The tea culture in China is profound and has a long history, which can be traced back to the Western Han Dynasty. The birthplace of tea culture in China and the world is Bashu area in China. During the Western Han Dynasty, people in Bashu area were used to drinking tea, and a tea trading market was formed in Bashu area, and special tea drinking tools were developed. Tea culture has five characteristics: historical, contemporary, national, regional and international. Tea culture is an important part of China's cultural education, with a long history and rich connotation, which plays a great role in the progress of social civilization and economic development. Tea culture is an intermediary culture, which includes the historical development of tea, the cultural environment of tea areas, tea science and technology, various teas and tea sets, tea drinking customs, tea ceremony, tea paintings and tea poems, as well as the spirit of tea ceremony, cha de and the influence of tea on social life. What exactly is tea culture? "Studying tea culture is not a study of natural phenomena such as the growth, cultivation, production, chemical composition, pharmaceutical principles and health care functions of tea. This is the work of natural scientists. Nor is it simply to add tea science to the history of tea archaeology and tea development. Our task is to study the cultural and social phenomena produced by the application of tea "-Professor Wang Ling's Tea Culture in China"
? The material forms of tea culture are historical relics, relics, tea books, tea paintings, various famous teas, teahouses, tea sets, tea songs and dances, tea drinking skills, tea performances and so on. The spirit is manifested in cha de, the spirit of tea ceremony, entertaining guests with tea, keeping honesty with tea, keeping health with tea, and blindly following tea. There are also intermediate forms of expression, such as tea policy, tea law, etiquette rules, customs, etc., which belong to the institutional culture model. Due to the cultural system, tea has three levels: material culture, institutional culture and spiritual culture. The spiritual connotation of tea culture includes four aspects: health preservation, cultivation, pleasure and respect for ceremony.
? Tea culture in a broad sense refers to the sum of material and spiritual wealth in the whole process of tea development. It has the cultural characteristics formed in the process of tea-drinking activities, including science and technology education, culture and art, medical care, historical archaeology, economy and trade, catering tourism and news publishing, including tea monographs, tea periodicals, tea and poems, tea and songs and dances, tea and novels, tea and art, tea and weddings, tea and sacrifices, tea and Zen, tea and couplets, tea and proverbs, and tea.
Tea culture in a narrow sense is often limited to people's "spiritual perception", which refers to the spiritual enjoyment that tea can bring to people. Pay attention to the ideological display of culture, focusing on elegance, which is concentrated in poetry and painting, tea songs and dances, music and lighting. Bring people elegant inner enjoyment.
? China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. China is the first country in the world to discover, cultivate and develop tea. The origin of tea tree has a history of 60,000 to 70,000 years, and the discovery and utilization of tea by human beings is only about 4,000 to 5,000 years.
? Some books set the discovery time of tea between 2737 and 2697 BC, and its history can be inferred to the period of Three Emperors and Five Emperors. In the Tang Dynasty, Lu Yu of Cha Sheng recorded in the Book of Tea: "Tea is a drink, which originated in Shennong and was heard in Duke Zhou of Lu." The strong basis of this conclusion is Shen Nong's Herbal Classic and Shen Nong's Food Classic. "Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica" records: "Shen Nong tasted a hundred herbs and encountered seventy-two poisons every day, so he solved it with tea." "Shennong Food Classic" records: "Tea and tea for a long time are enjoyable." This statement has been circulated to this day.
? Han people pay attention to the word "quality" when drinking tea. When the guests come, the etiquette of making tea and offering tea is essential. When a guest visits, you can ask for advice and choose the best tea set that suits the guest's taste best. When offering tea to guests, it is also necessary to mix tea properly. When drinking tea with guests, the host should pay attention to the tea residue in the guest's cup and pot. Generally speaking, tea is brewed in a teacup. If you have already drunk half of it, you should add boiling water to make the concentration of tea basically the same and the water temperature appropriate. When drinking tea, it can also be properly accompanied by tea, candy, dishes and so on. To achieve the effect of regulating taste and snacks.
