Beijing Olympic Park is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, at the northern end of Beijing's central axis, north to the south bank of Qinghe River, south to Tucheng Road, east to Anli Road and Beichen East Road, and west to Cui Lin Road and Beichen West Road, with a total area of 1 1.59 square kilometers, which embodies the three concepts of "science and technology, green and humanity" and integrates offices, businesses and hotels.
During the 2008 Olympic Games, there were 10 Olympic competition venues, including Bird's Nest, Water Cube, National Gymnasium, Fencing Hall of National Convention Center, Olympic Sports Center Stadium, Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium, Yingdong Swimming Pool, Olympic Park Archery, Olympic Park Tennis Court and Olympic Park Hockey Field. In addition, there are seven non-competition venues such as the Olympic Main Press Center (MPC), the International Broadcasting Center (IBC), the Olympic Reception Center and the Olympic Village (Paralympic Village), which are comprehensive civic activity centers integrating sports events, convention and exhibition centers, science, education, culture and leisure shopping.
Beijing Olympic Park is divided into three parts: the Olympic Forest Park with 6.8 square kilometers in the north, the central area with 3. 1.05 square kilometers in the middle and the built-up reserve area (Olympic Sports Center) with 0/.64 square kilometers in the south.
The completed and reserved area was originally the National Olympic Sports Center, located in the area south of the North Fourth Ring Road and east of Beichen Road. All venues are 1990 Asian Games venues, including Olympic Sports Center Stadium, Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium and Yingdong Swimming Pool. The reserved land in the south will be developed into cultural and commercial areas. The central area is located in the middle of the Olympic Park, south of Hui Ke Road and north of North Fourth Ring Road. There is the Olympic Village in the northwest corner, and various major venues in the south, including the National Stadium "Bird's Nest", the National Swimming Center "Water Cube", the National Gymnasium and the National Convention Center (Games-time fencing hall and international broadcasting center). In addition, the Olympic multi-function broadcasting tower (Linglong Tower), the Digital Beijing Tower and the main news center are also located in this area [4]? . Forest Park is located to the north of Hui Ke Road. China ancient garden technology was used to dig lakes and pile mountains, and the "Olympic Sea" and "Yangshan Mountain" were built as the end point of the northern extension of Beijing's central axis. The park is divided into north and south areas by the five rings. The south area is dominated by artificial landscapes, and the north area is located closer to natural wilderness. There is an "ecological corridor" across the Fifth Ring Road between the two districts. On the west side are the Olympic Park Hockey Field, the Olympic Park Archery Field and the Olympic Park Tennis Court (now called the National Tennis Center). On the other hand, all areas except the Olympic Village are combined according to the planning function and divided into five areas:
South of the National Stadium North Road is the Sports Function Zone, where the National Stadium "Bird's Nest", National Swimming Center "Water Cube", National Gymnasium, Olympic Sports Center Stadium, Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium, Yingdong Swimming Pool and other major sports facilities are located. Between the National Stadium North Road and Hui Ke Road, the east side of the dragon-shaped water system is the "Cultural Science and Education Zone". The new China Science and Technology Museum opened after the Games, the planned China Art Museum, the China National Studies Center and other scientific, educational and cultural facilities are all located in this area. Between the National Stadium North Road and Hui Ke Road, the west side of the dragon-shaped water system is a "characteristic business circle", and the National Convention Center, Intercontinental Hotel Beichen, the sunken plaza business circle and the watchtower under construction are all located in this area. Between Hui Ke Road and the Fifth Ring Road, there is a "forest leisure area", which corresponds to the south area of the forest park. North of the Fifth Ring Road is an "ecological recreation area", which corresponds to the north area of Forest Park.
The Olympic Park has designed different landscapes around the central axis that runs through the whole park, and designed three axes-the central axis, the tree array on the west side and the dragon-shaped water system on the east side. There are three different spaces (celebration square, sunken garden and leisure square) between the dragon-shaped water system and the central axis, and the landscape design is also carried out on both sides of the water system. There is also an iconic landscape tower in the park-Linglong Tower, which provides media with studio and TV broadcast services during the Games. In addition, the existing historical sites in the park, including the historical sites such as the Niangniang Temple in Beiding, are also considered in the landscape design.
