Depression has become a new "urban epidemic"
The earliest version of Baker Depression Questionnaire (BDI) is a popular online depression test, which was published in 196 1, including 2 1 questions. However, there are still some shortcomings in this version, which do not fully conform to DSM's definition of depression.
?
In fact, symptoms are not necessarily symptoms. If you go to the hospital and tell the doctor that you suspect that you have depression, then the doctor will first ask you, "How long?" Because depression and transient depression are very different.
Transient depression is a normal psychological phenomenon that everyone will have. For example, after the holiday, you want to travel, but the leader told you to be on duty, so it is natural to be depressed. This phenomenon is not only harmless, but also can promote interpersonal communication and complain about leadership with colleagues, which is often the beginning of close friends.
Depression is much more serious. Depression can be summarized by the symptoms of "three lows", that is, depression, slow thinking and reduced will activity. Different from depression, these symptoms will last for at least two weeks, and damage social function to varying degrees, or cause pain or adverse consequences to themselves.
In addition, patients usually have biological symptoms: sleep disorder, loss of appetite, listlessness, and even physical discomfort, such as headache or general pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitation, sweating, frequent urination, urgency and constipation.
It is particularly noteworthy that the patient's suicidal concept and suicidal behavior. Patients feel that everything in life, even life itself, is meaningless, and that death is the best destination. At the same time, they think that their families can't live without themselves, or that their departure will make their relatives feel sad and uncomfortable, or that there are still things in the world that deserve nostalgia and they can't make up their minds to die. This symptom is called suicidal thoughts. Some patients with severe depression will think that "ending their lives is a relief" or "living in the world is a redundant person", and then they will have suicide plans and actions and repeatedly seek suicide.
Suicide is a sign of severe depression. At least 25% of people in depressive episode have suicidal attempts or behaviors. Some patients will have "extended suicide". Patients think that their living relatives are also suffering, and they can commit suicide after killing their relatives, which will lead to extremely serious consequences.
Seeing this, I believe most people are relieved because they are not "depressed" for two weeks at all. For those patients who need further examination to be diagnosed, doctors will use scales and other means.
The scale mentioned here is not an unreliable test circulated on the Internet, but a scientific summary with reference to the symptoms of depression. From 65438 to 0960, Hamilton of the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom put forward the Hamilton Depression Scale to help patients evaluate the severity of their illness and the changes of symptoms after treatment. Until today, this scale is still the most widely used scale in the field of depression.
At present, the international diagnostic standard for depression is American Handbook of Mental Disorders and Diagnosis, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), in which there is a set of stereotyped examination tools, namely DSM-IV's Clinical Stereotyped Examination for Patients with Axis I Disorders (SCIDP). In China, the diagnosis of depression mainly adopts the third edition of China Classification and Diagnostic Criteria for Mental Disorders (CCMD-3). In order to help inexperienced young doctors, Li Xianyun, head teacher of education and training of Beijing Psychological Crisis Research and Intervention Center and chief physician of huilongguan hospital Psychiatry Department in Beijing, compiled the Depression Diagnosis and Screening Scale, which was revised several times on the basis of SCID's "major depressive episode". In addition to retaining the original item of SCID "major depressive episode", 2-3 supplementary items were added for each symptom to improve its sensitivity in screening depression.
In addition, most biochemical etiological hypotheses believe that depression is related to abnormal metabolism of biogenic amines, which will lead to changes in brain imaging. Therefore, blood biochemical examination and imaging examination are also auxiliary examination means and research direction of depression.
People pay more and more attention to mental illness, which is a good thing, but if we can't correctly understand mental illness, it will not only help to keep healthy, but also have the opposite effect.
Most people are actually more psychological hints.
?
So, if someone comes up with a similar "depression test form" next time, you might as well ask yourself, "Is it really because you don't want to work?"
Young man, put out your energy to do experiments, work and live!
?
?
-
References:
1, yang qinyan, Zhou Min, Luo chunqiong, et al. research progress of depression diagnosis [J]. China medical science, 2002. international journal of psychiatry, 2014,2: 011;
2. Luo, Yao Zhijian, etc. Depression recognition based on fMRI and DTI wavelet fusion signal. Journal of Southeast University (English version) [N], 2012; 28( 1):25-28。
?
?
The copyright of the content signed "Tadpole Staff" belongs to Tadpole Staff, and any media, website or individual may not reprint it without authorization, otherwise the corresponding legal responsibility shall be investigated. Please send an email to editor@kedo.gov.cn to apply for reprinting authorization or cooperation. The signed articles published on this website only represent the author's views and have nothing to do with this website. If there is any infringement, you are responsible.
Author: Tuoba Black