Tea culture is very important in the life of the Han nationality. Tea has always been used as a tribute to the king of Wu. In the late primitive commune, tea became a commodity exchange. During the Warring States period, tea had a certain scale. Tea was recorded in the Book of Songs in the pre-Qin period. Another example is that in the Han Dynasty, tea has become a special tonic for Buddhist meditation. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was an atmosphere of drinking tea. During the Sui Dynasty, the whole people generally drank tea. In the Tang Dynasty, the tea industry flourished, and tea became "indispensable to others". Teahouses, tea banquets and tea parties appeared one after another, advocating guests to worship tea. In Song Dynasty, fighting tea, tribute tea and gift tea were popular.
? Health preservation is the utilitarian pursuit of tea culture, cultivation is the moral perfection of tea culture, pleasure is the artistic interest of tea culture, and respect for ceremony is the interpersonal coordination of tea culture. Tea culture plays a great role in promoting social progress. The social functions of tea culture are mainly as follows
? Live on tea. Tea is an important cash crop with good economic benefits and great development potential. Developing tea production and tea trade is an important part of promoting national economic growth.
? Take tea as a friend, make friends with tea, invite guests to worship tea with tea as a gift, advocate "harmony is the most important", adjust social interpersonal relations and promote peaceful development;
? Replace wine with tea, advocate honesty with tea, advocate the spirit of cha de and tea people, and promote the ideological and moral level of human groups with tea; Poetry and painting with tea, singing and dancing with tea, performing arts with tea, traveling in tea country, advocating elegant artistic enjoyment and beautifying people's lives; ? Take tea as food, hold a banquet with tea, advocate tea as national drink, and enrich people's eating life; Taking tea as the medium, offering tea, combining tea with Zen, and giving full play to the media and spiritual sustenance of tea.
? In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Ye said that tea has ten virtues: dispersing depressed qi, expelling sleeping qi, nourishing vitality, removing pathogenic qi, tasting taste, keeping fit, benefiting courtesy and benevolence, respecting behavior and aspiring to Kaya.
. As we all know, tea contains more than 500 chemical components, including organic and inorganic substances. Among them, organic substances account for biological substances, aromatic substances, analogues, soaps, etc. Inorganic substances include dozens of metallic and nonmetallic compounds, such as potassium, sodium, beer, iron and lead. Protein, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, lipids, potassium, sodium, calcium, iron, zinc, etc. Tea contains nutrients beneficial to human health; Tea polyphenols, caffeine, tea polysaccharides, theanine, etc. Tea is not necessary for human body, but it has the health care function of preventing and treating diseases, which is called medicinal components. As we all know, tea polyphenols have many functions, such as antioxidation, lipid-lowering, sterilization and antivirus, prevention and treatment of radiation damage, cancer prevention and so on. Caffeine has the functions of excitement, diuresis and fat digestion. Theanine has the functions of calming and regulating nerve conduction. Tea polysaccharide has the functions of enhancing immunity and lowering blood sugar. Tea, especially high-quality green tea, is rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C, B vitamins and vitamin E. Drinking tea scientifically and reasonably is very beneficial to human health. The benefits of drinking tea mainly include: promoting fluid production to quench thirst, relieving summer-heat, promoting diuresis and detoxifying, refreshing, strengthening teeth and preventing caries, enhancing immunity, delaying aging, killing bacteria and viruses, reducing blood fat and weight, lowering blood pressure, preventing cardiovascular diseases, eliminating halitosis, helping digestion, lowering blood sugar and preventing diabetes.
? The tea culture in China has a great influence on our modern life. Tea culture in China can not only improve the health level of office workers and relieve their psychological pressure, but also create more social wealth and value by relying on modern technology and information technology, thus improving the health level of the whole Chinese civilization. Give time to civilization, not to civilization. The experience of various social development shows that the rapid development of modernization is not the only goal, but the most important thing is to produce spiritual civilization that is suitable for modern society, and the perfection and enrichment of spiritual level is the basis of people's "happiness" in society. Tea culture has various excellent characteristics, which will not only provide the best spiritual nourishment for people's lives in the past in history, but also in today's times. Tea culture is an elegant culture, and celebrities are willing to participate. Tea culture is also a popular culture, in which people participate extensively. Tea culture is a collective spiritual food that covers the whole people and affects the whole society. This spiritual support, which nourishes China's 5,000-year-old historical civilization, deserves our greatest personal efforts to make China's tea culture move towards a longer-term future with Chinese civilization and spread for a long time.