The central axis itself is designed as a landscape avenue, with a total area of 400,000 square meters, and there is no building in the middle (called "imaginary axis", which is opposite to the "real axis" where buildings are set in the inner city). The road starts from Panda Island in the south and ends at South Gate Square of Forest Park in the north, with a total length of 3.7 kilometers. Within the width range of 265,438+0 to 60 meters, gray granite is used to imitate the imperial road in the ancient buildings of China, and the integrity of the road can be maintained even if it intersects with the municipal road.
The landscape bandwidth of the tree array on the west side is 100 meters, with a length of 2.4 kilometers. It starts from the north side of the Fourth Ring Road in the south, reaches Hui Ke Road in the north, and breaks off at the east side of the National Swimming Center and the National Gymnasium in the middle, forming a square. The trees in the tree array are 6 meters apart and arranged in a matrix, and the trees are mainly native to Beijing. Considering the cost, not all ginkgo trees are used, but Chinese pine, Populus tomentosa, Sophora japonica, Luan tree and other tree species are used as the main body of the square array, and both sides run through the ginkgo array. Under the tree, the hard permeable brick in the south turned into a regular hedge in the middle, and finally became a free greening in the north, gradually integrating into the forest.
The dragon-shaped water system in the east is about 2.7 kilometers long and 20 to125m wide, with a total area of 16.5 hectares. It starts from the south side of the Bird's Nest in the south and reaches Aohai Forest Park in the north. Although it is an artificial water system, the water source is also reclaimed water produced by sewage treatment plants, but in the construction, the ecological balance is artificially constructed to achieve the effect of natural purification. Hubin West Road on the west bank is a non-motorized vehicle lane, and a hydrophilic platform is set beside the sunken garden, supplemented by steps, platforms, seats and other facilities. There is a belt-shaped green space on the east bank, with short and sparse vegetation on the west side and high density on the east side, which not only helps to watch the central area from the east bank to the west, but also makes the scenery from the central area to the east rich in layers.
Among the three spaces, the celebration square in the south section is connected with the Axis Square, providing space for large-scale activities and outdoor activities during and after the Games for the surrounding national stadium, swimming center and gymnasium, with fountains on the north and south sides. The sinking garden in the middle section is designed in combination with the surrounding subway stations and more than 200,000 square meters of underground commercial facilities. With the theme of "Open Forbidden City", seven courtyards are arranged from south to north, with different designs (Courtyard No.4 and Courtyard No.5 are separated by roads and adopt the same design), which embodies different traditional cultural elements in China. Vegetation is naturally planted in the northern leisure park as a buffer zone for the gradual transition from the central area to the forest, and there is open space for activities in the middle of the vegetation; The watchtower under construction is located in the leisure garden.
The underground circular traffic corridor in the central area of Beijing Olympic Park is 9.9 kilometers long, of which the trunk length is 4.5 kilometers, which is the longest urban tunnel in Asia. The direction of the circular passage is roughly the same as Nanyi Road, Hubin East Road, Yi Bei Road and Jingjing West Road in the central area of the Olympic Park. Among them, the east and west sections are 13 meters away from the ground, and the north and south sections are 7.8 meters away from the ground. The main length of the tunnel is 4498.92 meters, and the subsidiary length is 17 13.8 meters. The exit connected with the ground is 37 19.06 meters long, and the whole underground project is 993 1.78 meters long. Channel width12.25m * * * three lanes. The special feature of this passage is that it only allows counterclockwise one-way driving with a speed limit of 30 km/h. 25 entrances and exits are connected with the surrounding road network. The underground passage has an entrance and exit every two or three hundred meters on average, a total of 25. Dense entrances and exits are connected with nearly 10 municipal roads such as North Fourth Ring Road, Chengfu Road, Datun Road, Hui Ke Road and Beichen Road around the central area of the Olympic Park. Among them, there are 6 entrances and 7 exits connected with the ground road, and 6 entrances and 6 exits connected with Datun Road Tunnel and Chengfu Road Tunnel. The underground passage is also connected with the underground garage of the surrounding buildings, and interfaces are reserved for those buildings that are still on the drawings and have not started construction. There are 34 such interfaces. In addition, the underground passage is not a simple traffic corridor, but has complete ancillary facilities, including five independent personnel escape exits, 1 fire pump station, 1 monitoring center, exhaust and blower room, etc.