behavioral therapy and painting therapy.
Fourthly, the overall idea of mental health education has been initially formed in practical work.
After studying the causes of children's psychological problems and their intervention methods, through review and induction, a knowledge system space about children's psychological problems is established in the mind. The next step is to implement children's mental health education mainly from the following four aspects.
First, all teachers have to undergo two trainings, so that each teacher can master the contents of children's mental health education. Second, set up mental health education courses according to the teaching plan and children's age characteristics. Third, directors and teachers should do their duty, find children with psychological problems in time, communicate with parents in time, and achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early intervention; Fourthly, teachers are encouraged to write educational cases to further enrich and expand the strategies of mental health education.